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{{master begin
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  | title = Figures
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  | width = 240em
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{| class="master"
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|-
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! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome Version]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|A|Featured Translation (from the Rome)}}<br/>by [[Christian Tobler]]</p>
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! <p>[[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|Nuremberg Version]] (ca. 1400)<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Gotha Version]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome Version]] (1452){{edit index|Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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! <p>[[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Krakow Version]] (1535-40){{edit index|Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Per Magnus Haaland]]</p>
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! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Ⅱ Version]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
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|-
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| class="noline" rowspan="29" | {{double page|Cod.44.A.8 7v.jpg|Cod.44.A.8 8r.jpg|x288px|x288px}}
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{{double page|MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|200px|200px}}
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| <p>'''Figures of the Fight on Horseback'''</p>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|1|lbl=165v.1}}
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|
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|-
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| <p>{{red|Direct your spear etc, If it falls etc, Strike in, don't pull, etc.}}<br/><br/></p>
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<p>Gloss: Pull to his left, grasp in his right, so you catch him there without fencing.</p>
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|
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|
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|14|lbl=07v.1}}
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|
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|
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|16|lbl=18r.14}}
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|-
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| <p>The 1st Figure: {{red|Charge from the breast to his right hand.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|1|lbl=22v.1}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|1|lbl=07v.2}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|1|lbl=74r}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|2|lbl=165v.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|3|lbl=18r.1}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 2nd Figure:}} Turn around with the horse, pull his right hand with your left.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 53r.jpg|10|lbl=53r.10}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|2|lbl=22v.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|2|lbl=07v.3}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|3|lbl=165v.23}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|4|lbl=18r.2}}
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|-
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| <p>The 3rd Figure: {{red|Upon the encounter, take the stirrup-strap or the weapon.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|3|lbl=22v.3}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|3|lbl=07v.4}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|4|lbl=165v.4}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|5|lbl=18r.3}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 4th Figure:}} Plant upon him high, swing, go through or break the sword.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 53r.jpg|8|lbl=53r.8}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|4|lbl=22v.4}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|4|lbl=07v.5}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|5|lbl=165v.5}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|6|lbl=18r.4}}
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|-
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| <p>The 5th Figure: {{red|The defense precedes all meetings, striking, or thrusting.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|5|lbl=22v.5}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|5|lbl=07v.6}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|6|lbl=165v.6}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|7|lbl=18r.5}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 6th Figure:}} Take the strong with both hands.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|6|lbl=22v.6}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|6|lbl=07v.7}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|7|lbl=165v.7}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|8|lbl=18r.6}}
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|-
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| <p>The 7th Figure: {{red|Now begin to seek the opponent with the Slapping Stroke.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|9|lbl=22v.9}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|7|lbl=07v.8}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|8|lbl=165v.8}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|9|lbl=18r.7}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 8th Figure:}} Turn his right hand, set the point to his eyes.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|7|lbl=22v.7}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|8|lbl=07v.9}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|9|lbl=165v.9}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|10|lbl=18r.8}}
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|-
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| <p>The 9th Figure: {{red|Who defends against the thrust, grasp his right hand in your left.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|8|lbl=22v.8}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|9|lbl=07v.10}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|10|lbl=165v.10}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|11|lbl=18r.9}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 10th Figure:}} Seek the openings: arms, leather, gauntlets, under the eyes.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|11|lbl=22v.11}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|10|lbl=07v.11}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|11|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|11|lbl=165v.11}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|12|lbl=18r.10}}
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|-
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| <p>The 11th Figure: {{red|Press hard, push from the reins and seek his messer.}}</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 55r.jpg|13|lbl=55r.13}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|10|lbl=22v.10}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|11|lbl=07v.12}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|12|lbl=165v.12}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|13|lbl=18r.11}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 12th Figure:}} With the empty hand learn two strokes against all weapons.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|12|lbl=22v.12}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|12|lbl=07v.13}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|13|lbl=165v.13}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|14|lbl=18r.12}}
