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Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

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| <p>CON: Why then do you deem the ''rovescio'' more worthy than the ''mandritto''? </p>
 
| <p>CON: Why then do you deem the ''rovescio'' more worthy than the ''mandritto''? </p>
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| <p><small>''Why the ''rovescio'' is more worthy than the ''mandritto''.''</small></p>
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| rowspan="7" | <p><small>''Why the ''rovescio'' is more worthy than the ''mandritto''.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>ROD: For the same reason, for being of greater offense; you see, this ''mandritto'' that I deliver to you, offends you in principle, but goes falling every time, and taking less distance from the body. Behold, how my arm goes falling just now; but, I ask of you, regard this ''rovescio'' a bit, how on the contrary it goes on an entirely rising path; don’t you see how much the arm and the shoulder lengthen themselves just now, completely elevating themselves, continuously augmenting the strike, and doing greater effect? </p>
 
<p>ROD: For the same reason, for being of greater offense; you see, this ''mandritto'' that I deliver to you, offends you in principle, but goes falling every time, and taking less distance from the body. Behold, how my arm goes falling just now; but, I ask of you, regard this ''rovescio'' a bit, how on the contrary it goes on an entirely rising path; don’t you see how much the arm and the shoulder lengthen themselves just now, completely elevating themselves, continuously augmenting the strike, and doing greater effect? </p>
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| <p>CON: I see it. </p>
 
| <p>CON: I see it. </p>
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| <p>ROD: In the ''mandritto'', as you throw the right arm straight, the sword goes falling, and returning to you, and covers less ground in order to offend your adversary; but the ''rovescio'' does just the opposite. Look how it goes continuously, taking greater distance, and augmenting, how it prepares itself for the enemy; if therefore the ''rovescio'' covers greater ground in order to offend the enemy than does the ''mandritto'', and if the blow that does thus must deserve precedence, then rationally the ''rovescio'' will precede the ''mandritto''. But I give to you another reason: the ''rovescio'' commences from the right side of the enemy, which is more noble; and that blow is more offensive that offends the nobler parts; hence the ''rovescio'' would be more noble. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: In the ''mandritto'', as you throw the right arm straight, the sword goes falling, and returning to you, and covers less ground in order to offend your adversary; but the ''rovescio'' does just the opposite. Look how it goes continuously, taking greater distance, and augmenting, how it prepares itself for the enemy; if therefore the ''rovescio'' covers greater ground in order to offend the enemy than does the ''mandritto'', and if the blow that does thus must deserve precedence, then rationally the ''rovescio'' will precede the ''mandritto''. But I give to you another reason: the ''rovescio'' commences from the right side of the enemy, which is more noble; and that blow is more offensive that offends the nobler parts; hence the ''rovescio'' would be more noble. </p>
 
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| <p>CON: Didn’t you say to me, that a man’s heart lies in the middle, and is inclined toward the left side? How then are wounds in the left side not more fatal than in the right? </p>
 
| <p>CON: Didn’t you say to me, that a man’s heart lies in the middle, and is inclined toward the left side? How then are wounds in the left side not more fatal than in the right? </p>
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| <p>ROD: I did tell you that the tip of the heart is inclined a little toward the left side, but do I not now assign the reason, saying that the right side is more noble, and of greater vivacity, and those offenses deprive it of vivacity and vigor? </p>
 
| <p>ROD: I did tell you that the tip of the heart is inclined a little toward the left side, but do I not now assign the reason, saying that the right side is more noble, and of greater vivacity, and those offenses deprive it of vivacity and vigor? </p>
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| <p>CON: I understand you, but in fact I concede begrudgingly that the ''rovescio'' should be placed before the ''mandritto'', and be of greater valor; it appears to me, rather, that the ''mandritto'' must have preceded the ''rovescio'', because nature seems to offer it. </p>
 
| <p>CON: I understand you, but in fact I concede begrudgingly that the ''rovescio'' should be placed before the ''mandritto'', and be of greater valor; it appears to me, rather, that the ''mandritto'' must have preceded the ''rovescio'', because nature seems to offer it. </p>
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Revision as of 06:04, 22 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  12. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  13. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.