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Difference between revisions of "Paulus Hector Mair"

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| bodystyle = display:block; width:224em;
 
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{{:Paulus Hector Mair/Mixed weapons}}
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{| class="wikitable floated master"
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|-
 
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! Source Images
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| title    = <span style="font-size:130%;">[[Sickle]]</span>
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! Images
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| bodystyle = display:block; width:224em;
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! {{rating}}
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{| class="wikitable floated master"
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden Version I]] (1550s)
|-  
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by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]
! Source Images
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Version I]] (1550s) [German]
 
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! Images
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Version I]] (1550s) [Latin]
from the [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Version]]
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! {{rating|B}}
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Version I]] (1550s)
by [[Reinier van Noort]] and [[Saskia Roselaar]]
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden Version I]] (1550s)
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! [[Jörg Breu Sketchbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)|Jörg Breu's Sketchbook]] (1545)
by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]
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by [[Michael Chidester]]
! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Version I]] (1550s) [German]
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by [[Julia Gräf]] and [[Ingo Petri]]
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|-
! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Version I]] (1550s) [Latin]
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| [[File:Mair mixed 01.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/457]]
! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Version I]] (1550s)
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|
by [[Saskia Roselaar]]
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'''[1] '''
! [[Jörg Breu Sketchbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)|Jörg Breu's Sketchbook]] (1545)
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|227r|png}}
by [[Michael Chidester]]
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|-  
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|217r|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair sickle 01.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/473]]
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|  
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'''[1] A cut from above with the sickle from both sides'''
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| [[File:Mair mixed 02.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/458]]
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'''[2] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|227v|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|217v|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 03.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/459]]
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'''[3] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|228r|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|218r|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 04.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/460]]
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'''[4] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|228v|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|218v|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 05.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/461]]
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'''[5] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|229r|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|219r|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 06.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/462]]
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'''[6] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|229v|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|219v|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 07.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/463]]
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'''[7] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|230r|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|220r|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 08.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/464]]
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'''[8] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|230v|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|220v|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 09.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/465]]
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'''[9] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|231r|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|221r|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 10.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/466]]
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'''[10] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|231v|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|221v|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 11.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/467]]
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'''[11] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|232r|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|222r|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 12.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/468]]
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'''[12] '''
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| {{paget|page:MS Dresd.C.93|232v|png}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|222v|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 34.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00006570/image_376]]
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'''[13] '''
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|186v|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 35.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00006570/image_377]]
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'''[14] '''
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|187r|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair mixed 36.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00006570/image_380]]
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'''[15] '''
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|188v|jpg}}
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|}
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{{hidden end}}
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 +
{{hidden begin
 +
| title    = <span style="font-size:130%;">[[Sickle]]</span>
 +
| titlestyle= background:#f2f2f2; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:10px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:60%;
 +
| bodystyle = display:block; width:224em;
 +
}}
 +
{| class="wikitable floated master"
 +
|-  
 +
! Source Images
 +
 
 +
! Images
 +
from the [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Version]]
 +
! {{rating|B}}
 +
by [[Reinier van Noort]] and [[Saskia Roselaar]]
 +
! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden Version I]] (1550s)
 +
by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]
 +
! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Version I]] (1550s) [German]
 +
by [[Julia Gräf]] and [[Ingo Petri]]
 +
! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Version I]] (1550s) [Latin]
 +
 
 +
! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Version I]] (1550s)
 +
by [[Saskia Roselaar]]
 +
! [[Jörg Breu Sketchbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)|Jörg Breu's Sketchbook]] (1545)
 +
by [[Michael Chidester]]
 +
 
 +
|-  
 +
|  
 +
| [[File:Mair sickle 01.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/473]]
 +
|  
 +
'''[1] A cut from above with the sickle from both sides'''
 +
 
 
If you both approach each other, and hold the sickle correctly, if you put your right foot in front and hold the sickle in the right hand  next to the left side of your head, and stretch the opened left hand towards your opponent, and from there follow with the left [foot], you cut his head from his right side. But if the opponent turns at you in the same way, [while you are] standing with the left foot in front, holding the sickle in the right hand, holding [it] next to the head down at the left shoulder, with<ref>Literally: put</ref> the left on the right [hand], then deflect with your sickle your opponent to your right side. Then, if you have grabbed the right [hand] of the opponent with the left hand, you wound his head on the right side. But if the opponent comes at you in the same way from above, if you quickly grab his right [hand], you can in this way turn away his cuts. And from there, you can immediately, if you pull the right [hand], try to cut the left leg of the opponent standing in front. But if he tries the same, then push the right elbow of the opponent more inwards with your left hand, if you then pull back the right hand, you can hit his head with the point of the sickle and pull back again.
 