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|-
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| <p>The 13th Figure: {{red|The Sheep Grip defends against all wrestling grips under the eyes.}}</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS 3227a 55r.jpg|3|lbl=55r.3}}
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{{section|Page:MS 3227a 57v.jpg|2|lbl=57v.2}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|13|lbl=22v.13}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|13|lbl=07v.14}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|1|lbl=74v}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|14|lbl=165v.14}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|15|lbl=18r.13}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 14th Figure:}} Turn around again to where the horses hasten.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|1|lbl=23r.1}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|1|lbl=08r.1}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|15|lbl=165v.15}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|1|lbl=18v.1}}
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|-
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| <p>The 15th Figure: {{red|Up close, catch the hand, turn over his face to where the nape is.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|2|lbl=23r.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|2|lbl=08r.2}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|1|lbl=166r.1}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|2|lbl=18r.2}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 16th Figure:}} Catch the weapon from afar while you ride against him.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|3|lbl=23r.3}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|3|lbl=08r.3}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|2|lbl=166r.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|3|lbl=18r.3}}
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|-
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| <p>The 17th Figure: {{red|If you charge to the left, then fall to the sword pommel, jab under the eyes.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|7|lbl=23r.7}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|4|lbl=08r.4}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|3|lbl=166r.3}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|4|lbl=18r.4}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 18th Figure:}} Charge to the right side with its skill.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|6|lbl=23r.6}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|5|lbl=08r.5}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|4|lbl=166r.4}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|5|lbl=18r.5}}
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|-
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| <p>The 19th Figure: {{red|Plant the point upon him to the face.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|4|lbl=23r.4}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|6|lbl=08r.6}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|5|lbl=166r.5}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|6|lbl=18r.6}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 20th Figure:}} Shatter against all hits that ever happen.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|5|lbl=23r.5}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|7|lbl=08r.7}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|6|lbl=166r.6}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|7|lbl=18r.7}}
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|-
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| <p>The 21st Figure: {{red|The strong in the beginning position yourself therein correctly.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|10|lbl=23r.10}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|8|lbl=08r.8}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|7|lbl=166r.7}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|8|lbl=18r.8}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 22nd Figure:}} He who rushes the spear to the other is met beneath the eyes.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|11|lbl=23r.11}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|9|lbl=08r.9}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|8|lbl=166r.8}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|9|lbl=18r.9}}
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|-
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| <p>The 23rd Figure: {{red|The Unnamed Grip takes the weapon or fells him.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|8|lbl=23r.8}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|10|lbl=08r.10}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|11|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|9|lbl=166r.9}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|10|lbl=18r.10}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 24th Figure:}} If an opponent charges you to both sides, turn around left and thus he rightly comes.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|9|lbl=23r.9}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|11|lbl=08r.11}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|10|lbl=166r.10}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|11|lbl=18r.11}}
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|-
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| <p>The 25th Figure: {{red|Be mindful to take and hold the messer.}}</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|12|lbl=23r.12}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|12|lbl=08r.12}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|1|lbl=75r}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|11|lbl=166r.11}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|12|lbl=18r.12}}
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|-
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| <p>{{red|The 26th Figure:}} Grasp over an opponent who falls upon you or ride against him.</p>
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|
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| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|13|lbl=23r.13}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|13|lbl=08r.13}}
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| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|12|lbl=166r.12}}
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| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|13|lbl=18r.13}}
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|-
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| class="noline" | <p>{{red|If you want to grasp, you should not fail to ride beside him. Execute the Sun Pointer to the left sleeve if you want to bend.}}</p>
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<p>Who attacks you with that, grasp over against him and he will be shamed. Press the arm to the head. This grip often robs the saddle.</p>
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| class="noline" |
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| class="noline" |
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|14|lbl=08r.14}}
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| class="noline" |
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| class="noline" |
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|14|lbl=18r.14}}
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|}
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{{master end}}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
   | title = Mounted Fencing
 
