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Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

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| <p>ROD: A most excellent argument from the least to the greatest. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: A most excellent argument from the least to the greatest. </p>
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| <p>CON: And if finding myself at a distance from the enemy, I were to make a sign that I wished to do offense to his head with some blow from high to low using the edge, and not the point? </p>
 
| <p>CON: And if finding myself at a distance from the enemy, I were to make a sign that I wished to do offense to his head with some blow from high to low using the edge, and not the point? </p>
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| rowspan="3" | <p>ROD: You would induce less terror thereby; because his left arm holds the care and safekeeping of head in taking the blow with his hand, or in restraining its force with his arm;<ref>Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a ''fendente'' by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “''…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…''”</ref> thus the point is always more perfect and offensive than the edge. </p>
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| <p>ROD: You would induce less terror thereby; because his left arm holds the care and safekeeping of head in taking the blow with his hand, or in restraining its force with his arm;<ref>Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a ''fendente'' by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “''…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…''”</ref> thus the point is always more perfect and offensive than the edge. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/161|5|lbl=68v.5}}
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| <p>CON: Thus we make use only of the strike of the point in the Roman fashion, and not of the edge, as much in close range as in far. </p>
 
| <p>CON: Thus we make use only of the strike of the point in the Roman fashion, and not of the edge, as much in close range as in far. </p>
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<p>ROD: And we see as well that we thrust it into the depth of the nobler parts, where the wounds are crueler and more deadly. </p>
 
<p>ROD: And we see as well that we thrust it into the depth of the nobler parts, where the wounds are crueler and more deadly. </p>
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| <p><small>''Praise for the Most Illustrious ''Signor Duca'' Hercole IV di Ferrara.''</small></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 99r.jpg|10|lbl=99r.10|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 99v.jpg|1|lbl=99v.1|p=1}}
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| rowspan="4" | <p><small>''Praise for the Most Illustrious ''Signor Duca'' Hercole IV di Ferrara.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>CON: Very well, so this is your second guard; I have understood it, and if I practice it, I will do it well before too much time passes. I have heard it said that this guard is well liked by the ''Signor Duca ''Hercole Quarto di Ferrara, who in addition to his many other virtues, is extremely delighted by the military art, and that of the unaccompanied sword. </p>
 
<p>CON: Very well, so this is your second guard; I have understood it, and if I practice it, I will do it well before too much time passes. I have heard it said that this guard is well liked by the ''Signor Duca ''Hercole Quarto di Ferrara, who in addition to his many other virtues, is extremely delighted by the military art, and that of the unaccompanied sword. </p>
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| <p>ROD: That is quite reasonable, because as this guard is quickest to offend it is fitting to a knight most quick, and desirous of striking his enemy, as it is seen that the ''Signor Duca'' was in the joust and in the public combats when he was exercising; then had he always well accomplished the keeping of the peace for his people. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: That is quite reasonable, because as this guard is quickest to offend it is fitting to a knight most quick, and desirous of striking his enemy, as it is seen that the ''Signor Duca'' was in the joust and in the public combats when he was exercising; then had he always well accomplished the keeping of the peace for his people. </p>
 
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| <p>CON: I have always heard him celebrated as such, and infinitely commended, and I hear that in writing he is hailed greatly as well. </p>
 
| <p>CON: I have always heard him celebrated as such, and infinitely commended, and I hear that in writing he is hailed greatly as well. </p>
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| <p>ROD: Hailed certainly, and it is no wonder, for he is among the ideal and wisest Princes that this age has. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: Hailed certainly, and it is no wonder, for he is among the ideal and wisest Princes that this age has. </p>
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| <p>CON: Now teach me the third. </p>
 
| <p>CON: Now teach me the third. </p>
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| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 69v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Terza guardia alta, offensiva,''' imperfetta''; formed from the ''rovescio ascendente'', from which originates a ''mandritto descendente'', either full or half. </p>
 
<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Terza guardia alta, offensiva,''' imperfetta''; formed from the ''rovescio ascendente'', from which originates a ''mandritto descendente'', either full or half. </p>
 
{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|100r|jpg}}
 
{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|100r|jpg}}
 
{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|163|lbl=69v}}
 
{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|163|lbl=69v}}
 
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| <p><small>''Third guard, called “''guardia alta offensiva imperfetta''”.''</small></p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''Third guard, called “''guardia alta offensiva imperfetta''”.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>ROD: Willingly; do the ''rovescio'' from low to high in drawing forth your sword so that it goes so high that the point of the sword looks to the sky, and that your wrist makes a half turn, in such fashion that the true edge faces up toward the sky, and the false, together with the point of your sword, faces toward the right side of your body over your right shoulder, and the pommel of your sword faces me, making all of those turns of the body, the hand, and the feet, of which I taught you in the other guard. This will be our third guard, called “''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta''”. </p>
 
<p>ROD: Willingly; do the ''rovescio'' from low to high in drawing forth your sword so that it goes so high that the point of the sword looks to the sky, and that your wrist makes a half turn, in such fashion that the true edge faces up toward the sky, and the false, together with the point of your sword, faces toward the right side of your body over your right shoulder, and the pommel of your sword faces me, making all of those turns of the body, the hand, and the feet, of which I taught you in the other guard. This will be our third guard, called “''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta''”. </p>
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<p>You see how I do it? And how I pull this ''rovescio'' up high, and how as the ''rovescio'' travels I make a half turn with my wrist; look how the point of the sword together with the false edge faces behind me. This guard does not give rise to a thrust, but rather a ''mandritto'' to your upper body, if I allow it to fall. </p>
 
<p>You see how I do it? And how I pull this ''rovescio'' up high, and how as the ''rovescio'' travels I make a half turn with my wrist; look how the point of the sword together with the false edge faces behind me. This guard does not give rise to a thrust, but rather a ''mandritto'' to your upper body, if I allow it to fall. </p>
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| <p>ROD: Let the blow fall, and you would have contacted me forcefully in the head, if I had not otherwise made a defense. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: Let the blow fall, and you would have contacted me forcefully in the head, if I had not otherwise made a defense. </p>
 
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| <p>CON: Why is it called “''imperfetta''”? </p>
 
| <p>CON: Why is it called “''imperfetta''”? </p>
 
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| <p><small>''Why the third guard is called “''imperfetta''” and “''offensiva''”.''</small></p>
 
| <p><small>''Why the third guard is called “''imperfetta''” and “''offensiva''”.''</small></p>
  

Revision as of 22:28, 27 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  12. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  13. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.