If you both approach each other, and hold the sickle correctly, if you put your right foot in front and hold the sickle in the right hand  next to the left side of your head, and stretch the opened left hand towards your opponent, and from there follow with the left [foot], you cut his head from his right side. But if the opponent turns at you in the same way, [while you are] standing with the left foot in front, holding the sickle in the right hand, holding [it] next to the head down at the left shoulder, with<ref>Literally: put</ref> the left on the right [hand], then deflect with your sickle your opponent to your right side. Then, if you have grabbed the right [hand] of the opponent with the left hand, you wound his head on the right side. But if the opponent comes at you in the same way from above, if you quickly grab his right [hand], you can in this way turn away his cuts. And from there, you can immediately, if you pull the right [hand], try to cut the left leg of the opponent standing in front. But if he tries the same, then push the right elbow of the opponent more inwards with your left hand, if you then pull back the right hand, you can hit his head with the point of the sickle and pull back again.
 
| {{paget2|page:MS Dresd.C.93|235r|png}}
 
| {{paget2|page:MS Dresd.C.93|235r|png}}
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If he thus thrusts doubly at you, so grab with your left hand on his right arm, step with your right foot behind his right and shove him with strength from yourself.<ref>Note: person on left side starts with the dagger in the left hand according to the illustration.</ref>
 
If he thus thrusts doubly at you, so grab with your left hand on his right arm, step with your right foot behind his right and shove him with strength from yourself.<ref>Note: person on left side starts with the dagger in the left hand according to the illustration.</ref>
 
 
| {{paget2|page:MS Dresd.C.94|003v|png}}
 
| {{paget2|page:MS Dresd.C.94|003v|png}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 211v.jpg|German|lbl=211v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 211v.jpg|German|lbl=211v}}

Revision as of 02:01, 9 March 2014

Paulus Hector Mair

"Mair", Cod.icon. 312b f 64r
Born 1517
Augsburg, Germany
Died 10 Dec 1579 (age 62)
Augsburg, Germany
Occupation
  • Civil servant
  • Historian
Nationality German
Movement
Influences
Genres
Language
Notable work(s) Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Knight and Hunt, 2008
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traduction française
Signature Paulus Hector Mair Sig.png

Paulus Hector Mair (1517 – 1579) was a 16th century German civil servant and fencing enthusiast. He was born in Augsburg in 1517 to a wealthy and influential family in the German middle class (Bürger). In his youth, he likely received training in fencing and grappling from the masters of Augsburg fencing guild, and early on developed a deep fascination with fencing manuals. He began his civil service as a secretary to the Augsburg City Council; by 1541, Mair was the Augsburg City Treasurer, and in 1545 he also took on the duty of Master of Rations.

Mair lead a lavish lifestyle and maintained his political influence with expensive parties and other entertainments for the burghers and city officials of Augsburg. Despite his personal wealth and ample income, Mair spent decades living far beyond his means and taking money from the Augsburg city coffers to cover his expenses. This embezzlement was not discovered until 1579, when a disgruntled assistant reported him to the Augsburg City Council and provoked an audit of his books. Mair was arrested and tried for his crimes, and hanged as a thief at the age of 62.

While Mair is not known to have ever certified as a fencing master, he was an avid collector of fencing manuals and other literature on military history, and some portion of his embezzlement was used to fund this hobby. Perhaps most significant of all of his acquisitions was the partially-completed manual of Antonius Rast, a Master of the Longsword and one-time captain of the Marxbrüder fencing guild. The venerable master died in 1549 without completing it, and Mair ultimately was able to produce the Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 based on his notes. In sum, he purchased over a dozen fencing manuscripts over the course of his life, many of them from fellow collector David Lienhart Sollinger (a Freifechter who lived in Augsburg for many years). After Mair's death, this collection was sold at auction as part of an attempt to recoup some of the funds Mair had appropriated.

