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| deathdate            = 1552
 
| deathdate            = 1552
 
| deathplace          = Bologna (?)
 
| deathplace          = Bologna (?)
| occupation          = [[Fencing master]]{{#set: occupation=fencing master }}
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| occupation          = [[occupation::Fencing master]]
 
| nationality          =  
 
| nationality          =  
 
| ethnicity            =  
 
| ethnicity            =  
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{{TOC limit|3}}
 
{{TOC limit|3}}
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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As the older text, the 1567 presentation manuscript is used to structure the treatise on this page. Viggiani's printed book includes side notes that indicate the topic discussed in a particular region of each page; because we can't display them that way on this site, they're added into the text at the beginning of the paragraph they describe.
  
 
''Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as ''The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III''. It can be purchased at the following link in [http://www.lulu.com/shop/angelo-viggiani-and-w-jherek-swanger/the-fencing-method-of-angelo-viggiani-lo-schermo-part-iii/paperback/product-1e57wjk6.html softcover].  
 
''Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as ''The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III''. It can be purchased at the following link in [http://www.lulu.com/shop/angelo-viggiani-and-w-jherek-swanger/the-fencing-method-of-angelo-viggiani-lo-schermo-part-iii/paperback/product-1e57wjk6.html softcover].  
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| rowspan="3" | <p><small>''Why one cannot learn a perfect blow with practice weapons, but only with those which are edged.''</small></p>
 
| rowspan="3" | <p><small>''Why one cannot learn a perfect blow with practice weapons, but only with those which are edged.''</small></p>
  
<p>ROD: I would not say now that you cannot do all those ways of striking, of warding, and of guards, with those weapons, and equally with these, but you will do them imperfectly with those, and most perfectly with these edged ones, because if (for example) you ward a thrust put to you by the enemy, beating aside his sword with a ''mandritto'', so that that thrust did not face your breast, while playing with ''spade da marra'',<ref>It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “''da giuoco''” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (''The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe'' p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the ''spada da marra'' was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the ''spada negra'', a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “''Marra''” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (''A Worlde of Wordes'', 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “''spade da marra''” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “''smarra''” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (''Regole della scherma'', 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “''spade da marra''” (Gaugler, ''The History of Fencing'', 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “''smarrare''” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “''smarra''” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “''spada da marra''”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.</ref> it will suffice you to beat it only a little, indeed, for you to learn the ''schermo''; but if they were spade da filo, you would drive that ''mandritto'' with all of your strength in order to push well aside the enemy’s thrust. Behold that this would be a perfect blow, done with wisdom, and with promptness, unleashed with more length, and thrown with more force, that it would have been with those other arms. How will you fare, ''conte'', if you take perfect arms in your hand, and not stand with all your spirit, and with all your intent judgment? </p>
+
<p>ROD: I would not say now that you cannot do all those ways of striking, of warding, and of guards, with those weapons, and equally with these, but you will do them imperfectly with those, and most perfectly with these edged ones, because if (for example) you ward a thrust put to you by the enemy, beating aside his sword with a ''mandritto'', so that that thrust did not face your breast, while playing with ''spade da marra'',<ref>It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “''da giuoco''” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. [[Sydney Anglo]] (''The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe'' p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the ''spada da marra'' was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the ''spada negra'', a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “''Marra''” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (''A Worlde of Wordes'', 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “''spade da marra''” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “''smarra''” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (''Regole della scherma'', 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “''spade da marra''” (Gaugler, ''The History of Fencing'', 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “''smarrare''” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “''smarra''” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “''spada da marra''”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.</ref> it will suffice you to beat it only a little, indeed, for you to learn the ''schermo''; but if they were spade da filo, you would drive that ''mandritto'' with all of your strength in order to push well aside the enemy’s thrust. Behold that this would be a perfect blow, done with wisdom, and with promptness, unleashed with more length, and thrown with more force, that it would have been with those other arms. How will you fare, ''conte'', if you take perfect arms in your hand, and not stand with all your spirit, and with all your intent judgment? </p>
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
  
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<p>ROD: I would like you to step, vaulting at him diagonally, and wearying him continuously, now with a ''mezo mandritto'', and now with a ''mezo rovescio'', and often with a variety of feints, taking heed nonetheless always to keep your body away from the point of his sword, because he could easily give you the time and the occasion to seize the advantage of placing yourself in guard. </p>
 
<p>ROD: I would like you to step, vaulting at him diagonally, and wearying him continuously, now with a ''mezo mandritto'', and now with a ''mezo rovescio'', and often with a variety of feints, taking heed nonetheless always to keep your body away from the point of his sword, because he could easily give you the time and the occasion to seize the advantage of placing yourself in guard. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|f1|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|f1|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|3|lbl=61r.3}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|3|lbl=61r.3}}
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<p>ROD: You would have to retire backwards one or two steps; as a result, he would not be able to strike you, being thus unable to reach you, and you would have to step so that the mind of the adversary would be baited by the proposition that he might accomplish the striking of you, and the way that it were determined; because at all times the variation of your body with the stepping also causes a change in the thought and the plan. But always remain attentive in the stepping to seize the opportunity to place yourself in guard with the advantage of the sword. </p>
 
