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<p>Is executed thus: break loose with your right arm and turn around with him a little, and then quickly pull him towards you, and lift your right arm as high as you can, and reach over his right arm around his back and step behind him with your right foot and sweep him with the knee, then you will throw him on his back.</p>
 
<p>Is executed thus: break loose with your right arm and turn around with him a little, and then quickly pull him towards you, and lift your right arm as high as you can, and reach over his right arm around his back and step behind him with your right foot and sweep him with the knee, then you will throw him on his back.</p>
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| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 127v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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Line 2,660: Line 2,662:
  
 
<p>Is done thus: free your right arm and go around him a little, and push him away hard. Then quickly pull him towards you, and put your right hand on the outside of his right knee, put your right shoulder on his right arm, lower him down, that way you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>Is done thus: free your right arm and go around him a little, and push him away hard. Then quickly pull him towards you, and put your right hand on the outside of his right knee, put your right shoulder on his right arm, lower him down, that way you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.</p>
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Line 2,673: Line 2,677:
  
 
<p>As before, break free with your right arm, and push your opponent away from you forcefully, then quickly pull him towards you, put your right hand on the outside of his right knee and put your right shoulder under his right arm and push him down to the ground, that way you will throw him to the ground.</p>
 
<p>As before, break free with your right arm, and push your opponent away from you forcefully, then quickly pull him towards you, put your right hand on the outside of his right knee and put your right shoulder under his right arm and push him down to the ground, that way you will throw him to the ground.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 128r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 096v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 096v.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,684: Line 2,690:
  
 
<p>If someone goes down into the scales and hinders you to do any traverse technique mentioned above, then break free your right arm, and make a lock-hold on his right arm. Then, if you pull him backwards, you will break his arm. Even this can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If someone goes down into the scales and hinders you to do any traverse technique mentioned above, then break free your right arm, and make a lock-hold on his right arm. Then, if you pull him backwards, you will break his arm. Even this can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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Line 2,696: Line 2,704:
  
 
<p>When you wrestle with someone and you both hold each other with straight arms, then grab with your left hand on his left wrist, and twist it around, and grab his right elbow with your right hand and step forward with the right foot, you break his arm. This can also be done from the other side.</p>
 
<p>When you wrestle with someone and you both hold each other with straight arms, then grab with your left hand on his left wrist, and twist it around, and grab his right elbow with your right hand and step forward with the right foot, you break his arm. This can also be done from the other side.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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Line 2,708: Line 2,718:
  
 
<p>When you wrestle with someone with extended arms, then lower yourself into the scale, and do not let him get under you. If he then tries to grapple after a traverse, then grab his elbow push him from you, and step in front of him with one foot, then you will throw him on face first. This can be executed on both sides as well.</p>
 
<p>When you wrestle with someone with extended arms, then lower yourself into the scale, and do not let him get under you. If he then tries to grapple after a traverse, then grab his elbow push him from you, and step in front of him with one foot, then you will throw him on face first. This can be executed on both sides as well.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 128v.png|3|lbl=-}} {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 129r.png|1|lbl=129r}}
 
{{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 128v.png|3|lbl=-}} {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 129r.png|1|lbl=129r}}
Line 2,720: Line 2,732:
  
 
<p>When you are wrestling with someone who is strong and is not able to do any good techniques, then make sure as soon as you get free of him, strike with your inward turned arm on his inward turned arm from the outside, and underneath you grip his left leg, that way you break his arm. This can be executed on both sides.</p>
 
<p>When you are wrestling with someone who is strong and is not able to do any good techniques, then make sure as soon as you get free of him, strike with your inward turned arm on his inward turned arm from the outside, and underneath you grip his left leg, that way you break his arm. This can be executed on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 192v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 193r.jpg|1|lbl=193r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 129r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 129r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 097r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 097r.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,731: Line 2,745:
  
 
<p>If you wrestle someone with outstretched arms and he will not let you do any traverse technique, then break free from him and walk around him a bit, and then push him forcefully and then quickly pull him towards you, and put your head in under his right arm, and reach with your right arm around his right foot and lift him up.</p>
 
<p>If you wrestle someone with outstretched arms and he will not let you do any traverse technique, then break free from him and walk around him a bit, and then push him forcefully and then quickly pull him towards you, and put your head in under his right arm, and reach with your right arm around his right foot and lift him up.</p>
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| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 129v.png|1|lbl=129v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 129v.png|1|lbl=129v}}
 
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Line 2,743: Line 2,759:
  
