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Difference between revisions of "Johannes Lecküchner"

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| <p>[1] This is the art and charter on the Messer of Sir Hans Leckuchner of Nürnberg, which he did and put together himself, the text and the explanation of it.</p>
 
| <p>[1] This is the art and charter on the Messer of Sir Hans Leckuchner of Nürnberg, which he did and put together himself, the text and the explanation of it.</p>
 
| <p>This is the art and charter on the Messer of Sir Hans Leckuchner of Nürnberg, which he did and put together himself, the text and the explanation of it to His Highness Prince and Duke Philip, Count Palatine of Rhein, Arch-Cup-bearer and Prince Elector, and Duke in Bavaria.</p>
 
| <p>This is the art and charter on the Messer of Sir Hans Leckuchner of Nürnberg, which he did and put together himself, the text and the explanation of it to His Highness Prince and Duke Philip, Count Palatine of Rhein, Arch-Cup-bearer and Prince Elector, and Duke in Bavaria.</p>
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| <p>[2] </p>
 
| <p>[2] </p>
 
| <p>'''The foreword'''</p>
 
| <p>'''The foreword'''</p>
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| <p>[28] </p>
 
| <p>[28] </p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
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| <p>[29] </p>
 
| <p>[29] </p>
 
| <p>Then, do it this way: when he strikes from above from the right side to the head, strike from your right side<ref>Unnecessary repetition, a scribe’s mistake.</ref> also from above angrily<ref>I.e., rapidly</ref> above together to displace him. Then Let “simultaneously” your point shoot forwards towards his face or the chest and “simultaneously” turn your Messer against his, so that the long edge stands above and the short edge is below. If he becomes aware of the point, wind again the point on his left side towards the face, so that always the long edge is above. If he becomes aware of the point, pull up the Messer on the upper Messer’s blade against his Messer and strike to him at the other side to the head. This is called taking away on the Messer.</p>
 
| <p>Then, do it this way: when he strikes from above from the right side to the head, strike from your right side<ref>Unnecessary repetition, a scribe’s mistake.</ref> also from above angrily<ref>I.e., rapidly</ref> above together to displace him. Then Let “simultaneously” your point shoot forwards towards his face or the chest and “simultaneously” turn your Messer against his, so that the long edge stands above and the short edge is below. If he becomes aware of the point, wind again the point on his left side towards the face, so that always the long edge is above. If he becomes aware of the point, pull up the Messer on the upper Messer’s blade against his Messer and strike to him at the other side to the head. This is called taking away on the Messer.</p>
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| <p>[30] </p>
 
| <p>[30] </p>
 
| <p>'''The ''Zornhau Ort'' is turned against you<br/>strike the receipe: lower the long point and thrust at the chest.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''The ''Zornhau Ort'' is turned against you<br/>strike the receipe: lower the long point and thrust at the chest.'''</p>
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| <p>[31] </p>
 
| <p>[31] </p>
 
| <p>Then, if he delivers the ''Zornhau Ort'' to you and wants to thrust at your face, lower your Messer with straight arm and lower the point to his chest and push him well back and put the left leg well back.</p>
 
| <p>Then, if he delivers the ''Zornhau Ort'' to you and wants to thrust at your face, lower your Messer with straight arm and lower the point to his chest and push him well back and put the left leg well back.</p>
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| <p>[32] </p>
 
| <p>[32] </p>
  
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| <p>[33] </p>
 
| <p>[33] </p>
 
| <p>'''You should lower through the point<br/>weaken the head with reaching it with the cross stroke'''</p>
 
| <p>'''You should lower through the point<br/>weaken the head with reaching it with the cross stroke'''</p>
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| <p>[34] </p>
 
| <p>[34] </p>
 
| <p>'''If he wants to strike crosswise to the ears<br/>Lower the point down to the chest if you want to dupe him.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''If he wants to strike crosswise to the ears<br/>Lower the point down to the chest if you want to dupe him.'''</p>
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| <p>[35] Then, you can also do it with the short edge and also strike or you can strike to the head with the ''Entrüsthau'', as soon as you let the point sink, it all goes right, so that you can perform it rightfully.</p>
 
| <p>[35] Then, you can also do it with the short edge and also strike or you can strike to the head with the ''Entrüsthau'', as soon as you let the point sink, it all goes right, so that you can perform it rightfully.</p>
 