<p>ROD: You would have to retire backwards one or two steps; as a result, he would not be able to strike you, being thus unable to reach you, and you would have to step so that the mind of the adversary would be baited by the proposition that he might accomplish the striking of you, and the way that it were determined; because at all times the variation of your body with the stepping also causes a change in the thought and the plan. But always remain attentive in the stepping to seize the opportunity to place yourself in guard with the advantage of the sword. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|f2|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
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|  
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|f2|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|5|lbl=61r.5}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|5|lbl=61r.5}}
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<p>CON: Tell me, Rodomonte, give me advice, how should I go when I want to close the distance with my enemy; which is the greater advantage: to go to encounter him, or to wait for him? </p>
 
<p>CON: Tell me, Rodomonte, give me advice, how should I go when I want to close the distance with my enemy; which is the greater advantage: to go to encounter him, or to wait for him? </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/148|f3|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/148|f3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/148|4|lbl=62r.4}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/148|4|lbl=62r.4}}
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<p>CON: If this is true, speaking of going to encounter the enemy, what then do you say of striking? Is it better to wait for the enemy to strike, or for him to be the first to throw a blow? </p>
 
<p>CON: If this is true, speaking of going to encounter the enemy, what then do you say of striking? Is it better to wait for the enemy to strike, or for him to be the first to throw a blow? </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/149|f1|lbl=-}}
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|  
 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/149|f1|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/149|2|lbl=62v.2}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/149|2|lbl=62v.2}}
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|-  
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| rowspan="2" |  
| <p>CON: I rest very satisfied by such as you have said to me concerning wherein may lie the advantage in placing oneself in guard while striking and stepping; now I wish to know what ''tempo'' is, and what is signified to us by saying a “''tempo''” and a “''mezo tempo''”. </p>
+
| rowspan="2" | <p>CON: I rest very satisfied by such as you have said to me concerning wherein may lie the advantage in placing oneself in guard while striking and stepping; now I wish to know what ''tempo'' is, and what is signified to us by saying a “''tempo''” and a “''mezo tempo''”. </p>
 +
| class="noline" |
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|2|lbl=63r.2}}
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|-
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|6|lbl=91v.6}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|6|lbl=91v.6}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|2|lbl=63r.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|3|lbl=63r.3}}
  
 
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|-  
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| rowspan="2" class="noline" | <p>ROD: It is a great controversy among the philosophers, in viewing the nature of ''tempo'', and it is difficult to comprehend, and better to inquire about it of Bocadiferro, now that we come to it. </p>
 
| rowspan="2" class="noline" | <p>ROD: It is a great controversy among the philosophers, in viewing the nature of ''tempo'', and it is difficult to comprehend, and better to inquire about it of Bocadiferro, now that we come to it. </p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|7|lbl=91v.7}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|7|lbl=91v.7}}
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|3|lbl=63r.3}}
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|4|lbl=63r.4}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| style="border-bottom: 0px;" | {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|8|lbl=91v.8}}
 
| style="border-bottom: 0px;" | {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|8|lbl=91v.8}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|4|lbl=63r.4}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|5|lbl=63r.5}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| <p>CON: O ''Dottore'', what do you understand about ''tempo'', and what it is? </p>
 
| <p>CON: O ''Dottore'', what do you understand about ''tempo'', and what it is? </p>
 
| style="border-top: 0px;" | {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|9|lbl=91v.9}}
 
| style="border-top: 0px;" | {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|9|lbl=91v.9}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|5|lbl=63r.5}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|6|lbl=63r.6}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|f1|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|f1|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|6|lbl=63r.6}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|7|lbl=63r.7}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 92r.jpg|2|lbl=92r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 92r.jpg|2|lbl=92r.2}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|7|lbl=63r.7}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|8|lbl=63r.8}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| <p>CON: For what reason is it not recognized during sleep? </p>
 
| <p>CON: For what reason is it not recognized during sleep? </p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 92r.jpg|5|lbl=92r.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 92r.jpg|5|lbl=92r.5}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|8|lbl=63r.8}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|9|lbl=63r.9}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|f2|lbl=-}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|f2|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|9|lbl=63r.9|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/151|1|lbl=63v.1|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|10|lbl=63r.10|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/151|1|lbl=63v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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|-  
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<p>ROD: It is a ''guardia'' through being a still placement and pose; it is called “''difensiva''” through being for defense of that side where the sword is positioned; “''imperfetta''” I call it, because lying within the scabbard it only defends, frightening the enemy; but it is an imperfect defense, as it does naught else. </p>
 
<p>ROD: It is a ''guardia'' through being a still placement and pose; it is called “''difensiva''” through being for defense of that side where the sword is positioned; “''imperfetta''” I call it, because lying within the scabbard it only defends, frightening the enemy; but it is an imperfect defense, as it does naught else. </p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 94v.jpg|3|lbl=94v.3}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 94v.jpg|3|lbl=94v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/153|f3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/153|f3|lbl=-}}
  
