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Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

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| class="noline" | <p>'''To the Most Unvanquished and Serene Maximillian, King of Bohemia.'''</p>
 
| class="noline" | <p>'''To the Most Unvanquished and Serene Maximillian, King of Bohemia.'''</p>
  
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| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 57v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 57v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
 
<p>'''Tree of Principal Blows'''</p>
 
<p>'''Tree of Principal Blows'''</p>
 
 
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 87r.jpg|1|lbl=87r}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 87r.jpg|1|lbl=87r}}
 
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/139|1|lbl=57v}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/139|1|lbl=57v}}
 
| class="noline" | <p><small>''Division of the family of strikes into types according to their differences.''</small></p>
 
| class="noline" | <p><small>''Division of the family of strikes into types according to their differences.''</small></p>
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| rowspan="14" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 65v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="14" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 65v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
 
<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Prima guardia difensiva, imperfetta'''''; formed from girding the sword at the left side, from whence originates the ''rovescio ascendente''.</p>
 
<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Prima guardia difensiva, imperfetta'''''; formed from girding the sword at the left side, from whence originates the ''rovescio ascendente''.</p>
 
 
{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|95v|jpg}}
 
{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|95v|jpg}}
 
 
{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|155|lbl=65v}}
 
{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|155|lbl=65v}}
 
</div>
 
</div>
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| rowspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 67r detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 67r detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
 
<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Seconda guardia alta, offensiva,''' perfetta''; formed from the ''rovescio ascendente'', from which originates the ''punta sopramano offensiva'', either complete or incomplete.</p>
 
<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Seconda guardia alta, offensiva,''' perfetta''; formed from the ''rovescio ascendente'', from which originates the ''punta sopramano offensiva'', either complete or incomplete.</p>
 
 
{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|96v|jpg}}
 
{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|96v|jpg}}
 
 
{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|158|lbl=67r}}
 
{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|158|lbl=67r}}
 
</div>
 
</div>
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| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 69v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 69v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Terza guardia alta, offensiva,''' imperfetta''; formed from the ''rovescio ascendente'', from which originates a ''mandritto descendente'', either full or half. </p>
<p>'''''Terza guardia alta, offensiva,''' imperfetta''; formed from the ''rovescio ascendente'', from which originates a ''mandritto descendente'', either full or half. </p>
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| <p><small>''Third guard, called “''guardia alta offensiva imperfetta''”.''</small></p>
 
| <p><small>''Third guard, called “''guardia alta offensiva imperfetta''”.''</small></p>
  
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| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 71v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 71v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Quarta guardia larga, difensiva,''' imperfetta''; formed from the full ''punta sopramano'', and from which originates the ''rovescio ritondo''.</p>
<p>'''''Quarta guardia larga, difensiva,''' imperfetta''; formed from the full ''punta sopramano'', and from which originates the ''rovescio ritondo''. </p>
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{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|167|lbl=71v}}
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| <p><small>''How one must reset and move the body in order to make the fourth guard.''</small></p>
 
| <p><small>''How one must reset and move the body in order to make the fourth guard.''</small></p>
  
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| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 72v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Quinta guardia stretta,''' difensiva, perfetta'', formed from the ''meza punta sopramano, offensiva'', from which originates a ''mezo rovescio tondo''. </p>
<p>'''''Quinta guardia stretta,''' difensiva, perfetta'', formed from the ''meza punta sopramano, offensiva'', from which originates a ''mezo rovescio tondo''. </p>
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{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|103v|jpg}}
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{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|169|lbl=72v}}
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</div>
 
| <p>ROD: That it does, and that thrust is a perfect blow, sticking it as far as you can reach with your arm. If you find yourself, then, ''conte'', in the ''guardia alta offensiva perfetta'' (also with the right foot forward) and from here throwing an ''imbroccata sopramano offensiva'', and</p>
 
| <p>ROD: That it does, and that thrust is a perfect blow, sticking it as far as you can reach with your arm. If you find yourself, then, ''conte'', in the ''guardia alta offensiva perfetta'' (also with the right foot forward) and from here throwing an ''imbroccata sopramano offensiva'', and</p>
  
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;">{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|104r|jpg}}</div>
 
| rowspan="5" | <p><small>''From the ''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta'' originates a full ''mandritto, offensivo, imperfetto.</small></p>
 
| rowspan="5" | <p><small>''From the ''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta'' originates a full ''mandritto, offensivo, imperfetto.</small></p>
  
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| rowspan="8" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Cod. 10723 105r detail.png|400px|center]]
 
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;">{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|105r|jpg}}</div>
 
 
 
| <p><small>''From ''guardia alta offensiva imperfetta'' can originate a ''mezo mandritto offensivo, imperfetto.</small></p>
 
| <p><small>''From ''guardia alta offensiva imperfetta'' can originate a ''mezo mandritto offensivo, imperfetto.</small></p>
  
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| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 74v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Sesta guardia larga, offensiva,''' imperfetta''; formed from the full ''rovescio difensivo''; from which originates the resetting into ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''.</p>
<p>'''''Sesta guardia larga, offensiva,''' imperfetta''; formed from the full ''rovescio difensivo''; from which originates the resetting into ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''. </p>
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{{paget|Page:Cod.10723|106r|jpg}}
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{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|173|lbl=74v}}
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</div>
 
| <p><small>''How one must do the sixth guard, called “''larga offensiva imperfetta''”.''</small></p>
 
| <p><small>''How one must do the sixth guard, called “''larga offensiva imperfetta''”.''</small></p>
  
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| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 75v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 75v detail.jpg|400px|center]]
 
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''''Settima guardia stretta, offensiva,''' perfetta'', formed from the ''mezo rovescio difensivo'', from which one will be able to reset into ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''.</p>
<p>'''''Settima guardia stretta, offensiva,''' perfetta'', formed from the ''mezo rovescio difensivo'', from which one will be able to reset into ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''. </p>
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{{pagetb|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf|175|lbl=75v}}
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| <p><small>''How one must do the seventh guard, named “''stretta offensiva, perfetta''”.''</small></p>
 
| <p><small>''How one must do the seventh guard, named “''stretta offensiva, perfetta''”.''</small></p>
  
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<div style="margin: 0 auto; width: 400px;"><p>'''Tree of the Guards'''</p>
<p>'''Tree of the Guards'''</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 109v.jpg|1|lbl=109v}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/179|1|lbl=77v}}
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</div>
 
| <p>ROD: I will do it, but you will not have such copious divisions, and such a fruitful tree, as you had in that one, because then I compressed nearly all of the types of strikes simply and naturally, but here I make for you only seven guards (and all with the right foot forward), more important and useful with which to come to arms with the enemy; because all the guards that want counting are nearly infinite. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: I will do it, but you will not have such copious divisions, and such a fruitful tree, as you had in that one, because then I compressed nearly all of the types of strikes simply and naturally, but here I make for you only seven guards (and all with the right foot forward), more important and useful with which to come to arms with the enemy; because all the guards that want counting are nearly infinite. </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Cod.Vindob.10723 108v.jpg|2|lbl=108v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Cod.Vindob.10723 108v.jpg|2|lbl=108v.2}}

Revision as of 20:52, 27 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  12. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  13. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.