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| <p>[36] You can also do the doubling in it, which is also quite good in the work.</p>
 
| <p>[36] You can also do the doubling in it, which is also quite good in the work.</p>
 
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| <p>[37] </p>
 
| <p>[37] </p>
 
| <p>'''From the ''Zornhau'', learn to deliver low to the right<br/>Strike shortly or learn to cut through the mouth'''</p>
 
| <p>'''From the ''Zornhau'', learn to deliver low to the right<br/>Strike shortly or learn to cut through the mouth'''</p>
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| <p>[38] </p>
 
| <p>[38] </p>
 
| <p>'''If he has bound with the short edge<br/>Wind the point in the rightway so you will find him'''</p>
 
| <p>'''If he has bound with the short edge<br/>Wind the point in the rightway so you will find him'''</p>
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| <p>[39] </p>
 
| <p>[39] </p>
 
| <p>'''Learn to directly take away<br/>Strike a good deal long with the edge to the head'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Learn to directly take away<br/>Strike a good deal long with the edge to the head'''</p>
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| <p>[40] </p>
 
| <p>[40] </p>
 
| <p>'''If he has taken away straight on the Messer<br/>remember to step sideways<br/>Remain, strike, cut or thrust<br/>turn your flat on his one which breaks the takings away.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''If he has taken away straight on the Messer<br/>remember to step sideways<br/>Remain, strike, cut or thrust<br/>turn your flat on his one which breaks the takings away.'''</p>
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| <p>[41] </p>
 
| <p>[41] </p>
  
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| <p>[42] </p>
 
| <p>[42] </p>
 
| <p>Then, or drive with the flat of your Messer on his Messer during the taking away and strike to his head with the long edge. And notice, as you fall with the flat on his Messer, that you hit it cleanly. “Simultaneously” go high with the long edge and strike to his head, as it is depicted below.</p>
 
| <p>Then, or drive with the flat of your Messer on his Messer during the taking away and strike to his head with the long edge. And notice, as you fall with the flat on his Messer, that you hit it cleanly. “Simultaneously” go high with the long edge and strike to his head, as it is depicted below.</p>
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| <p>[43] '''Then, another breaking against the taking away:'''</p>
 
| <p>[43] '''Then, another breaking against the taking away:'''</p>
  
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| <p>[44] Then, another breaking: “simultaneously” as  he takes away, thrust at his face.</p>
 
| <p>[44] Then, another breaking: “simultaneously” as  he takes away, thrust at his face.</p>
 
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| <p>[45] </p>
 
| <p>[45] </p>
 
| <p>'''If you want to break the taking away with the flat of the Messer<br/>Wind in the rightway if you want to take revenge.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''If you want to break the taking away with the flat of the Messer<br/>Wind in the rightway if you want to take revenge.'''</p>
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| <p>[46] </p>
 
| <p>[46] </p>
 
| <p>'''If he wants to hurt you with taking away<br/>Learn to set the point to the face in the right way.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''If he wants to hurt you with taking away<br/>Learn to set the point to the face in the right way.'''</p>
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| <p>[47] </p>
 
| <p>[47] </p>
 
| <p>'''If he sets the point to the face to the right<br/>Lower the point, go straight to the chest-this is the keep'''</p>
 
| <p>'''If he sets the point to the face to the right<br/>Lower the point, go straight to the chest-this is the keep'''</p>
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| <p>[48] </p>
 
| <p>[48] </p>
  
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| <p>[49] Know that if you can work properly with the “war” and you lead it well, he is hardly able to escape from you You can do your work on him, so that he is hardly able to come from you without having been beaten. And what is “before” and “after,” you have heard before, and what is the “war” you will be taught afterwards. ''The text follows.''</p>
 
| <p>[49] Know that if you can work properly with the “war” and you lead it well, he is hardly able to escape from you You can do your work on him, so that he is hardly able to come from you without having been beaten. And what is “before” and “after,” you have heard before, and what is the “war” you will be taught afterwards. ''The text follows.''</p>
 