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<p>ROD: Yes, but you do it nonetheless, I know not why, turning your wrist as you draw it forth, which does not please me; hold your wrist in such a fashion while you draw it forth that you do not make a turning; and do it so that your hand rises high, and to the rear on your right side, so that the point of your sword is aimed at my chest, and downwards somewhat toward the ground, and stop it there, with the true edge of the sword facing the sky, and the false toward the ground, taking care in the selfsame ''tempo'' that the ''rovescio'' travels, that you make with your body a little turn in such a way that your left shoulder is found somewhat more forward than your right, and that your left arm follow the right through the forward side, so that it is found toward the right side; and make additionally a slight turn of your left leg on the point of your foot through the draw, and the heel should be somewhat lifted from the ground; and together with this make your right leg lie extended, with the body somewhat erect: you see how I do it? </p>
 
<p>ROD: Yes, but you do it nonetheless, I know not why, turning your wrist as you draw it forth, which does not please me; hold your wrist in such a fashion while you draw it forth that you do not make a turning; and do it so that your hand rises high, and to the rear on your right side, so that the point of your sword is aimed at my chest, and downwards somewhat toward the ground, and stop it there, with the true edge of the sword facing the sky, and the false toward the ground, taking care in the selfsame ''tempo'' that the ''rovescio'' travels, that you make with your body a little turn in such a way that your left shoulder is found somewhat more forward than your right, and that your left arm follow the right through the forward side, so that it is found toward the right side; and make additionally a slight turn of your left leg on the point of your foot through the draw, and the heel should be somewhat lifted from the ground; and together with this make your right leg lie extended, with the body somewhat erect: you see how I do it? </p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 95r.jpg|7|lbl=95r.7}}
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| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 95r.jpg|7|lbl=95r.7}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/156|f1|lbl=-}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/156|f1|lbl=-}}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 96r.jpg|5|lbl=96r.5}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 96r.jpg|5|lbl=96r.5|p=1}}<ref>This is the same as the statement from Rodomonte two paragraphs down in the printed book.</ref>
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
  
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| rowspan="6" | <p>ROD: I would not know how to do it otherwise; it seems that nature forms such a figure finding yourself in that place with your right side forward, and wanting to throw that ''rovescio'' quite high, as much as can be done, without pivoting or turning the hand; but do it several times, paying attention to all the particulars of which I have told you. </p>
 
| rowspan="6" | <p>ROD: I would not know how to do it otherwise; it seems that nature forms such a figure finding yourself in that place with your right side forward, and wanting to throw that ''rovescio'' quite high, as much as can be done, without pivoting or turning the hand; but do it several times, paying attention to all the particulars of which I have told you. </p>
 
| <p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/156|9|lbl=66r.9}}
+
| class="noline" |  
 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/156|9|lbl=66r.9|p=1}}<ref>This is the same as the statement from Rodomonte two paragraphs up in the manuscript.</ref>
  
 
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| rowspan="2" |  
 
| rowspan="2" |  
 
| rowspan="2" | <p>CON: The Principe Guglielmo, his son. Now here I would like, ''Dottore'', that you fixate yourself to contemplate this noble young man, full of holy and Catholic zeal, entirely ardent of charity against poverty, wholly given over to pondering things abstract and remote from the common science of others. And without doubt you will judge that this must turn out to be a most clear example of virtue, of goodness, of generosity, and of humanity above all others. But tell me, Rodomonte, now that we have seen the seven guards, don’t you wish to teach me the ''schermo'' you proposed to me?</p>
 
| rowspan="2" | <p>CON: The Principe Guglielmo, his son. Now here I would like, ''Dottore'', that you fixate yourself to contemplate this noble young man, full of holy and Catholic zeal, entirely ardent of charity against poverty, wholly given over to pondering things abstract and remote from the common science of others. And without doubt you will judge that this must turn out to be a most clear example of virtue, of goodness, of generosity, and of humanity above all others. But tell me, Rodomonte, now that we have seen the seven guards, don’t you wish to teach me the ''schermo'' you proposed to me?</p>
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|10|lbl=78v.10|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|1|lbl=79r.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|10|lbl=78v.10|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|1|lbl=79r.1|p=1}}
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<p>ROD: If we live, ''conte'', we will see this ''Signore'' the chief of all the knights and ''Signori'', he being blessed with valor, virtue, and knowledge.</p>
 
<p>ROD: If we live, ''conte'', we will see this ''Signore'' the chief of all the knights and ''Signori'', he being blessed with valor, virtue, and knowledge.</p>
|  
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| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|f3|lbl=-}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|f3|lbl=-}}
  
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|  
 
|  
 
| <p>ROD: In accord with our discussion, by “''tempo''” I intend “motion”, not the number of the motion, as you mean. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: In accord with our discussion, by “''tempo''” I intend “motion”, not the number of the motion, as you mean. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113v.jpg|2|lbl=113v.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|3|lbl=81r.3}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113v.jpg|3|lbl=113v.3}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113v.jpg|4|lbl=113v.4}}
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|3|lbl=81r.3}}
 