 
<p>If anyone has grabbed hold of you as described above, then pull your foot far away from you and lay on top of him and make yourself heavy, while you make sure he cannot reach any of your feet. Then, if you turn around with him you throw him to the ground.</p>
 
<p>If anyone has grabbed hold of you as described above, then pull your foot far away from you and lay on top of him and make yourself heavy, while you make sure he cannot reach any of your feet. Then, if you turn around with him you throw him to the ground.</p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 193r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 2,760: Line 2,778:
  
 
<p>If your opponent lays himself on top of you in above mentioned way, then grab around both his arms firmly, turn around behind his back, and extend your legs far, and you will throw him on his back. This technique can be executed on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If your opponent lays himself on top of you in above mentioned way, then grab around both his arms firmly, turn around behind his back, and extend your legs far, and you will throw him on his back. This technique can be executed on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 193r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 130r.png|1|lbl=130r}}
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 097v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 097v.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,771: Line 2,791:
  
 
<p>When your opponent lays himself on top of you so heavily that you cannot free yourself from him, then grab hold around both his arms as hard as you can. Then quickly stoop down and thrust your head into his stomach with all your might, and throw him face first over your back thus.</p>
 
<p>When your opponent lays himself on top of you so heavily that you cannot free yourself from him, then grab hold around both his arms as hard as you can. Then quickly stoop down and thrust your head into his stomach with all your might, and throw him face first over your back thus.</p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 193r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 130r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 130r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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Line 2,783: Line 2,805:
  
 
<p>When you wrestle with someone out of equal holds, then lower yourself into the scales, but do not close your arms, as you will use them. When your opponent then wants to lift you up with force, then wait until he lower himself down and bends the knee, then sweep it with your own knee from outside, and you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>When you wrestle with someone out of equal holds, then lower yourself into the scales, but do not close your arms, as you will use them. When your opponent then wants to lift you up with force, then wait until he lower himself down and bends the knee, then sweep it with your own knee from outside, and you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 193v.jpg|1|lbl=193v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 130v.png|1|lbl=130v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 130v.png|1|lbl=130v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 098r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 098r.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,794: Line 2,818:
  
 
<p>If someone has swept your knee as described above, so that you must fall, then make sure to hold firmly with your right arm, and stretch out your leg far underneath, and throw yourself forcefully and put the left hand on the ground. That way you will throw your opponent over you. This technique is called with-fall, and the third foot, and it can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If someone has swept your knee as described above, so that you must fall, then make sure to hold firmly with your right arm, and stretch out your leg far underneath, and throw yourself forcefully and put the left hand on the ground. That way you will throw your opponent over you. This technique is called with-fall, and the third foot, and it can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 193v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 130v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 130v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 098r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 098r.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,805: Line 2,831:
  
 
<p>If you wrestle with someone strong in equal holds, and he lifts you up hard, then grab behind his chin with your left hand and push him from you. As soon as lets go of you, grab his wrist with your right hand and step forward with your right foot, that way you will throw him as well as break/dislocate his arm. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If you wrestle with someone strong in equal holds, and he lifts you up hard, then grab behind his chin with your left hand and push him from you. As soon as lets go of you, grab his wrist with your right hand and step forward with your right foot, that way you will throw him as well as break/dislocate his arm. This can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 193v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 194r.jpg|1|lbl=194r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 131r.png|1|lbl=131r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 131r.png|1|lbl=131r}}
 
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Line 2,817: Line 2,845:
  
 
<p>When your opponent is holding you in the same manner, and has both arms closed together, and is about to step forward, then grab your right hand with your left, and pull it forward, then you break/dislocate his arm. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>When your opponent is holding you in the same manner, and has both arms closed together, and is about to step forward, then grab your right hand with your left, and pull it forward, then you break/dislocate his arm. This can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 194r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 131r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 131r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 098v.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,828: Line 2,858:
  
 
<p>When you are wrestling someone on equal holds, then note that as soon as he wants to pull you towards him or press you, you grab hold of his right arm with both of yours, and put your shoulder under his right arm. If he then wants to pull you over with force, then make sure that you grab hold of one of his legs. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>When you are wrestling someone on equal holds, then note that as soon as he wants to pull you towards him or press you, you grab hold of his right arm with both of yours, and put your shoulder under his right arm. If he then wants to pull you over with force, then make sure that you grab hold of one of his legs. This can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 194r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 131v.png|1|lbl=131v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 131v.png|1|lbl=131v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 098v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 098v.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,840: Line 2,872:
  