| <p>And what is “before” and “after,” you have been taught before.</p>
 
| <p>And what is “before” and “after,” you have been taught before.</p>
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| <p>[50] </p>
 
| <p>[50] </p>
  
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| <p>[51] Now, you should perform the war this way: if you strike the ''Zornhau'' together with him, as soon as he displaces, go high with the arm and wind him the point on his Messer from above to the face to his left side. If he sets the thrust aside, go to the lower peak to his right side and set him the point on. If he follows your Messer with the displacement, seek another peak with the point, downwards to the left side. If he becomes aware of the point, seek the fourth peak with the point, to the face to his right side. And when you want to prepare for the war, you should cleverly understand to always go high with the arm in front of the head, and sink the point to the peaks.</p>
 
| <p>[51] Now, you should perform the war this way: if you strike the ''Zornhau'' together with him, as soon as he displaces, go high with the arm and wind him the point on his Messer from above to the face to his left side. If he sets the thrust aside, go to the lower peak to his right side and set him the point on. If he follows your Messer with the displacement, seek another peak with the point, downwards to the left side. If he becomes aware of the point, seek the fourth peak with the point, to the face to his right side. And when you want to prepare for the war, you should cleverly understand to always go high with the arm in front of the head, and sink the point to the peaks.</p>
 
| <p>Now, perform the war this way: if you strike the Zornhau on him, as soon as he then displaces, go high with the arm and wind him the point on his Messer from above to the face on his left side. If he displaces the thrust aside, go high to the other side to the other peak under his right arm on the chest. In case he follows the thrust, work to the next opening that you can find.</p>
 
| <p>Now, perform the war this way: if you strike the Zornhau on him, as soon as he then displaces, go high with the arm and wind him the point on his Messer from above to the face on his left side. If he displaces the thrust aside, go high to the other side to the other peak under his right arm on the chest. In case he follows the thrust, work to the next opening that you can find.</p>
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| <p>[52] I tell you that if you have practiced the war and its properties with prudence, your adversary will be weakened from above and from below. ''The text follows.''</p>
 
| <p>[52] I tell you that if you have practiced the war and its properties with prudence, your adversary will be weakened from above and from below. ''The text follows.''</p>
 
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| <p>[53] <span class="red" style="font-weight:bold;">There are four peaks<br/>That you should acquire<br/>The vigilant notices<br/>Where they are with risk</span></p>
 
| <p>[53] <span class="red" style="font-weight:bold;">There are four peaks<br/>That you should acquire<br/>The vigilant notices<br/>Where they are with risk</span></p>
  
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| <p>[54] </p>
 
| <p>[54] </p>
  
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| <p>[55] </p>
 
| <p>[55] </p>
  
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| <p>[56] Take one of the openings and do not pay attention to what he does against you. Strike to it bravely; in case he displaces, strike quickly to the other peak, to the next opening that you can acquire. You should also wait for the body of the man and not for the Messer. ''The text follows.''</p>
 
| <p>[56] Take one of the openings and do not pay attention to what he does against you. Strike to it bravely; in case he displaces, strike quickly to the other peak, to the next opening that you can acquire. You should also wait for the body of the man and not for the Messer. ''The text follows.''</p>
 
| <p>Take the peaks with no fear and do not pay attention to what he does against you. Strike to it bravely; in case he displaces, strike quickly to the other peak, to the next opening that you can acquire.</p>
 
| <p>Take the peaks with no fear and do not pay attention to what he does against you. Strike to it bravely; in case he displaces, strike quickly to the other peak, to the next opening that you can acquire.</p>

Revision as of 05:23, 12 July 2021

Johannes Lecküchner
Born ca. 1430s
Nuremberg, Germany
Died December 31, 1482
Herzogenaurach, Germany
Occupation
Alma mater University of Leipzig
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer (?)
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Kunst des Messerfechtens
Archetype(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations
Signature Johannes Lecküchner Sig.jpg

