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{{infobox writer
 
{{infobox writer
| name                   = Hans Talhoffer
+
| name                 = [[name::Federico Ghisliero]]
| image                 = File:Hans Talhoffer.png
+
| image               = File:Ghisliero portrait.jpg
| imagesize             = 250px
+
| imagesize           = 250px
| caption               =  
+
| caption             =  
  
| pseudonym             =  
+
| pseudonym           =  
| birthname             =  
+
| birthname           =  
| birthdate             = ca. 1410-15
+
| birthdate           =  
| birthplace             = Swabia
+
| birthplace           =  
| deathdate             = after 1482
+
| deathdate           = 1619
| deathplace             =  
+
| deathplace           = Turino
| occupation             = {{plainlist
+
| occupation           = [[occupation::Soldier]]  
| [[Fencing master]]
+
| nationality          =
| [[Mercenary]]
+
| ethnicity            =
}}
+
| citizenship          = Bologna
| nationality           =  
+
| education           =  
| ethnicity              =  
+
| alma_mater          =
| citizenship           =  
+
| patron              =
| education              =  
+
 
| alma_mater             =  
+
| spouse              =
| patron                = {{plainlist
+
| children            =  
  | David and Buppellin vom Stain
+
| relatives           =  
  | Eberhardt von Württemberg
+
| period              =  
  | [[Luithold von Königsegg]]
+
| movement             =  
 +
| influences          = {{plainlist
 +
  | [[Camillo Agrippa]]
 +
  | [[Giovanni dall'Agocchie]] (?)
 +
  | [[Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza]] (?)
 
}}
 
}}
 +
| influenced          =
  
| spouse                =
+
| genre               = [[Fencing manual]]
| children              =
+
| language             = [[language::Italian]]
| relatives              =
+
| notableworks         = ''[[Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero)|Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii]]'' (1587)
| period                =
+
| archetype            =
| movement              = [[Marxbrüder]] (?)
+
| manuscript(s)       = M.A.M. Ghisliero MS (1585)
| influences            =
 
| influenced            =
 
 
 
| genre                 = {{plainlist
 
| [[Fencing manual]]
 
| [[Wrestling manual]]
 
}}
 
| language               = [[Early New High German]]
 
| notableworks           =
 
| archetype              = {{collapsible list
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|MS Chart.A.558]] (1448)(?)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|MS XIX 17-3]] (1446-1459)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|MS Thott 290.2º]] (1459)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Cod. icon. 394a]] (1467)
 
}}
 
| manuscript(s)         = {{collapsible list
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|MS 78.A.15]] (1450s)
 
| [[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|MS KK5342]] (1480-1500)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Cod. I.6.2º.1]] (before 1561)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Ser.Nov.2978)|Cod.Ser.Nov.2978]] (1500s)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|MS 26.236]] (1600s)
 
| [[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|2º MS iurid. 29]] (1600s)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|2º Col. MS philos. 61]] (late 1600s)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Cod.guelf.125.16.Extrav]] (late 1600s)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|MS 014]] (1700s)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Cod. icon. 394]] (1820)
 
| [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 395)|Cod. icon. 395]] (ca.1820)
 
}}
 
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
| first printed edition =  
+
| first printed edition=  
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[user:Michael Chidester|Michael Chidester]]
+
| wiktenauer compilation by=
  
| signature             = [[File:Hans Talhoffer Sig.jpg|150px]]
+
| signature           =  
| translations           =  
+
| translations         =  
| below                 =  
+
| below               =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''Hans Talhoffer''' (Dalhover, Talhouer, Thalhoffer, Talhofer) was a 15th century [[German]] [[fencing master]]. His martial lineage is unknown, but his writings make it clear that he had some connection to the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], the grand master of the German school of fencing. Talhoffer was a well educated man, who took interest in astrology, mathematics, onomastics, and the auctoritas and the ratio. He authored at least five [[fencing manual]]s during the course of his career, and appears to have made his living teaching, including training people for [[trial by combat]].
+
'''Federico Ghisliero''' (Ghislieri; d. 1619) was a Bolognese soldier and fencer. Little is know about his early life, but he came from a Bolognese family and studied fencing under [[Silvio Piccolomini]]. He lead a long military career that included serving under the famous commander Alessandro, Duke of Parma, in Flanders in 1582. He was also a friend of Galileo Galilei and a prolific writer, though unfortunately most of his writings were destroyed in a fire at the University of Turin in 1904.
 
 
The first historical reference to Talhoffer is in 1433, when he represented Johann II von Reisberg, archbishop of Salzburg, before the Vehmic court. Shortly thereafter in 1434, Talhoffer was arrested and questioned by order of Wilhelm von Villach (a footman to Albrecht III von Wittelsbach, duke of Bavaria) in connection to the trial of a Nuremberg aristocrat named Jacob Auer, accused of murdering of his brother Hans. Talhoffer subsequently confessed to being hired to abduct Hans von Villach, and offered testimony that others hired by Auer performed the murder. Auer's trial was quite controversial and proved a major source of contention and regional strife for the subsequent two years. Talhoffer himself remained in the service of the archbishop for at least a few more years, and in 1437 is mentioned as serving as a bursary officer (''Kastner'') in Hohenburg.
 