  
 
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Line 3,543: Line 3,571:
  
 
<p>CON: Listen to me a bit, please, Rodomonte; if you came against me wishing to offend me, what should I do? </p>
 
<p>CON: Listen to me a bit, please, Rodomonte; if you came against me wishing to offend me, what should I do? </p>
|  
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 113v.jpg|5|lbl=113v.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|f2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|f2|lbl=-}}
  
Line 3,551: Line 3,581:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>ROD: Come against me always in ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''; but not, however, in a mind to offend me immediately; because if we were both of equal height, then we would offend each other equally, using the same offense in the very same ''tempo'', and if I were taller than you, it could easily occur that my point offended you, I remaining without any harm, or at least with much less. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: Come against me always in ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''; but not, however, in a mind to offend me immediately; because if we were both of equal height, then we would offend each other equally, using the same offense in the very same ''tempo'', and if I were taller than you, it could easily occur that my point offended you, I remaining without any harm, or at least with much less. </p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113v.jpg|6|lbl=113v.6}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|5|lbl=81r.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|5|lbl=81r.5}}
  
Line 3,557: Line 3,587:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>CON: So you want me to always use this guard? </p>
 
| <p>CON: So you want me to always use this guard? </p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113v.jpg|7|lbl=113v.7}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|6|lbl=81r.6}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|6|lbl=81r.6}}
  
Line 3,565: Line 3,595:
  
 
<p>ROD: Yes Sir, because it is always the most perfect, and better than others in order to defend yourself in every dangerous case. Look; if I were settled in ''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta'', wanting to offend your head with a ''mandritto'' from high to low, what protection would you find, ''conte'', from that ''fendente''? </p>
 
<p>ROD: Yes Sir, because it is always the most perfect, and better than others in order to defend yourself in every dangerous case. Look; if I were settled in ''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta'', wanting to offend your head with a ''mandritto'' from high to low, what protection would you find, ''conte'', from that ''fendente''? </p>
|  
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 113v.jpg|8|lbl=113v.8|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114r.jpg|1|lbl=114r.1|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|f3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|f3|lbl=-}}
  
Line 3,575: Line 3,607:
  
 
<p>CON: I would reset myself in ''guardia stretta, difensiva'', formed from the ''meza punta sopramano'' with the right foot forward; and when your ''mandritto'' fell, I would lift my sword going against yours, as if I wanted to form another ''mandritto'', but in such a fashion that the point of my sword did not fall, but rather went higher than my pommel, holding my arm well extended. In this fashion the swords would connect each other true edge to true edge, in the manner of a cross. </p>
 
<p>CON: I would reset myself in ''guardia stretta, difensiva'', formed from the ''meza punta sopramano'' with the right foot forward; and when your ''mandritto'' fell, I would lift my sword going against yours, as if I wanted to form another ''mandritto'', but in such a fashion that the point of my sword did not fall, but rather went higher than my pommel, holding my arm well extended. In this fashion the swords would connect each other true edge to true edge, in the manner of a cross. </p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 114r.jpg|2|lbl=114r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|f4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|f4|lbl=-}}
  
Line 3,581: Line 3,615:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| rowspan="3" |  
| <p><small>''One defending oneself from a ''mandritto discendente'' with a ''mandritto ascendente'' cannot in any way offend his enemy without great danger.''</small></p>
+
| rowspan="3" | <p><small>''One defending oneself from a ''mandritto discendente'' with a ''mandritto ascendente'' cannot in any way offend his enemy without great danger.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>ROD: This is the common ''schermo'' that all the Masters teach, and the greatest part of combatants use; but this is not a good protection for defending your head, because you cannot deny, ''conte'' (following reason) that the blows which fall from high to low are superior to those contrary ascending blows; hence with my falling blow I could so encumber your sword that you could still be harmed. And if it happened that you did defend yourself, how would you escape that thicket of my having wanted to harm you?</p>
 
<p>ROD: This is the common ''schermo'' that all the Masters teach, and the greatest part of combatants use; but this is not a good protection for defending your head, because you cannot deny, ''conte'' (following reason) that the blows which fall from high to low are superior to those contrary ascending blows; hence with my falling blow I could so encumber your sword that you could still be harmed. And if it happened that you did defend yourself, how would you escape that thicket of my having wanted to harm you?</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|f1|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 114r.jpg|3|lbl=114r.3}}
 +
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|f1|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|2|lbl=81v.2}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|2|lbl=81v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114r.jpg|4|lbl=114r.4}}
| <p>CON: I would turn the point of my sword to my left side, over yours, and from there I would offend your head with a ''rovescio''. </p>
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|3|lbl=81v.3}}
|  
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|3|lbl=81v.3}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114r.jpg|5|lbl=114r.5}}
| <p>ROD: While your ''rovescio'' travels, my sword, which remains in descent, will soon fall and offend you in the head in this fashion. </p>
 
