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{{infobox writer
 
{{infobox writer
| name                = Paulus Hector Mair
+
| name                = [[name::Federico Ghisliero]]
| image                = File:Mair.png
+
| image                = File:Ghisliero portrait.jpg
| imagesize            = 250px
+
| imagesize            = 250px
| caption              = "Mair", Cod.icon. 312b f 64r
+
| caption              =  
  
| pseudonym            =  
+
| pseudonym            =  
| birthname            =  
+
| birthname            =  
| birthdate            = 1517
+
| birthdate            =  
| birthplace          = Augsburg, Germany
+
| birthplace          =  
| deathdate            = 10 Dec 1579 (age 62)
+
| deathdate            = 1619
| deathplace          = Augsburg, Germany
+
| deathplace          = Turino
| resting_place        =
+
| occupation          = [[occupation::Soldier]]  
| occupation          = {{plainlist | Civil servant | Historian }}
+
| nationality          =  
| language            = {{plainlist | [[Early New High German]] | [[New Latin]] }}
+
| ethnicity            =  
| nationality          =  
+
| citizenship          = Bologna
| ethnicity            =  
+
| education            =  
| citizenship          =  
+
| alma_mater          =  
| education            =  
+
| patron              =  
| alma_mater          =  
 
| patron              =  
 
  
| period               =  
+
| spouse               =  
| genre                = {{plainlist | [[Fencing manual]] | [[Wrestling manual]] }}
+
| children            =  
| subject              =  
+
| relatives            =
| movement            = {{plainlist | [[Nicolaüs Augsburger|Augsburg tradition]] | [[Nuremberg group|Nuremberg tradition]] }}
+
| period              =  
| notableworks        =  
+
| movement            =  
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
+
| influences          = {{plainlist
  | title = List of manuscripts
+
| [[Camillo Agrippa]]
  | 1    = [[Geschlechterbuch der Stadt Augsburg (Cod.icon. 312b)|Codex Icon 312b]] (1548)
+
| [[Giovanni dall'Agocchie]] (?)
  | 2    = [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|MSS Dresden C.93/C.94]] (1540s)
+
| [[Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza]] (?)
  | 3    = [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Codex Icon 393 I & II]] (1550s)
+
}}
  | 4    = [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Codex 10825/10826]] (1550s)
+
| influenced          =
  | 5    = [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82]] (1553)
 
}}
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| first printed edition=
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
 
  
| spouse              =
+
| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
| partner              =
+
| language            = [[language::Italian]]
| children            =
+
| notableworks        = ''[[Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero)|Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii]]'' (1587)
| relatives            =
+
| archetype            =  
| influences          = {{collapsible list
+
| manuscript(s)        = M.A.M. Ghisliero MS (1585)
  | title = List of influences
+
| principal manuscript(s)=
  | 1    = [[Fabian von Auerswald]]
+
| first printed edition=  
  | 2    = [[Gregor Erhart]]
+
| wiktenauer compilation by=
  | 3    = [[Martin Huntfeltz]]
+
 
  | 4    = [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter]]
+
| signature            =  
  | 5    = [[Paulus Kal]]
+
| translations        =  
  | 6    = [[Johannes Lecküchner]]
+
| below                =  
  | 7    = [[Jud Lew]]
 
  | 8    = [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]
 
  | 9    = [[Andre Liegniczer]]
 
  | 10    = [[Ott Jud]]
 
}}
 
| influenced          =  
 
| awards              =
 
| signature            = [[file:Paulus Hector Mair Sig.png|170px]]
 
| website              =  
 
| translations        =  
 
| below                =  
 
 
}}
 
}}
'''Paulus Hector Mair''' (Paulsen Hektor Mair, Paulus Hector Meyer; 1517 – 1579) was a 16th century German aristocrat, civil servant, and fencer. He was born in 1517 to a wealthy and influential Augsburg patrician family. In his youth, he likely received training in fencing and grappling from the masters of Augsburg fencing guild, and early on developed a deep fascination with fencing treatises. He began his civil service as a secretary to the Augsburg City Council; by 1541, Mair was the City Treasurer, and in 1545 he also took on the office of Master of Rations.
+
'''Federico Ghisliero''' (Ghislieri; d. 1619) was a Bolognese soldier and fencer. Little is know about his early life, but he came from a Bolognese family and studied fencing under [[Silvio Piccolomini]]. He lead a long military career that included serving under the famous commander Alessandro, Duke of Parma, in Flanders in 1582. He was also a friend of Galileo Galilei and a prolific writer, though unfortunately most of his writings were destroyed in a fire at the University of Turin in 1904.
 +
 
 +
In 1587, he published a fencing treatise called ''[[Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero)|Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii]]'' ("Rules for Many Knightly Exercises"); two versions of the book exist, and it's unclear which was created first. One is dedicated to Antonio Pio Bonello, a well-known soldier and distant relative of Ghisliero, and the other to Ranuccio Farnese, who was 18 years old at the time and Alessandro's heir.
  
