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Difference between revisions of "Paulus Kal"

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| [[File:Cgm 1507 55r.jpg|250px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 55r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p> If he parries you simultaneously with the blade, then fall over his hand with your pommel and tear after his neck.</p>
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| <p> If he parries you equally with the blade, then fall over his hand with your pommel and tear after his neck.</p>
 
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| [[File:Cgm 1507 74r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>Simultaneous binding-on, so step in long and catch his arm with his messer, and throw him over the hip, or strike him.</p>
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| <p>Equal binding-on, so step in long and catch his arm with his messer, and throw him over the hip, or strike him.</p>
 
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| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|74r|jpg}}
 
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| [[File:Cgm 1507 81r.jpg|250px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 81r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>The first state in which one should go for wrestling.</p>
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| <p>How you shall position yourself in the first stance in the wrestling.</p>
 
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| [[File:Cgm 1507 81v.jpg|250px|center]]
 
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| <p>The strike away with a simultaneous hold.</p>
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| <p>The striking-off in an equal hold.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|81v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|81v|jpg}}
 
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| [[File:Cgm 1507 82r.jpg|250px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 82r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>The strike out with a simultaneous hold.</p>
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| <p>The striking-out in an equal hold.</p>
 
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| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|82r|jpg}}
 
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| [[File:Cgm 1507 82v.jpg|250px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 82v.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>The first hip wrestling at the neck.</p>
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| <p>The first hip wrestling by the neck.</p>
 
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| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|82v|jpg}}
 
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| [[File:Cgm 1507 83r.jpg|250px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cgm 1507 83r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>And the break.</p>
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| <p>The counter over that.</p>
 
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| [[File:Cod.S.554 116.jpg|200px|center]]
 
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| <p>The second hip wrestling over his shoulder.</p>
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| <p>The second hip wrestling over the shoulder.</p>
 
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| [[File:Cod.S.554 117.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.S.554 117.jpg|200px|center]]
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| <p>And the break.</p>
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| <p>The counter over that.</p>
 
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| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|84r|jpg}}
 
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| [[File:Cod.S.554 118.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.S.554 118.jpg|200px|center]]
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| <p>The third hip wrestling on the elbow with a closed arm.</p>
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| <p>The third hip wrestling over the elbow and the arm locked.</p>
 
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| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|84v|jpg}}
 
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| [[File:Cod.S.554 119.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.S.554 119.jpg|200px|center]]
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| <p>And the break.</p>
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| <p>The counter over that.</p>
 
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| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|85r|jpg}}
 
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| [[File:Cod.S.554 120.jpg|200px|center]]
 
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| <p>The fourth hip wrestling to the thigh.</p>
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| <p>The fourth hip wrestling after the thigh.</p>
 
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| [[File:Cod.S.554 121.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:Cod.S.554 121.jpg|200px|center]]
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| <p>And the break.</p>
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| <p>The counter over that.</p>
 
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| {{paget|Page:Cgm 1507|86r|jpg}}
 
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| <p>The slip through wrestling on both sides.</p>
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| <p>The slipping-through wrestling on both sides.</p>
 
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| <p>The break against any slip through.</p>
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| <p>The counter against all slipping through.</p>
 
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Revision as of 15:49, 30 September 2015

Paulus Kal
Born ca.1420s
Dingolfing, Germany
Died after 1485
Occupation
Patron
  • Ludwig IV "the Gentle"
  • Ludwig IX "the Rich"
  • Sigismund of Austria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences
Influenced Peter Falkner (?)
Genres
Language
Archetype(s)
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition		 Tobler, 2006
Concordance by Michael Chidester, Carsten Lorbeer, Julia Lorbeer, Andreas Meier, Marita Wiedner
Translations
Edition.jpg

Paulus Kal was a 15th century German fencing master. He wrote that he studied martial arts under Hans Stettner von Mörnsheim, and was an initiate of the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. He was also attached as Schirrmeister to three different courts in his career, serving in various military capacities including commanding men in at least three campaigns.[1] Perhaps his most significant legacy is an honor role of masters which he styled the Society of Liechtenauer (Geselschaft Liechtenauers). While many of these masters remain unknown, the several wrote treatises of their own and Kal's list stands as an independent confirmation of their connection to the grand master. Kal's treatise is also of interest in that it represents the first attempt to illustrate Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel).

Little is known of Kal's early life, but from 1440 to ca. 1449 he served Ludwig IV "the Gentle" of the Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of the Rhine. In 1448, while in the count's service he participated in the defense Nuremberg, commanding a unit of wheel cannons below the gates.[2] The Nuremberg Council notes from 17 March 1449 mention that he had broken the peace of the city at that time by drawing his weapons.[2]

Kal entered the service of Ludwig IX "the Rich" of the House of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, on 29 September 1450.[1] In 1461, he is mentioned commanding a unit of 12 marksmen.[2] From 1465 to 1475, he seems to have also maintained a secondary occupation as a toll collector in Dingolfing.[2] In November 1468, he participated in military actions on the castle Saldenburg, which was successfully taken on 4 December.[2] Kal is listed as a guest at the wedding of Ludwig's son George,[2] and continued in the duke's service until his death on 18 January 1479. Paulus Kal created the first two versions of his treatise while in the service of Ludwig IX, an uncaptioned version as well as a more elaborate presentation copy including brief explanations in German for most devices (many extracted from Liechtenauer's Recital).

On 12 February 1480, Paulus Kal entered the service of Sigismund of the House of Habsburg, Archduke of Austria and Tyrol.[1] Kal acted as one of the archduke's witnesses at a number of interrogations held on 17 October 1485 in Innsbruck, related to the witch trials being conducted by Heinrich Kramer at that time.[2] This is the final time that Kal's name appears in the histories. Several copies of Kal's treatise were created during the 1480s and 90s, but the only one which shows any indication of Kal's personal involvement is the extensive MS KK5126.

In total, Paulus Kal's teachings are preserved in at least six manuscripts written between 1460 and 1514. Aside from the three already mentioned, two other fragmentary, text-less copies also exist (one copied from the Bologna, and the other from an unknown source). A sixth version was sold at auction in Italy during the 20th century as individual leaves; this copy contains single-word captions in Latin or Italian and was likely based on either the Bologna or Vienna. In addition, Paulus Hector Mair based content in several sections of the Munich and Vienna versions of his Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica on Kal's treatise. Rather than using Kal's descriptions (if the copy he used had them), Mair wrote his own extensive commentary on the images. The precise set of images Mair drew upon do not appear in any of the six extant manuscripts, which may signify that there was once a seventh copy of Kal's work which has since been lost.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rainer Welle. "… und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. Und 16. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialhistorische und bewegungsbiographische Interpretation aufgrund der handschriften und gedruckten Ringlehren des Spätmittelalters." Forum für Sozialgeschichte 4. Pfaffenweiler, 1993. pp 243-253.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Jens P. Kleinau. Paulus Kal, a Schirrmeister. Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau, 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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