 
<p>If your opponent is stronger than you, and is about to lift one of your legs up forcefully, then put your leg around his leg. If someone on the other hand has closed his leg around yours, then lift up his foot and pull it towards you. If you then sweep his free leg with your closed legs, he will fall backwards. This can be done on the other side as well.</p>
 
<p>If your opponent is stronger than you, and is about to lift one of your legs up forcefully, then put your leg around his leg. If someone on the other hand has closed his leg around yours, then lift up his foot and pull it towards you. If you then sweep his free leg with your closed legs, he will fall backwards. This can be done on the other side as well.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 194r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 131v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 131v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
Line 2,851: Line 2,885:
  
 
<p>If you wrestle with someone who is stronger than you, make sure above all that you hook his leg well, and thrust him backwards, and then pull him towards you again, then sweep the leg you hooked, and you will then throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If you wrestle with someone who is stronger than you, make sure above all that you hook his leg well, and thrust him backwards, and then pull him towards you again, then sweep the leg you hooked, and you will then throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 194v.jpg|1|lbl=194v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132r.png|1|lbl=132r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132r.png|1|lbl=132r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,862: Line 2,898:
  
 
<p>When you wrestle with a strong opponent, and he hooks your leg with force, then pull him towards you as hard as you can with right hand and step with your hooked leg on top of his free foot, and push him away from you above, you will throw him on his face.</p>
 
<p>When you wrestle with a strong opponent, and he hooks your leg with force, then pull him towards you as hard as you can with right hand and step with your hooked leg on top of his free foot, and push him away from you above, you will throw him on his face.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 194v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099r.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,873: Line 2,911:
  
 
<p>If someone has hooked your leg, and grabbed you by your free arm, and wants to throw you, then grab him with your lower arm from behind over his arm and push him forward, then you break his arm and throws him face first. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If someone has hooked your leg, and grabbed you by your free arm, and wants to throw you, then grab him with your lower arm from behind over his arm and push him forward, then you break his arm and throws him face first. This can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 194v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132v.png|1|lbl=132v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132v.png|1|lbl=132v}}
 
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Line 2,885: Line 2,925:
  
 
<p>If you see that your opponent wants to bring you out of the leg hook, then quickly stretch out hard on him, step with the same foot before him and twist your hip into his groin and grab him with your left hand behind his leg. That way you will throw him over your back. This can be done from both sides.</p>
 
<p>If you see that your opponent wants to bring you out of the leg hook, then quickly stretch out hard on him, step with the same foot before him and twist your hip into his groin and grab him with your left hand behind his leg. That way you will throw him over your back. This can be done from both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 194v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,896: Line 2,938:
  
 
<p>If your opponent is faster than you and gets both his arm underneath yours and wants to throw you over or press you down, then grab his head with both hands and thrust it up and away from you, that way you will break his neck.</p>
 
<p>If your opponent is faster than you and gets both his arm underneath yours and wants to throw you over or press you down, then grab his head with both hands and thrust it up and away from you, that way you will break his neck.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195r.jpg|1|lbl=195r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 132v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,907: Line 2,951:
  
 
<p>If your opponent grabs you with his left hand on your collar and with his right hand underneath by the jacket, then grab with your left hand in the wrist on his left hand, turn around and put your right elbow on top if his arm and press him down. That can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If your opponent grabs you with his left hand on your collar and with his right hand underneath by the jacket, then grab with your left hand in the wrist on his left hand, turn around and put your right elbow on top if his arm and press him down. That can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133r.png|1|lbl=133r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133r.png|1|lbl=133r}}
 
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Line 2,919: Line 2,965:
  
 
<p>If someone lowers his left arm and hinders you from turning around, then grab around his right arm with both your arms from below near by the wrist heave him up, that way you will break his arm. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If someone lowers his left arm and hinders you from turning around, then grab around his right arm with both your arms from below near by the wrist heave him up, that way you will break his arm. This can be done on both sides.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100r.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,930: Line 2,978:
  
 
<p>If someone embraces you behind the back while you wrestle, then quickly grab him by the hair with both your hands over your head, and throw him over your head. If you want to counter this, then grab hold of both his elbows and pull him backwards or bend your head down as far as you can, so that he cannot reach your hair.</p>
 
<p>If someone embraces you behind the back while you wrestle, then quickly grab him by the hair with both your hands over your head, and throw him over your head. If you want to counter this, then grab hold of both his elbows and pull him backwards or bend your head down as far as you can, so that he cannot reach your hair.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,941: Line 2,991:
  