Johannes Lecküchner (or Hans Lebkommer; ca. 1430s – 1482) was a 15th century German cleric and fencing master. He was born in the Nuremberg area, and in 1455 he was inscribed at the University of Leipzig. In 1457, he received the title of baccalaureus, and he was consecrated as a Catholic acolyte in 1459. At some point before creating his first manuscript in 1478, Lecküchner was consecrated as a priest. From 1480 until his death on December 31, 1482, he was employed as a communal priest in Herzogenaurach, Germany.[1] Lecküchner dedicated his fencing manual to Philip "the Upright" of Wittelsbach, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, but the nature of his connection to the duke remains unclear.[2]

Some 19th century scholars assumed that Lecküchner's name was a corruption of "Liechtenauer" and a reference to Johannes Liechtenauer, the grand master of the primary German longsword tradition. However, biographical information from historical records, as well as the colophon in the manuscript itself, thoroughly disproves this theory. Lecküchner's system of Messer fencing does, however, seem to be related in some way to the longsword teachings of Liechtenauer from the previous century. His teachings are organized in a similar fashion using similar terminology, and often his Recital (Zettel) is nearly identical to that of Liechtenauer.

Two potentially-autograph copies of Lecküchner's treatise are preserved: the Cod. Pal. Germ. 430, completed in 1478, and the Cgm 582, completed on 19 January 1482 (the year of his death).[3] The Cgm 582 mentions in the last paragraph that a previous draft had been produced, which is presumed to be a reference to the CPG 430. Despite the Cgm 582 being the more extensive and elaborate of the two, it is the CPG 430 that seems to be the source for all later repetitions of Lecküchner's teachings. A slightly abridged version of this treatise (probably based on a lost intermediary) was included by Hans von Speyer in the MS M.I.29 in 1491, and similar (but not identical) abridged versions were reproduced by Gregor Erhart in 1533, Paulus Hector Mair in the 1540s, and Lienhart Sollinger in 1556.

Preceding the treatises of Lecküchner and Liechtenauer in the MS M.I.29 are brief notes by a Magister Andreas explaining equivalences in concepts and terminology between the two,[4] perhaps indicating that by this time Lecküchner's teachings had been integrated into the Liechtenauer school of fencing. This notion is further supported by the appearance of Lecküchner's Recital alongside Liechtenauer's in Marxbrüder captain Peter Falkner's treatise of ca. 1495.

One final note of interest is that in 1531, printer Christian Egenolff published a fencing anthology entitled Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst, and included in it a brief treatise on the Messer attributed to a certain Master Hans Lebkommer. This is either a misspelling or alternate rendering of "Lecküchner"; the text appears to be a brief summary of Lecküchner's teachings, intermingled with the Messer teachings of Andre Paurenfeyndt (uncredited). Since there is no indication that it was actually written by Lecküchner (who was long dead by that time), and in order to avoid confusion here, this otherwise anonymous treatise can be found on the Lebkommer page.

Treatise

The two manuscripts whose creation seems to have been personally overseen by Lecküchner contain a number of substantial differences, some of which can be interpreted as corrections in the later edition and others which are less explicable. In this compilation, they're treated as mutually-authoritative and translated separately; it's possible that a future version of this article will merge the translations together and describe the differences in footnotes. Both of these manuscripts were prepared late in Lecküchner's life based on one or more lost earlier versions. The Salzburg version seems likely to be a faithful copy of one of those versions, so it is presented in the first transcription column to illustrate how the text expanded over time.

The typical Wiktenauer style is to break up the Recital into verses in a standard fashion according to their rhyme scheme. In the case of Lecküchner, however, the Recital is already broken into discrete lines in most extant copies, but the precise separation varies from copy to copy. The format of the various copies has therefore been preserved in this table in order to allow comparison (even though that means leaving the Vienna version completely un-separated). In the translation, the verses that are common to multiple copies are rendered in red text, while the verses that are unique to Munich version Ⅰ appear in black text.