Already in Mair's lifetime some of his people's Medieval martial arts were being forgotten; this was tragic to Mair, who viewed the arts of fencing as a civilizing and character-building influence on men. In order to preserve as much of the art as possible, Mair commissioned a massive fencing compendium titled Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica ("The Greatest Work on the Athletic Arts"), and in it he compiled all of the fencing lore that he could access. He retained famed Augsburg painter Jörg Breu the Younger to create the art for the text, and according to Hils Mair also hired two fencing masters to pose for the illustrations.[citation needed] This project was extraordinarily expensive and took at least four years to complete. Ultimately, three copies of the massive fencing manual—six volumes in all—were produced, the first entirely in Early New High German, another entirely in New Latin, and a third including both languages.

Whether viewed as a noble scholar who made the ultimate sacrifice for his art or an ignoble thief who robbed the city that trusted him, Mair remains one of the most influential figures in the history of Kunst des Fechtens. By completing the fencing manual of Antonius Rast, Mair gave us valuable insight into the Nuremberg fencing tradition, and his extensive commentary on the uncaptioned treatises in his collection serves to make useful training aids out of what would otherwise be mere curiosities. Finally, while his collection of manuscripts was dispersed after his death, most been preserved to this day instead of disappearing as did so many others, significantly expanding the corpus of historical European martial arts literature.

Mair's Collection

The following are the fencing manuals that Mair is known to have owned during his life:

Manuscripts

Books

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Hunt, Brian. "Paulus Hector Mair: Peasant Staff and Flail." Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts. Ed. Jeffrey Hull. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
  • Knight, David James, and Hunt, Brian. The Polearms of Paulus Hector Mair. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-644-7

References

  1. 'Long edge' is not listed in ty.
  2. sic : beide
  3. Marginalie unleserlich
  4. ”streck dein leyb und deine armen wol”
  5. sic : seinem ?
  6. The words are marked with numbers above. Probably it is to keep track of word order.
  7. sic : hinndersich
  8. sic : widerumb
  9. sic : seinem
  10. sic : schniten
  11. sic : seinnen ?
  12. 21r
  13. Literally: put
  14. Literally: pull back the left foot
  15. German: his
  16. German: grab with your left hand from below outside over his right arm
  17. rechten
  18. Barred, or bolted.
  19. Pliers, or fire-tongs.
  20. Wrestlers wear a leather collar? Hmmm...
  21. Comb, carder?
  22. A variant on the o-goshi in judo.
  23. sic : Im mit
  24. »sst« oberhalb der Zeile korrigiert aus »fft«
  25. Which is what?
  26. Note: Change of grip required, or the illustration does not match.
  27. Dagger transfer necessary at this point.
  28. Note: person on left side starts with the dagger in the left hand according to the illustration.
  29. Note: push down, not out
  30. Arbait - technical term: work, force, struggle
  31. Vienna and Munich MS Latin: right.
  32. read: locitur
  33. Latin: snatch up.
  34. Note: the illustration shows ice-pick grip.
  35. "You will lick it!" Not pleasant if the dagger is lying on it. Especially in cold weather.
  36. May not represent the changing though described.
  37. Note illustration shows ice-pick grip.
  38. Note: left is corrected from a right. Left is correct.
  39. This seems to imply both parallel action and simultaneity.
  40. Reib - strong twisting, bending, rotating motion.
  41. Image shows left.
  42. From the inner side.
  43. From the Latin text
  44. Correct from underich.
  45. Could also mean immediately
  46. Only in the Latin.
  47. Inn - unclear whether directional or locational.
  48. The one in the left hand?
  49. Only in the Latin.
  50. Possible abbreviation of gegen – geg.
  51. Odd squiggle in the middle—f from previous line?
  52. Scribal error for pungito?
  53. Strange squiggle above the c.
  54. Squiggle – looks like the Munich MS symbol for us?
  55. Error for interim?
  56. Written as “in Clinando”
  57. NB, likely scribal error for “laevam”
  58. Second u has three dots almost like ǜ.
  59. Error for dextrum?
  60. sic : verborgnen