 
<p>If someone holds you so firmly that you cannot reach his hair, then hit him in the face, lower yourself down quickly and step with one foot behind him, that way you will throw your opponent on his back. That can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>If someone holds you so firmly that you cannot reach his hair, then hit him in the face, lower yourself down quickly and step with one foot behind him, that way you will throw your opponent on his back. That can be done on both sides.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195v.jpg|1|lbl=195v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133v.png|1|lbl=133v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133v.png|1|lbl=133v}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,953: Line 3,005:
  
 
<p>If someone holds you firmly and stands in the scales, and will not allow you to step underneath him, then grab him by one of his fingers, and break it loose. This however must be kept secret and never be used except in dire emergency.</p>
 
<p>If someone holds you firmly and stands in the scales, and will not allow you to step underneath him, then grab him by one of his fingers, and break it loose. This however must be kept secret and never be used except in dire emergency.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
Line 2,964: Line 3,018:
  
 
<p>If someone grabs around your chest in front of you, and has both of his arms under yours, then grab him with one hand in his collar and put one finger in his throat, then he must let go of you, and you can go under him, or throw him on his back.</p>
 
<p>If someone grabs around your chest in front of you, and has both of his arms under yours, then grab him with one hand in his collar and put one finger in his throat, then he must let go of you, and you can go under him, or throw him on his back.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 133v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100v.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,975: Line 3,031:
  
 
<p>If someone has grabbed you by the collar from behind and tries to hold you or stab you, then put your left hand on top of his hand in the wrist(?) and twist it around, put your right elbow on top of his arm and thrust down, then you break his arm. This can be done from both sides.</p>
 
<p>If someone has grabbed you by the collar from behind and tries to hold you or stab you, then put your left hand on top of his hand in the wrist(?) and twist it around, put your right elbow on top of his arm and thrust down, then you break his arm. This can be done from both sides.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
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 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134r.png|1|lbl=134r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134r.png|1|lbl=134r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 100v.png|4|lbl=-}}
Line 2,986: Line 3,044:
  
 
<p>When someone grabs you by the collar then turn to your left, and thrust with your right hand into his elbow and step with your left foot before him, that way you will throw him on his face. This can be done on both sides.</p>
 
<p>When someone grabs you by the collar then turn to your left, and thrust with your right hand into his elbow and step with your left foot before him, that way you will throw him on his face. This can be done on both sides.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 195v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 196r.jpg|1|lbl=196r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
Line 2,997: Line 3,057:
  
 
<p>When you wrestle with someone and you notice that he is about to punch you, then move both your hands to your belly, and step towards him. When he then tries to hit you in the face, catch the punch with the open palm of your right hand, and advance on him as follows below.</p>
 
<p>When you wrestle with someone and you notice that he is about to punch you, then move both your hands to your belly, and step towards him. When he then tries to hit you in the face, catch the punch with the open palm of your right hand, and advance on him as follows below.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 196r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,008: Line 3,070:
  
 
<p>When you have parried the blow with your right hand, step in deep with your right foot behind his right foot in the traverse, then you will throw him on his back.</p>
 
<p>When you have parried the blow with your right hand, step in deep with your right foot behind his right foot in the traverse, then you will throw him on his back.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
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 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 196r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134v.png|1|lbl=134v}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134v.png|1|lbl=134v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,023: Line 3,087:
  
 
<p>When someone tries to punch you in the face, then (parry and catch as before) and strike with your fist outstretched under his collar, and then grab around his leg with your right arm, and you will throw him on his back.</p>
 
<p>When someone tries to punch you in the face, then (parry and catch as before) and strike with your fist outstretched under his collar, and then grab around his leg with your right arm, and you will throw him on his back.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 196r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 3,035: Line 3,101:
  
 
<p>When your opponent tries to hit you, then catch the blow with the outside of the hand, and push him backwards with all your might. Then catch with your left hand from underneath around his right arm, and step behind his right foot with your left foot, that way you will throw him on his back and break his arm.</p>
 
<p>When your opponent tries to hit you, then catch the blow with the outside of the hand, and push him backwards with all your might. Then catch with your left hand from underneath around his right arm, and step behind his right foot with your left foot, that way you will throw him on his back and break his arm.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 196r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 196v.jpg|1|lbl=196v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 134v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,047: Line 3,115:
  