|  
 
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|4|lbl=81v.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|4|lbl=81v.4}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>CON: I would therefore lower the point of my sword toward my right side in such a way that yours had to take a path to drop by my right side down to the ground; because such would be its travel; where lowering, or not lowering your sword, I would send it toward my left side without moving the fist that holds my sword, and then I would drop from high to low with a ''rovescio'' to the right side of your head, and do it like so. </p>
+
| <p>CON: I would turn the point of my sword to my left side, over yours, and from there I would offend your head with a ''rovescio''. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 114r.jpg|6|lbl=114r.6|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|1|lbl=114v.1|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|5|lbl=81v.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|5|lbl=81v.5}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>ROD: And I, in that very same ''tempo'', would turn my true edge against yours, encumbering it, and I would remain defended, and what is more, I could offend you with a ''rovescio'' to your right arm, like so. </p>
+
| <p>ROD: While your ''rovescio'' travels, my sword, which remains in descent, will soon fall and offend you in the head in this fashion. </p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|2|lbl=114v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|6|lbl=81v.6}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|6|lbl=81v.6}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>CON: Therefore I would cross the swords as I did earlier, that is, true edge to true edge, and distancing mine from yours somewhat, I would drop with a ''mandritto'' to the leg on your left side in this fashion. </p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|7|lbl=81v.7}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|3|lbl=114v.3}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>ROD: But during all that, couldn’t my sword finish falling, and offend you indeed in your upper body, in the ''tempo'' in which you drop to my leg? See? </p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|4|lbl=114v.4}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|8|lbl=81v.8|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|1|lbl=82r.1|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>CON: In fact this is true. </p>
+
| <p>CON: I would therefore lower the point of my sword toward my right side in such a way that yours had to take a path to drop by my right side down to the ground; because such would be its travel; where lowering, or not lowering your sword, I would send it toward my left side without moving the fist that holds my sword, and then I would drop from high to low with a ''rovescio'' to the right side of your head, and do it like so. </p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|5|lbl=114v.5}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|7|lbl=81v.7}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>ROD: Return at ease to ''guardia stretta difensiva''. </p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|6|lbl=114v.6}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>CON: Here you are. </p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|7|lbl=114v.7}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>''Various feints against he who wished to defend himself from a ''mandritto discendente'' with a ''mandritto ascendente.</small></p>
+
| <p>ROD: And I, in that very same ''tempo'', would turn my true edge against yours, encumbering it, and I would remain defended, and what is more, I could offend you with a ''rovescio'' to your right arm, like so. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|8|lbl=114v.8}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|8|lbl=81v.8}}
  
<p>ROD: If you don’t make some other block than this earlier one of yours, then I, settled in ''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta'', as you see, could feign to offend you with a ''mandritto discendente'' to your head, and you defending yourself with another ''mandritto'' of your own, I will then be able, in dropping from high to low, to make my sword not to touch yours (in this fashion) and offend your right arm near the hand, and then retreat, so that you remain with your arm struck. I could also go to find your right leg instead of your arm, and then retreat; I could make a feint that I want to offend you on the right side of your head, by making only a half turn of my wrist; I could also feign to want to offend you from high to low with a ''mandritto'', and immediately turn the point of my sword forward, into the manner of the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', and from here drop from high to low, and stick this ''punta sopramano'' into the middle of your chest, and then promptly retreat. Do you see, ''conte'', how many feints I could make, only as a result of you being settled in ''guardia stretta, difensiva'', against my ''guardia alta offensiva, imperfetta''? And through defending yourself from my ''mandritto discendente'' with your opposite ''mezo mandritto''? This is, therefore, not the good parry. </p>
+
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>CON: Therefore I would cross the swords as I did earlier, that is, true edge to true edge, and distancing mine from yours somewhat, I would drop with a ''mandritto'' to the leg on your left side in this fashion. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 114v.jpg|9|lbl=114v.9|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115r.jpg|1|lbl=115r.1|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|9|lbl=81v.9}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="3" |
 +
| rowspan="3" | <p>ROD: But during all that, couldn’t my sword finish falling, and offend you indeed in your upper body, in the ''tempo'' in which you drop to my leg? See? </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115r.jpg|2|lbl=115r.2}}
 +
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/187|10|lbl=81v.10}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115r.jpg|3|lbl=115r.3}}
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 +
|-
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115r.jpg|4|lbl=115r.4}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|1|lbl=82r.1}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>CON: In fact this is true. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115r.jpg|5|lbl=115r.5}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|2|lbl=82r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>CON: What, then, should I do? </p>
+
| <p>ROD: Return at ease to ''guardia stretta difensiva''. </p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115r.jpg|6|lbl=115r.6}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|3|lbl=82r.3}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p>CON: Here you are. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115r.jpg|7|lbl=115r.7}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|4|lbl=82r.4}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| <p><small>''Various feints against he who wished to defend himself from a ''mandritto discendente'' with a ''mandritto ascendente.</small></p>
 +
 +
<p>ROD: If you don’t make some other block than this earlier one of yours, then I, settled in ''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta'', as you see, could feign to offend you with a ''mandritto discendente'' to your head, and you defending yourself with another ''mandritto'' of your own, I will then be able, in dropping from high to low, to make my sword not to touch yours (in this fashion) and offend your right arm near the hand, and then retreat, so that you remain with your arm struck. I could also go to find your right leg instead of your arm, and then retreat; I could make a feint that I want to offend you on the right side of your head, by making only a half turn of my wrist; I could also feign to want to offend you from high to low with a ''mandritto'', and immediately turn the point of my sword forward, into the manner of the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', and from here drop from high to low, and stick this ''punta sopramano'' into the middle of your chest, and then promptly retreat. Do you see, ''conte'', how many feints I could make, only as a result of you being settled in ''guardia stretta, difensiva'', against my ''guardia alta offensiva, imperfetta''? And through defending yourself from my ''mandritto discendente'' with your opposite ''mezo mandritto''? This is, therefore, not the good parry. </p>
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 115r.jpg|8|lbl=115r.8|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115v.jpg|1|lbl=115v.1|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|f1|lbl=-}}
 +
 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|5|lbl=82r.5}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>CON: What, then, should I do? </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 115v.jpg|2|lbl=115v.2}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|6|lbl=82r.6}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="2" |
 