Additional Resources

References

  1. Julia and Carsten Lorbeer (in German). "Johannes Lecküchner - der fechtende Pfarrer". Ochs: Historische Kampfkünst e.V., 2002. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  2. Fencing master Ludwig VI von Eyb was a powerful noble in service to Philip from 1499 to 1504 (and possibly longer), but his writings demonstrate no connection to or awareness of those of Lecküchner.
  3. The Cgm 582 states on folio 216v that "This material was composed by the Reverend Johannes Lecküchner, at that time of the parish in Herzogenaurach, in the year of our Lord 1478, but this book was written and completed in the 82nd year on the eve of St. Sebastian." (Composita est materia illa per domine Johanne Lecküchner tunc tempore plebanus jn Hertzogaurach Anno domini M°CCCC° septuagesimo octauo sed iste librum Scriptum est et completus Anno 8° secundo jn vigilia sancti Sebastiani).
  4. Hans von Speyer. Untitled [manuscript]. MS M.I.29. Salzburg, Austria: Universitätsbibliothek Salzburg, 1491. ff 5r-7r
  5. Word scratched out.
  6. Unnecessary repetition, a scribe’s mistake.
  7. I.e., rapidly
  8. recept = Rezept (Hennig, S263)
  9. oder
  10. Auf der linken Blattseite befindet sich ein unbekanntes Zeichen, oder der Schreiber hat zu weit links angesetzt.
  11. oder
  12. schalt = Schwung (Hennig, S279)
  13. vmb süst = umsonst; sus = sunst (Baufeld, S231)
  14. Der Schreiber wollte wohl erst “deinem” schreiben
  15. sic : seinem
  16. I.e., avoid the stroke by means of bowing forwards.
  17. geschrieben
  18. Das Wort “pist” wurde nachträglich ergänzt.
  19. sic : deinnem
  20. sic : seinn
  21. 21.0 21.1 21.2 Text is cut off at the bottom of the page, but reconstructed from other copies.
  22. I.e., is faster or better
  23. Sa alt. von sar = gleich darauf, alsbald sodann (entweder alleine oder verstärkt durch sinnverwandte Ausdrücke) (Lexer, S205) end = ehe, bevor (Lexer, S43)
  24. Munich: "right".
  25. Munich: "right".
  26. Unknown word scraped away
  27. oder
  28. handt hab
  29. I.e., the point and the pommel.
  30. See Matthew 7:6
  31. oder
  32. Wort könnte von sambalde kommen = alsbald (Hennig, S276) oder sam = als (Hennig, S275)
  33. Könnte von senen = ersehnen kommen (Lexer, S225)
  34. Der Schreiber wollte wohl messer schreiben.
  35. sic : bis. rep.
  36. Müßte sinngemäß "In" heißen
  37. ge- = es kann vor alle Formen des Zeitworts treten, um die Handlung abzuschließen oder zu verstärken (Lexer, S60)
    rucke, rücke, ze ruck = zurück, nach hinten
  38. tener oder tenner bezeichnet die von der Rüstung nicht geschützte Handfläche. (Baufeld, S50)
  39. Sa alt. von sar = gleich darauf, alsbald sodann ( enweder alleine oder verstärkt durch sinnverwandte Ausdrücke ) ( Lexer, S205 )
    end = ehe, bevor ( Lexer, S43 )
  40. For armoured combat of Andreas Liegnitzer see von Danzig, 73r-79v. This teaching was copied (with some omissions) by Lew Jud, see Lew, 70r-83v. A technique based on a similar principle is featured in Lew, 79v-80r.
  41. gefast
  42. Das Zeichen könnte für einen Verweis auf eine andere Seite stehen, auf dem dieses F zu sehen ist. Diese Methode hat der Schreiber auch schon auf anderen Seiten angewandt.
  43. pinden = binden, fesseln (Baufeld, S34)
  44. gemelich = gemechlich = bedächtig, ruhig, langsam (Hennig, S108)
  45. kostlich = kostspielig, aufwendig (Hennig, S190)
  46. Im cpg430/46r heißt es “der verporgengriff“
  47. See Matthew 7:6.
  48. Das Wort sieht eigentlich wie „knorren“ aus.
  49. mug = mag
  50. Corrected from "din"