   | title = Mounted Fencing
Line 1,666: Line 1,955:
 
{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 019r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 019v.jpg|1|lbl=19v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 019r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 019v.jpg|1|lbl=19v|p=1}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Var.82 075r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Var.82 075r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
|}
 
{{master end}}
 
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Figures
 
  | width = 210em
 
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-
 
! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome Version]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|A|Featured Translation (from the Rome)}}<br/>by [[Christian Tobler]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Gotha Version]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome Version]] (1452){{edit index|Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Version]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Krakow Version]] (1535-40){{edit index|Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Per Magnus Haaland]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Ⅱ Version]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>Transcribed by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
 
 
|-
 
| class="noline" rowspan="29" | {{double page|Cod.44.A.8 7v.jpg|Cod.44.A.8 8r.jpg|x288px|x288px}}
 
 
{{double page|MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|200px|200px}}
 
| <p>'''Figures of the Fight on Horseback'''</p>
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|1|lbl=165v.1}}
 
|
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|Direct your spear etc, If it falls etc, Strike in, don't pull, etc.}}<br/><br/></p>
 
 
<p>Gloss: Pull to his left, grasp in his right, so you catch him there without fencing.</p>
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|14|lbl=07v}}
 
|
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|16|lbl=18r.14}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 1st Figure: {{red|Charge from the breast to his right hand.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|1|lbl=22v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|1|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|1|lbl=74r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|2|lbl=165v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|3|lbl=18r.1}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 2nd Figure:}} Turn around with the horse, pull his right hand with your left.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|3|lbl=165v.23}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|4|lbl=18r.2}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 3rd Figure: {{red|Upon the encounter, take the stirrup-strap or the weapon.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|4|lbl=165v.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|5|lbl=18r.3}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 4th Figure:}} Plant upon him high, swing, go through or break the sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|5|lbl=165v.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|6|lbl=18r.4}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 5th Figure: {{red|The defense precedes all meetings, striking, or thrusting.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|6|lbl=165v.6}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|7|lbl=18r.5}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 6th Figure:}} Take the strong with both hands.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|7|lbl=165v.7}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|8|lbl=18r.6}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 7th Figure: {{red|Now begin to seek the opponent with the Slapping Stroke.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|8|lbl=165v.8}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|9|lbl=18r.7}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 8th Figure:}} Turn his right hand, set the point to his eyes.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|9|lbl=165v.9}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|10|lbl=18r.8}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 9th Figure: {{red|Who defends against the thrust, grasp his right hand in your left.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|10|lbl=165v.10}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|11|lbl=18r.9}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 10th Figure:}} Seek the openings: arms, leather, gauntlets, under the eyes.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|11|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|11|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|11|lbl=165v.11}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|12|lbl=18r.10}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 11th Figure: {{red|Press hard, push from the reins and seek his messer.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|11|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|12|lbl=165v.12}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|13|lbl=18r.11}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 12th Figure:}} With the empty hand learn two strokes against all weapons.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074r.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|13|lbl=165v.13}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|14|lbl=18r.12}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 13th Figure: {{red|The Sheep Grip defends against all wrestling grips under the eyes.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 022v.jpg|13|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 007v.jpg|13|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|1|lbl=74v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|14|lbl=165v.14}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018r.jpg|15|lbl=18r.13}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 14th Figure:}} Turn around again to where the horses hasten.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|1|lbl=23r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|1|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 165v.jpg|15|lbl=165v.15}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|1|lbl=18v.1}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 15th Figure: {{red|Up close, catch the hand, turn over his face to where the nape is.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|1|lbl=166r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|2|lbl=18r.2}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 16th Figure:}} Catch the weapon from afar while you ride against him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|2|lbl=166r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|3|lbl=18r.3}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 17th Figure: {{red|If you charge to the left, then fall to the sword pommel, jab under the eyes.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|3|lbl=166r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|4|lbl=18r.4}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 18th Figure:}} Charge to the right side with its skill.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|4|lbl=166r.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|5|lbl=18r.5}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 19th Figure: {{red|Plant the point upon him to the face.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|5|lbl=166r.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|6|lbl=18r.6}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 20th Figure:}} Shatter against all hits that ever happen.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|6|lbl=166r.6}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|7|lbl=18r.7}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 21st Figure: {{red|The strong in the beginning position yourself therein correctly.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|7|lbl=166r.7}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|8|lbl=18r.8}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 22nd Figure:}} He who rushes the spear to the other is met beneath the eyes.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|11|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|8|lbl=166r.8}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|9|lbl=18r.9}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 23rd Figure: {{red|The Unnamed Grip takes the weapon or fells him.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|10|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|11|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|9|lbl=166r.9}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|10|lbl=18r.10}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 24th Figure:}} If an opponent charges you to both sides, turn around left and thus he rightly comes.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|9|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|11|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 074v.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|10|lbl=166r.10}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|11|lbl=18r.11}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>The 25th Figure: {{red|Be mindful to take and hold the messer.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|12|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|1|lbl=75r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|11|lbl=166r.11}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|12|lbl=18r.12}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|The 26th Figure:}} Grasp over an opponent who falls upon you or ride against him.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 023r.jpg|13|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|13|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.341 075r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166r.jpg|12|lbl=166r.12}}
 