| <p><small>''A better defense to all the enemy’s blows is to beat aside with a ''mezo rovescio tondo'' and in one ''tempo'' offend, thrusting the ''punta sopramano.</small></p>
 
| <p><small>''A better defense to all the enemy’s blows is to beat aside with a ''mezo rovescio tondo'' and in one ''tempo'' offend, thrusting the ''punta sopramano.</small></p>
  
 
<p>ROD: It behooves you (to deliver your enemy some desired blow) that (being in that ''guardia stretta, difensiva'' with your right foot forward) you turn the point of your sword toward your left side, diagonally, so that the point faces that same side, and the pommel is on your right, as if you wanted to lay hand to the sword, and from here uniting all the strength of your body together, do the same ''rovescio tondo'' with those same turns of the hand and the feet of which I have told you, and in the same manner; </p>
 
<p>ROD: It behooves you (to deliver your enemy some desired blow) that (being in that ''guardia stretta, difensiva'' with your right foot forward) you turn the point of your sword toward your left side, diagonally, so that the point faces that same side, and the pommel is on your right, as if you wanted to lay hand to the sword, and from here uniting all the strength of your body together, do the same ''rovescio tondo'' with those same turns of the hand and the feet of which I have told you, and in the same manner; </p>
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
  
<p><small>''When it is possible to break the enemy’s sword.''</small></p>
+
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 115v.jpg|3|lbl=115v.3}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|f2|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/188|7|lbl=82r.7|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/189|1|lbl=82v.1|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p><small>''When it is possible to break the enemy’s sword.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>but pay heed that in this delivering of the ''rovescio'', the swords meet each other true edge to true edge, but that the forte of your sword will have met the ''debole'' of mine, whereby mine could be easily broken by virtue of the disadvantage of such a meeting, and also because of the fall of the cut; and you will also be more secure, being shielded by the forte of your sword. </p>
 
<p>but pay heed that in this delivering of the ''rovescio'', the swords meet each other true edge to true edge, but that the forte of your sword will have met the ''debole'' of mine, whereby mine could be easily broken by virtue of the disadvantage of such a meeting, and also because of the fall of the cut; and you will also be more secure, being shielded by the forte of your sword. </p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
|  
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 115v.jpg|4|lbl=115v.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 116r.jpg|1|lbl=116r.1|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/189|f1|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/189|2|lbl=82v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>CON: How should I avenge myself of the insult? </p>
 
| <p>CON: How should I avenge myself of the insult? </p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 116r.jpg|2|lbl=116r.2}}
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/189|3|lbl=82v.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 3,682: Line 3,774:
  
 
<p>ROD: While my ''mandritto'' is beat aside by your ''rovescio tondo'', it will go by your right side; lift up your sword hand somewhat, and turn the true edge toward the sky, and make the point of the sword drop somewhat, and move yourself toward me with your right foot forward with a big step, and then immediately drop your left arm, and make your right shoulder throw your right arm forward, declining toward me from high to low, with that ''punta sopramano offensiva'', accompanying it in all of the said manners; and if I do not give you a response with some blow, do not halt there, but lift your sword, and going with it a span forward of your right knee, you will fix yourself in ''guardia stretta offensiva, perfetta''; this is a perfect offense, which you must do following the insult received from me, and following your defense. But if I turned to some other blow in order to offend you, then you, with the same ''rovescio tondo'', will always be able to beat back my sword toward your right side, and return to offend me in the chest with the same ''punta sopramano, offensiva, perfetta''; and thus after you defend yourself, you will always be able to offend me again in the chest with the ''punta sopramano perfetta''; therefore it is the most perfect and secure blow that can be found, and to express it succinctly, this is called “Great blow”, because it is necessary to make a conjoining and a union of all the strength of the body, of the wits, of the senses, and of the art; and accompanying the said blow, reveals one to be endowed with knowledge, with heart, and with temperance. Watch, I pray you, how I do it. </p>
 