 
 
The 1440s saw the launch of Talhoffer's career as a professional fencing master. He purchased (and perhaps contributed to) the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|MS Chart.A.558]], an anthology created in ca. 1448. The fencing portion is largely text-less and it may have been designed as a visual aid for use in teaching; in addition to these illustrations, the manuscript also contains a treatise on name magic and a warbook that might be related to [[Konrad Kyeser]]'s ''Bellifortis''. While Talhoffer's owner's mark appears in this manuscript, his level of involvement with its creation is unclear. It contains many works by other authors, in addition to plays that are somewhat similar to his later works, and shows evidence of multiple scribes and multiple artists. It is possible that he purchased the manuscript after it was completed (or partially completed), and used it as a basis for his later teachings.
 
 
 
Most notable among the noble clients that Talhoffer served in this period was the Königsegg family of southern Germany, and some time between 1446 and 1459 he produced the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|MS XIX.17-3]] for this family. This work depicts a judicial duel being fought by [[Luithold von Königsegg]] and the training that Talhoffer gave him in preparation, but it seems that this duel never actually took place. He seems to have passed through Emerkingen later in the 1450s, where he was contracted to train the brothers David and Buppellin vom Stain; he also produced the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|MS 78.A.15]] for them, a significantly expanded version of the Königsegg manuscript.
 
  
In 1459, Talhoffer commissioned the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|MS Thott.290.2º]], a new personal fencing manual along the same lines as the 1448 work but expanded with additional content and captioned throughout. He appears to have continued instructing throughout the 1460s, and in 1467 he produced his final manuscript, [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Cod.icon 394a]], for another of his noble clients, Eberhardt I von Württemberg. This would be his most extensive work, and the graf paid 10 Guilder as well as quantities of rye and oats for the finished work.
+
In 1587, he published a fencing treatise called ''[[Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (Federico Ghisliero)|Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii]]'' ("Rules for Many Knightly Exercises"); two versions of the book exist, and it's unclear which was created first. One is dedicated to Antonio Pio Bonello, a well-known soldier and distant relative of Ghisliero, and the other to Ranuccio Farnese, who was 18 years old at the time and Alessandro's heir.
  
While only a few facts are known about Talhoffer's life, this has not stopped authors from conjecture. The presence of the [[:File:MS KK5012 57v.jpg|Lion of St. Mark]] in Talhoffer's 1459 coat of arms (right) has given rise to speculation that he may have been an early or even founding member of the Frankfurt-am-Main-based [[Marxbrüder]] fencing guild, though there is no record of their existence prior to 1474. Additionally, much has been made of the fact that Talhoffer's name doesn't appear in [[Paulus Kal]]'s list of members of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]]. While some have speculated that this indicates rivalry or ill-will between the two contemporaries, it is more likely that Talhoffer simply didn't participate in whatever venture the fellowship was organized for.
+
Ghisliero's treatise is notable for his use of geometry in relation to fencing, using concentric circles centered on where the fencer has placed most of their weight (often, but not always, the back foot), and sometimes including multiple versions of each figure in an illustration to show the progression of the movements he describes. He also seems to be the first author to reference the ''Vitruvian Man'' in a fencing treatise. However, his treatise is unique in that it was printed without any illustrations at all, and they had to be drawn in by hand. It's unclear whether this indicates that he intended to have printing plates made but was unable to do so, or that his plan from the start was to have the books vary based on how much art each buyer was willing to pay for.
  
Various otherwise-unidentified fencing masters named Hans have also been associated by some authors with Talhoffer. The 1454 records of the city of Zürich note that a master (presumed by some authors to be Hans Talhoffer) was chartered to teach fencing in some capacity and to adjudicate judicial duels; the account further notes that a fight broke out among his students and had to be settled in front of the city council, resulting in various fines. In 1455, a master named Hans was retained by Mahiot Coquel to train him for his duel with Jacotin Plouvier in Valencienne; if this were Talhoffer, his training did little good as Coquel lost the duel and died in brutal fashion.
+
Ghisliero died in Turino in 1619.
  
([[Hans Talhoffer|Read more]]…)
+
([[Federico Ghisliero|Read more]]…)
  
 
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Latest revision as of 00:51, 29 March 2024

Federico Ghisliero
Died 1619
Turino
Occupation Soldier
Citizenship Bologna
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii (1587)
Manuscript(s) M.A.M. Ghisliero MS (1585)

Federico Ghisliero (Ghislieri; d. 1619) was a Bolognese soldier and fencer. Little is know about his early life, but he came from a Bolognese family and studied fencing under Silvio Piccolomini. He lead a long military career that included serving under the famous commander Alessandro, Duke of Parma, in Flanders in 1582. He was also a friend of Galileo Galilei and a prolific writer, though unfortunately most of his writings were destroyed in a fire at the University of Turin in 1904.

In 1587, he published a fencing treatise called Regole di molti cavagliereschi essercitii ("Rules for Many Knightly Exercises"); two versions of the book exist, and it's unclear which was created first. One is dedicated to Antonio Pio Bonello, a well-known soldier and distant relative of Ghisliero, and the other to Ranuccio Farnese, who was 18 years old at the time and Alessandro's heir.

Ghisliero's treatise is notable for his use of geometry in relation to fencing, using concentric circles centered on where the fencer has placed most of their weight (often, but not always, the back foot), and sometimes including multiple versions of each figure in an illustration to show the progression of the movements he describes. He also seems to be the first author to reference the Vitruvian Man in a fencing treatise. However, his treatise is unique in that it was printed without any illustrations at all, and they had to be drawn in by hand. It's unclear whether this indicates that he intended to have printing plates made but was unable to do so, or that his plan from the start was to have the books vary based on how much art each buyer was willing to pay for.

Ghisliero died in Turino in 1619.

(Read more…)

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