| {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|13|lbl=18r.13}}
 
 
|-
 
| class="noline" | <p>{{red|If you want to grasp, you should not fail to ride beside him. Execute the Sun Pointer to the left sleeve if you want to bend.}}</p>
 
 
<p>Who attacks you with that, grasp over against him and he will be shamed. Press the arm to the head. This grip often robs the saddle.</p>
 
| class="noline" |
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 008r.jpg|14|lbl=08r}}
 
| class="noline" |
 
| class="noline" |
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 018v.jpg|14|lbl=18r.14}}
 
  
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 02:30, 10 May 2025

Die Zettel
The Recital
Johannes Liechtenauer.png
Full Title A Recital on the Chivalric
Art of Fencing
Ascribed to Johannes Liechtenauer
Illustrated by Unknown
Date Fifteenth century (?)
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Johannes Liechtenauer (Hans Lichtenauer, Lichtnawer) was a 15th century German fencing master. No direct record of his life or teachings currently exists, and all that we know of both comes from the writings of other masters and scholars. The only account of his life was written by the anonymous author of the Pol Hausbuch, one of the oldest texts in the tradition, who stated that "Master Liechtenauer learnt and mastered the Art in a thorough and rightful way, but he did not invent and put together this Art (as was just stated). Instead, he traveled and searched many countries with the will of learning and mastering this rightful and true Art." He may have been alive at the time of the creation of the fencing treatise contained in the Pol Hausbuch, as that source is the only one to fail to accompany his name with a blessing for the dead.

Liechtenauer was described by many later masters as the "high master" or "grand master" of the art, and a long poem called the Zettel ("Recital") is generally attributed to him by these masters. Later masters in the tradition often wrote extensive glosses (commentaries) on this poem, using it to structure their own martial teachings. Liechtenauer's influence on the German fencing tradition as we currently understand it is almost impossible to overstate. The masters on Paulus Kal's roll of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer were responsible for most of the most significant fencing manuals of the 15th century, and Liechtenauer and his teachings were also the focus of the German fencing guilds that arose in the 15th and 16th centuries, including the Marxbrüder and the Veiterfechter.

Additional facts have sometimes been presumed about Liechtenauer based on often-problematic premises. The Pol Hausbuch, often erroneously dated to 1389 and presumed to be written by a direct student of Liechtenauer's, has been treated as evidence placing Liechtenauer's career in the mid-1300s.[1] However, given that the Pol Hausbuch may date as late as 1494 and the earliest records of the identifiable members of his tradition appear in the mid 1400s, it seems more probable that Liechtenauer's career occurred toward the beginning of the 15th century. Ignoring the Pol Hausbuch as being of indeterminate date, the oldest version of the Recital that is attributed to Liechtenauer was recorded by Hans Talhoffer in the MS Chart.A.558 (ca. 1448), which further supports this timeline.[2]

Treatise

Liechtenauer's teachings are preserved in a long poem of rhyming couplets called the Zettel ("Recital"), covering fencing with the "long" or extended sword (i.e. with both hands at one end of the sword), the "short" or withdrawn sword (i.e. with one hand at either end), and on horseback. These "obscure and cryptic words" were designed to prevent the uninitiated from learning the techniques they represented; they also seem to have offered a system of mnemonic devices to those who understood their significance. The Recital was treated as the core of the Art by his students, and masters such as Sigmund ain Ringeck, Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt, and Lew wrote extensive glosses that sought to clarify and expand upon these teachings.