<p>ROD: While my ''mandritto'' is beat aside by your ''rovescio tondo'', it will go by your right side; lift up your sword hand somewhat, and turn the true edge toward the sky, and make the point of the sword drop somewhat, and move yourself toward me with your right foot forward with a big step, and then immediately drop your left arm, and make your right shoulder throw your right arm forward, declining toward me from high to low, with that ''punta sopramano offensiva'', accompanying it in all of the said manners; and if I do not give you a response with some blow, do not halt there, but lift your sword, and going with it a span forward of your right knee, you will fix yourself in ''guardia stretta offensiva, perfetta''; this is a perfect offense, which you must do following the insult received from me, and following your defense. But if I turned to some other blow in order to offend you, then you, with the same ''rovescio tondo'', will always be able to beat back my sword toward your right side, and return to offend me in the chest with the same ''punta sopramano, offensiva, perfetta''; and thus after you defend yourself, you will always be able to offend me again in the chest with the ''punta sopramano perfetta''; therefore it is the most perfect and secure blow that can be found, and to express it succinctly, this is called “Great blow”, because it is necessary to make a conjoining and a union of all the strength of the body, of the wits, of the senses, and of the art; and accompanying the said blow, reveals one to be endowed with knowledge, with heart, and with temperance. Watch, I pray you, how I do it. </p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
|  
+
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 116r.jpg|3|lbl=116r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 116v.jpg|1|lbl=116v.1|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/190|f1|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/189|4|lbl=82v.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/190|1|lbl=83r.1|p=1}}
  
 
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| <p>CON: I am watching, and with great happiness. </p>
 
| <p>CON: I am watching, and with great happiness. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 116v.jpg|2|lbl=116v.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/190|2|lbl=83r.2}}
  
 
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| <p>BOC: You have done the same ''schermo'' that you taught him a little ago, having said it anew, part by part. </p>
 
| <p>BOC: You have done the same ''schermo'' that you taught him a little ago, having said it anew, part by part. </p>
|  
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 116v.jpg|3|lbl=116v.3}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/190|3|lbl=83r.3}}
  
 
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Line 3,701: Line 3,797:
 
| <p>ROD: And you philosophers, will you not make to the limit of your abilities, an epilogue, containing in brief the substance of the entire work? And accordingly, I, in order to show him how good and perfect this, my ''schermo'', is for offending and for defending, have shown him in this particular case of how much power it is; tomorrow, then, I will show him of how much importance it is in every way that can be done, both of offense and of defense; but now I am ever so wearied, and we have already had swords in hand for nearly two hours; I would not like the ''conte'' Ugo to wait for me overlong, for we have to ride together for recreation. Oh, have you nothing to say, ''conte''? </p>
 
| <p>ROD: And you philosophers, will you not make to the limit of your abilities, an epilogue, containing in brief the substance of the entire work? And accordingly, I, in order to show him how good and perfect this, my ''schermo'', is for offending and for defending, have shown him in this particular case of how much power it is; tomorrow, then, I will show him of how much importance it is in every way that can be done, both of offense and of defense; but now I am ever so wearied, and we have already had swords in hand for nearly two hours; I would not like the ''conte'' Ugo to wait for me overlong, for we have to ride together for recreation. Oh, have you nothing to say, ''conte''? </p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 116v.jpg|4|lbl=116v.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 117r.jpg|1|lbl=117r.1|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/190|4|lbl=83r.4}}
  
 
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Line 3,708: Line 3,805:
  
 
<p>CON: I am full of amazement, seeing how utterly perfect is this ''schermo'' of yours, and fundamental to all wielding of the sword; but how have you reduced everything to a perfect offense, and to a perfect guard? </p>
 
<p>CON: I am full of amazement, seeing how utterly perfect is this ''schermo'' of yours, and fundamental to all wielding of the sword; but how have you reduced everything to a perfect offense, and to a perfect guard? </p>
|  
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 117r.jpg|2|lbl=117r.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/190|f2|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/190|5|lbl=83r.5}}
  