 
<p>When someone has grabbed hold of your hair, then grab with your left hand over both of his hands onto the wrist of his right hand and with your right hand underneath on his elbow. Then, if you twist his arm upward, you will get free of him and break his arm.</p>
 
<p>When someone has grabbed hold of your hair, then grab with your left hand over both of his hands onto the wrist of his right hand and with your right hand underneath on his elbow. Then, if you twist his arm upward, you will get free of him and break his arm.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 196v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 135r.png|1|lbl=135r}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 135r.png|1|lbl=135r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101v.png|3|lbl=-}}
Line 3,058: Line 3,128:
  
 
<p>When both of you have grabbed each other by the hair, then grab hold of him as before, and twist his left hand on your right arm, and press down hard, and then hit him in the neck with your left hand.</p>
 
<p>When both of you have grabbed each other by the hair, then grab hold of him as before, and twist his left hand on your right arm, and press down hard, and then hit him in the neck with your left hand.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
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 +
{{section|Page:MS E.1939.65.354 196v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 135r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|page:MS Dresd.C.94 135r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10826 101v.png|4|lbl=-}}

Revision as of 04:00, 23 August 2018

Ott Jud
Born date of birth unknown
Died 1448-52 (?)
Occupation Wrestling master
Ethnicity Jewish
Patron princes of Austria
Movement Fellowship of Liechtenauer
Genres Wrestling manual
Language Early New High German
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Ott Jud was a 15th century German wrestling master. His name signifies that he was a Jew, and several versions of his treatise (including the oldest one) state that he was baptized Christian.[1] Paulus Kal describes him as the wrestling master to the princes of Austria, and names him as a member of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer in 1470.[2] While Ott's precise lifetime is uncertain, he may have still been alive when Hans Talhoffer included the Gotha version in his fencing manual in ca. 1448, but seems to have died some time before the creation of the Rome version in 1452.[3]

Ott's treatise on grappling is repeated throughout all of the early German treatise compilations and seems to have become the dominant work on the subject within the Liechtenauer tradition.

Treatise

It is difficult to say when Ott's treatise was written, and the original is certainly lost at present. The oldest extant copy is the Gotha version, which was included in a manuscript in the 1440s alongside works by Johannes Hartlieb, Hans Talhoffer, and others. The Gotha version is decidedly incomplete compared to other early renditions, suggesting that Ott was not directly involved despite its proximity to his career. Gotha was copied into several further manuscripts, including the New York (16th century), the Göttingen (17th century), and the Munich II (ca. 1820); since these are all direct copies, they offer little additional help in understanding Ott's work (apart from evidence of its continued transmission).

Two copies of Ott's work date to the 1450s, the Augsburg and Rome versions. Here we see the art of