  51. nott
  52. oder
  53. dast könnte von dasten = tasten kommen (Hennig, S51)
  54. vber seyn danc = Gegen seinen Willen (Hennig, S50)
  55. Müßte eigentlich “deyn” heißen.
  56. vahen = greifen, fassen, einfangen (Lexer, S310)
  57. weifen = fuchteln, schwingen, schwencken (Grimm, Bd 28, Sp. 632, 5)
  58. Haspel [Garnwinde] (Hennig, S147)
  59. doch
  60. sambalde = alsbald oder sam = als (Hennig, S276)
  61. zäumen = gefangen nehmen (Baufeld, S254)
  62. “Item“ wurde nachträglich ergänzt
  63. albeg(en), alleweg = 1. immer, immer noch 2. überall (Baufeld, S6)
  64. oder
  65. abenteuerlich = ausgefallen, nicht alltäglich (Baufeld, S1)
  66. “auff deyn rechte” sieht wie durchgestrichen aus
  67. straufen = 1. die Haut abziehen, abstreifen 2. streuen. (Baufeld, S228)
  68. durchwechseln
  69. Wort zwischen “der” und “erst” wurde durchgestrichen.
  70. plüpflich = plötzlich (J.A. Schmeller, Bayerisches Wörterbuch, I,460)
  71. Links unten befindet sich eine kurze Notiz, die aber sehr schlecht lesbar ist.
  72. Links der Glosse befindet sich die handschiftliche Notiz einer anderen Hand
  73. Müßte sinngemäß “seynem” heißen.
  74. Schreiber wollte wohl “zu” schreiben.
  75. “Seynem” wurde mit “deynem” überschrieben.
  76. Zwischen den beiden Fechterfiguren befindet sich eine unleserliche Notiz, die mit anderer Hand geschrieben wurde. “man...”
  77. First written "deyner", then corrected.
  78. Abbreviatur sieht ähnlich aus wie “qd” aus, das für quondam steht (Cappelli, S306)
  79. Buchstabe g wurde mit einem f überschrieben
  80. prangen = prangen, glänzen (Hennig, S256)
  81. beiten = warten, zögern (Hennig, S24)
  82. Am unteren Rand des Blattes befindet sich der Schmuckbuchstabe B (164r), auf der darauf folgenden der Buchstabe A (164v). In cpg430 sind diese Seiten in umgekehrter Reihenfolge zu finden. Dieser Fehler läßt vermuten, daß der Zeichner die Abbildungen vertauscht hat und läßt der Schlußfolgerung zu, daß die Zeichnungen vor dem Text in die Handschift eingegangen sind.
  83. gen = geben (Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Willhelm Grimm,Bd. 5, Sp. 3342,21)
  84. gereicht zur Ehre
  85. poß = böse (Baufeld, S39)
  86. teding kommt von tedinc = (Zwei-)kampf (Henning, S236), dinc = ding (Baufeld, S52). tedingen = strafen, büßen (Baufeld, S49)
  87. nindert = keinesfalls, keineswegs, nirgendwo (Hennig, S243)
  88. Der Schreiber wollte scheinbar mit einem “v” ansetzen
  89. zäumen = gefangen nehmen (Baufeld, S254)
  90. Am Ende des Worts wurde ein Buchstabe wieder ausgestrichen
  91. Written as "Seyn" and then changed.
  92. Written as "deyn" and then changed.
  93. Corrected from "Lanck".
  94. leme = Lähmung (Hennig, S204)
  95. scharpff
  96. vürbaz = weiter, darüber hinaus (Hennig, S448)
  97. verworfen
  98. gagen = gegen: räumlich hin, zu, nach etwas (Lexer, S59/S63)
  99. stich
  100. graffeln = grabschen, greifen (Hennig, S138)
  101. Unter der Folierung 216 steht das Namenskürzel HC.
  102. Das Bild enthält die Worte: " 416 par fechter ". Scheinbar eine Zählung der abgebildeten Stücke.Eve. später von anderer Hand hinzugefügt.
  103. 19/20 January
  104. Auflösung und Übersetzung nach Hils: “Der Gegenstand (dieses Buches) ist von mir, Johannes Lecküchner, derzeit Pfarrer in Herzogenaurach, im Jahre 1478 erarbeitet worden; dieses Buch aber wurde geschrieben und fertiggestellt im Jahre 1482 in der Nacht des Hl.Sebastian”
  105. Aristoteles, Metaphysica libri Ⅰ-Ⅳ, 4, lib. 1, cap. 1. Translatio “vetustissima”; Translatio Jacobi Venetici