 
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Line 3,715: Line 3,816:
 
| <p>BOC: If our Aristotle entirely reduces the ten Predicaments under two headings, “substance” and “accident”, or, we wish to say better, under “action” and under “potentiality”, as each thing will be either an action or a potentiality, similarly does the unvanquished Rodomonte reduce under these two headings all his art: that is, under “offense”, which is action, and under “defense”, or “guard”, which is potentiality; and in taking the most perfect action and the most perfect potentiality, has therein enclosed every other inferior action, and every other inferior potentiality. </p>
 
| <p>BOC: If our Aristotle entirely reduces the ten Predicaments under two headings, “substance” and “accident”, or, we wish to say better, under “action” and under “potentiality”, as each thing will be either an action or a potentiality, similarly does the unvanquished Rodomonte reduce under these two headings all his art: that is, under “offense”, which is action, and under “defense”, or “guard”, which is potentiality; and in taking the most perfect action and the most perfect potentiality, has therein enclosed every other inferior action, and every other inferior potentiality. </p>
 
|  
 
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 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 117r.jpg|3|lbl=117r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 117v.jpg|1|lbl=117v.1|p=1}}
 
|  
 
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 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/190|6|lbl=83r.6|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/191|1|lbl=83v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>CON: Rodomonte could have struck me a thousand times today with that thrust, yet he wanted that I might make some parry thereto, and this although I have learned something from many most skillful men, and Masters, and have practiced now and then. </p>
 
| <p>CON: Rodomonte could have struck me a thousand times today with that thrust, yet he wanted that I might make some parry thereto, and this although I have learned something from many most skillful men, and Masters, and have practiced now and then. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 117v.jpg|2|lbl=117v.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/191|2|lbl=83v.2}}
  
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>BOC: It may be that if you were earnestly at blows, that Rodomonte would have the worse, if he lacked luck. I have seen the most skillful and practiced men many times do worse than others unpracticed in battle. As I could clarify to you by many examples, ancient and modern. </p>
 
| <p>BOC: It may be that if you were earnestly at blows, that Rodomonte would have the worse, if he lacked luck. I have seen the most skillful and practiced men many times do worse than others unpracticed in battle. As I could clarify to you by many examples, ancient and modern. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 117v.jpg|3|lbl=117v.3}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/191|3|lbl=83v.3}}
  
 
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| <p>CON: This I do not believe. </p>
 
| <p>CON: This I do not believe. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 117v.jpg|4|lbl=117v.4}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/191|4|lbl=83v.4}}
  
 
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| rowspan="3" |  
| <p><small>''Why he who does this schermo more, often fares worse in the quarreling.''</small></p>
+
| class="noline" | <p><small>''Why he who does this ''schermo'' more, often fares worse in the quarreling.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>ROD: The ''Dottore'' speaks truly; I believe that this happens for one of two reasons: the first is that the man blessed in this art is wanting in courage, or in choleric temperament; the other is, that many times the man, through excessive courage and art, is sensed to make an error, as a result of which he is overcome and vanquished. It may also be said that fortune may be the cause of this; she, as the enemy of virtue, cannot endure that one who is virtuous advances himself with aid other than hers, fearing that the people will abandon her and thereby have recourse to virtue. </p>
 
<p>ROD: The ''Dottore'' speaks truly; I believe that this happens for one of two reasons: the first is that the man blessed in this art is wanting in courage, or in choleric temperament; the other is, that many times the man, through excessive courage and art, is sensed to make an error, as a result of which he is overcome and vanquished. It may also be said that fortune may be the cause of this; she, as the enemy of virtue, cannot endure that one who is virtuous advances himself with aid other than hers, fearing that the people will abandon her and thereby have recourse to virtue. </p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/191|f1|lbl=-}}
  
<p><small>''Luck most often aids the ignorant.''</small></p>
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/191|5|lbl=83v.5}}
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| class="noline" |
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 118r.jpg|2|lbl=118r.2}}
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| class="noline" |
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 +
|-
 +
| <p><small>''Luck most often aids the ignorant.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>Do you not see, ''conte'', that if the virtuous advance themselves, it would be believed that they were advanced through their virtue, and not through the benefit of fortune, so that every man would give himself to virtue, abandoning fortune entirely? And thereby it is seen that she most often aids the ignorant. </p>
 
<p>Do you not see, ''conte'', that if the virtuous advance themselves, it would be believed that they were advanced through their virtue, and not through the benefit of fortune, so that every man would give himself to virtue, abandoning fortune entirely? And thereby it is seen that she most often aids the ignorant. </p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 118r.jpg|3|lbl=118r.3}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/191|f2|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/191|6|lbl=83v.6}}
  
 
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| <p>BOC: This is most lovely reasoning. I will therefore remain without learning this virtue of arms of yours, placing myself in the hands of fortune, which will aid me in such occasions. </p>
 
| <p>BOC: This is most lovely reasoning. I will therefore remain without learning this virtue of arms of yours, placing myself in the hands of fortune, which will aid me in such occasions. </p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 118r.jpg|4|lbl=118r.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 118r.jpg|4|lbl=118r.4}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/192|1|lbl=84r.1}}
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Latest revision as of 14:38, 24 March 2024

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

As the older text, the 1567 presentation manuscript is used to structure the treatise on this page. Viggiani's printed book includes side notes that indicate the topic discussed in a particular region of each page; because we can't display them that way on this site, they're added into the text at the beginning of the paragraph they describe.

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. This is the same as the statement from Rodomonte two paragraphs down in the printed book.
  12. This is the same as the statement from Rodomonte two paragraphs up in the manuscript.
  13. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  14. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  15. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.
  16. Misnumbered 73.