Mair's martial background is unknown, but as a citizen of a free city he would have had military obligations whenever the city went to war, and as a member of a patrician family he likely served in the cavalry. What is clear is that he was an avid collector of fencing treatises and other literature on military history. Like his contemporary [[Joachim Meÿer]], Mair believed that the Medieval martial arts were being forgotten, which he saw as a tragedy, idealizing the arts of fencing as a civilizing and character-building influence on men. Where Meÿer sought to update the traditional fencing systems and apply them to contemporary weapons of war and defense, Mair was more interested in preserving historical teachings intact. Thus, some time in the latter part of the 1540s he commissioned what would become the most extensive compendium of German fencing treatises ever made, a massive two-volume manuscript compiling virtually every fencing treatise he could access. He retained famed artist [[Jörg Breu|Jörg Breu the Younger]] to create the illustrations for the text, and hired two Augsburg fencers to pose for the illustrations. This project was extraordinarily expensive and took at least four years to complete. Ultimately, three copies of this compendium were produced, each more extensive than the last; the first ([[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|MSS Dresden C.93/C.94]]) was written in [[Early New High German]], the second and most artistically ambitious ([[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Cod.icon. 393]]) in [[New Latin]], and the third and final version ([[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Cod. 10825/10826]]) incorporated both languages.
+
Ghisliero's treatise is notable for his use of geometry in relation to fencing, using concentric circles centered on where the fencer has placed most of their weight (often, but not always, the back foot), and sometimes including multiple versions of each figure in an illustration to show the progression of the movements he describes. He also seems to be the first author to reference the ''Vitruvian Man'' in a fencing treatise. However, his treatise is unique in that it was printed without any illustrations at all, and they had to be drawn in by hand. It's unclear whether this indicates that he intended to have printing plates made but was unable to do so, or that his plan from the start was to have the books vary based on how much art each buyer was willing to pay for.
  
Beginning in the 1540s, Mair began purchasing older fencing manuscripts, some from fellow collector [[Lienhart Sollinger]] (a [[Freifechter]] who lived in Augsburg for many years) and others from auctions. Perhaps most significant of all of his acquisitions was the partially-completed treatise of [[Antonius Rast]], a Master of the Long Sword and three-time captain of the [[Marxbrüder]] fencing guild. The venerable master left in incomplete when he died in 1549, and Mair ultimately produced a complete fencing manual ([[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82]]) based on his notes. Ultimately, he owned over a dozen fencing manuscripts over the course of his life, including the following:
+
Ghisliero died in Turino in 1619.
  
([[Paulus Hector Mair|Read more]]...)
+
([[Federico Ghisliero|Read more]])
  
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Latest revision as of 00:51, 29 March 2024

Federico Ghisliero
Died 1619
Turino
Occupation Soldier
Citizenship Bologna
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (1587)
Manuscript(s) M.A.M. Ghisliero MS (1585)

Federico Ghisliero (Ghislieri; d. 1619) was a Bolognese soldier and fencer. Little is know about his early life, but he came from a Bolognese family and studied fencing under Silvio Piccolomini. He lead a long military career that included serving under the famous commander Alessandro, Duke of Parma, in Flanders in 1582. He was also a friend of Galileo Galilei and a prolific writer, though unfortunately most of his writings were destroyed in a fire at the University of Turin in 1904.

In 1587, he published a fencing treatise called Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii ("Rules for Many Knightly Exercises"); two versions of the book exist, and it's unclear which was created first. One is dedicated to Antonio Pio Bonello, a well-known soldier and distant relative of Ghisliero, and the other to Ranuccio Farnese, who was 18 years old at the time and Alessandro's heir.

Ghisliero's treatise is notable for his use of geometry in relation to fencing, using concentric circles centered on where the fencer has placed most of their weight (often, but not always, the back foot), and sometimes including multiple versions of each figure in an illustration to show the progression of the movements he describes. He also seems to be the first author to reference the Vitruvian Man in a fencing treatise. However, his treatise is unique in that it was printed without any illustrations at all, and they had to be drawn in by hand. It's unclear whether this indicates that he intended to have printing plates made but was unable to do so, or that his plan from the start was to have the books vary based on how much art each buyer was willing to pay for.

Ghisliero died in Turino in 1619.

(Read more…)

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