In addition to the verses on mounted fencing, several treatises in the Liechtenauer tradition include a group of twenty-six "figures" (figuren)—phrases that are shorter than Liechtenauer's couplets and often arranged into the format of a Medieval tree diagram. These figures seem to encode the same teachings as the verses of the mounted fencing, and both are quoted in the mounted glosses. However, figures follow a very different structure than the Zettel does, and seem to present an alternative sequence for studying Liechtenauer's techniques. It is not known why the mounted fencing is the only section of the Recital to receive figures in addition to verse.

Seventeen manuscripts contain a presentation of at least one section of the Recital as a distinct (unglossed) section; there are dozens more presentations of the verse as part of one of the several glosses. The longest version of the Recital by far is actually found in one of these glosses, that of Pseudo-Hans Döbringer, which contains almost twice as many verses as any other; however, given that the additional verses tend to either be repetitions from elsewhere in the Recital or use a very different style from Liechtenauer's work, they are generally treated as additions by the anonymous author or his instructor rather than being part of the original Recital. The other surviving versions of the Recital from all periods show a high degree of consistency in both content and organization, excepting only the much shorter version attributed to H. Beringer (which is also included in the writings of Hans Folz).

The following concordance tables include only those texts that quote Liechtenauer's Recital in an unglossed form.[3] Most manuscripts present the Recital as prose, and those have had the text separated out into the original verses to offer a consistent view. For ease of use, this page breaks the general Wiktenauer rule that column format remain consistent across all tables on a page; the sheer number of Liechtenauer sources made this convention entirely unworkable, with more columns empty than filled, so instead the long sword table uses one layout, the mounted and short sword tables use another, and the figures use a third.

Note: This article includes a prior (2010) version of Christian Tobler's translation. A revised version of the translation was published in 2021 by Freelance Academy Press as part of The Peter von Danzig Fight Book; it can be purchased in hardcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. p6
  2. There is one version of the Recital that predates Talhoffer's, recorded in MS G.B.f.18a (ca. 1418-28) and attributed to an H. Beringer; this also conforms to a 15th century timeline and suggests the possibility that Liechtenauer was himself an inheritor of the teachings contained in the Zettel rather than its original composer (presentations of the Recital that are entirely unattributed exist in other 15th and 16th century manuscripts). Alternatively, the Beringer verse, which includes only portions of the Recital on the Long Sword, may represent just one of the teachings that Liechtenauer received and compiled over the course of the journeys described in the Pol Hausbuch.
  3. The figures are often given as a preamble for the gloss of Lew, and a fragment of the short sword to the teachings of Martin Huntsfeld, but those instances will not be included below and instead treated as part of those treatises.
  4. This couplet might instead have been intended to be combined with the previous one as two very long lines of a single couplet: "ettlich biderman in anden hanten veder ben / kunt er chunst er mocht wol eren erwerb".
  5. Text adds an additional couplet: "kündt er kunst er möcht ere erwerben".
  6. First letter almost illegible.
  7. First letter illegible.
  8. This couplet seems to replace the first line of couplet 15, leaving the second line of 15 as an orphan.
  9. Text terminates at this point. The leaves with the rest of the text are missing.
  10. l corrected from t.
  11. kam
  12. deinen
  13. faler
  14. There is no space between "Dupliere" and "doniden", the "D" was possibly added later.
  15. Corrected from »Im«.
  16. The text doubles the title of this section.
  17. This line might instead have been intended to be combined with the previous ones as two lines of a single couplet: "den elenbog nym in der waug / und mach den fäler nit träg".
  18. Corrected from »wir«.
  19. Corrected from »twir«.
  20. haust
  21. These three fragments of lines were probably intended to be combined into a single line: "Zwifach mit macht virbas".
  22. Talhoffer adds an additional couplet: [4r] 
    So machst du in wol betöwben
    Die fallerin kunst berowben
  23. This line might instead have been intended to be combined with the previous ones as two lines of a single couplet: "nun lerne in daß / den alten schnit mit macht".
  24. Hier hat der Schreiber offensichtlich ein Häkchen vergessen.
  25. should be "dreffen"
  26. This section is followed by one titled "Von durchlauffen ab seczen", which repeat the verse on Absetzen.
  27. Illegible word. Could be read as either ‘zo’ or ‘w’. In the glosses on 37r it says ‘zw’.
  28. A guide letter “w” is visible under the “U” (apparently ignored by the rubricator), making the intended word “Wer”.
  29. Covering a deletion.