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. The Gotha version, as well as the Augsburg, Vienna, and Glasgow versions, all use the term tauffter Jud, "baptized Jew".
  2. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. His name lacks the traditional blessing on the dead in Talhoffer, but receives it in the Rome (see folio 100v).
  4. vor ringen
  5. mit ringen
  6. nach ringen
  7. This is not a true transcription of the first fragment of Ott in Wassmannsdorff's manuscript. It in, instead, Wassmannsdorff's transcription of the Augsburg version, modified according to the differences he notes in his apparatus. It is placed here to offer a rough idea of the contents of this section in the absence of the actual manuscript or complete transcription. Note that the terminus at paragraph 22 isn't definitely the end of the fragment, but rather the final paragraph with relevant footnotes.
  8. das Wort »auf« ist nachträglich in anderer Handschrift klein über der Zeile zwischen den Wörtern eingefügt worden.
  9. Corrected from »deinem«.
  10. Corrected from »dein«.
  11. Korrigiert aus »rechtenn«.
  12. Korrigiert aus »rechtz«.
  13. Corrected from »dein«.
  14. There is obviously a mistake in the text. This is evident from the von Speyer version of the Ott text, which says to hold his left arm with your right. In the Goliath manuscript the relevant text says: "grab his right arm with your left hand firmly and come with your right hand to help your left". Taking into consideration the subsequent instruction on the direction of the turning through, the last record of Ott’s teaching seems to be the most logical and credible.
  15. wendt dich durch
  16. German has vallen - may be intended as "speciem".
  17. This play is placed before the previous counter in Rome and Krakow, but following Augsburg, it appears to be a second counter to the same action.
  18. This is clearly a scribal error for unndter. However, it is also clear that the text reads “vindter”. In this case, note that the following title “Unndten durchfarn” is spelled correctly.
  19. Salzburg and Vienna I insert three plays before this one, which are included below.Template:Error:add text
  20. corrected from »sein«
  21. nym Im das gewicht
  22. The Rome version places this text before the previous play.
  23. This is clearly a scribal error for unndter. However, it is also clear that the text reads “vindter”.
  24. Ribs.
  25. The phrase "seinen linngen arm auß, mit deiner rechten hannd, von oben nider, vnnd begreif ime damit" is struck through on MS Dresd.C.94 118r, but this manuscript's scribe seems to have not recognized that.
  26. This is the title given in Dresden. Gotha and Rome have Ein pruch wider das schrencken or "a counter to the barrier", while Glasgow gives Ein pruch wider Sterck, "a counter against strength".
  27. The words "In sein" are transposed, with marking indicating that they should be reversed.
  28. Schranck
  29. Should be "his right side" (against your left), which follows the preceding rhyme.
  30. S. S. 153, 43.
  31. Corrected from »seinem«
  32. The manuscript only says “vnd”.
  33. S. S. 153, 44.
  34. The above word “reiben” (rub, as in “drehen”, ‘turn’, ‘twist’) is clarified by the word “prechen”.
  35. S. S. 153, 45 and 46.
  36. Append: “linken Bein”.
  37. “deine”.
  38. S. S. 153, 47.
  39. An dieser Stelle bricht der Text ab.
  40. “klein (groβ).”
  41. Missing word, error: “Seite”.
  42. S. S. 154, 48.
  43. S. S. 154, 49.
  44. S. S. 154, 50.
  45. S. S. 155, 51.
  46. S. S. 155, 52.
  47. Dresden differs here
  48. “kannst du”.
  49. S.S. 155, 53.
  50. S. S. 155, 54.
  51. Possibly “und erfahe”, or simply “und fahe”.
  52. S.S. 155, 55.
  53. The words "seitten oder" are probably because of carelessness of the scribe.
  54. S. S. 156, 58.
  55. Interpret as “ihn”.
  56. Interpret as “Linken”.
  57. Read: “oberhalb des”.
  58. “Eile ihm”.
  59. Should be "Goller"
  60. play
  61. Possibly: für was (wofür)?
  62. ‘ohne’
  63. ‘Stangenwerfen (==schieben) und Steinstoβen.
  64. Talhoffer mentions “stainwerffen vnd stainschüben” in his list of exercises within his own vorrede.
  65. Could this be a reference to the oldest printed Fightbook, Paurnfeindt’s ‘Ergrundung Ritterlicher kunst der Fechterey’ (Vienna 1516), whose author concludes with ‘auszug dizer Ritterlichen kunst’?
  66. ‘beiwohnt’.
  67. Paurenfeindt offers his students his Fechtbuch in the same hope, that “von tag czu tag czu merren vnd bessern” (from day to day, to increase and improve).
  68. Auerswald, Berlin Ringbuch & Munich Ringbuch all begin with this affirmation: “In Sant Jorgen namen heb an. Und schaw zum ersten ob der man hoch oder nider gange das ist des ringens anefang.”
  69. Should be "his right side" (against your left), which follows the preceding rhyme.
  70. S. S. 153, 43.
  71. Missing “umb”, as in “Dich umfangen ist – dich umfängt.”
  72. The manuscript only says “vnd”.
  73. S. S. 153, 44.
  74. Should be read as “Aber”.
  75. The above word “reiben” (rub, as in “drehen”, ‘turn’, ‘twist’) is clarified by the word “prechen”.
  76. S. S. 153, 45 and 46.
  77. Should be read as “gan”.
  78. Append: “linken Bein”.
  79. “deine”.
  80. S. S. 153, 47.
  81. That is: ‘durch die seitten’.
  82. “Beiten”, is the dialect of the text for “warten”. In Rückert’s Makamen, the Schoolmaster from Hims (Schulmeister von Hims) states “beaten ist ein Wort für weilen, alt und gut; wähle nach Gefallen zwischen beiden”.
  83. “können”.
  84. “klein (groβ).”
  85. Missing word, error: “Seite”.
  86. S. S. 154, 48.
  87. In the manuscript, the remaining plays of Ott are included without a poetic rendering before this concluding section. It cannot be determined from the transcription whether space was left for those paragraphs to be rendered into verse.
  88. Lit: ‘lie down’
  89. Should be “denn”.
  90. Should be “euch”.
  91. “Wollen”.
  92. This paragraph is identical to the next one, which is probably an error since Mayr has a different paragraph here.
  93. Which is what?