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{{infobox writer
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| name                = [[name::Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano]]
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| occupation          =
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| language            = [[language::Early New High German]]
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| nationality          =
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| alma_mater          =
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| patron              =
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| period              =
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| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
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| subject              =
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| movement            =
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| notableworks        = ''Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens''
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| manuscript(s)        =
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| principal manuscript(s)=
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| first printed edition=
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| wiktenauer compilation by=
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| children            =
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| relatives            =
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| influences          = [[Johannes Herbart von Würzburg]]
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| influenced          = [[Heinrich von Gunterrodt]]
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| awards              =
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| signature            =
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| website              =
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| translations        = {{english translation|https://www.keithfarrell.net/research/circle-fencing-by-balthasaro-cramonio-pomerano/}}
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| below                =
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}}
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'''Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano''' was a [[century::16th century]] [[nationality::Polish]] [[fencing master]]. What little is known about his life is recorded in the 1579 treatise of his associate (or possibly student) [[Heinrich von Gunterrodt]]. From this source, we know that he was a student of [[Johannes Herbart von Würzburg]] and was also a medical student at the time. Gunterrodt also states that he had been maimed in a fight with "criminals" and lost the use of his left arm (and then learned to fence with his right, implying that he had been left-handed).<ref>Gevaert 2020, pp. 67-69.</ref>
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He is likely the author of a broadside titled ''Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens'' ("Exposition or Ordering of the Circle-fencing"). It is written in German with scattered Latin words and phrases and signed B. C. P.; curiously, it includes many references to a diagram consisting of circles, triangles, and curved lines which is not present on the broadsheet but survives separately. The short Latin and German poems at the bottom also appear in Gunterrodt's works and he includes similar fencing teachings in his book, suggesting that the two texts are part of the same tradition.
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It's unclear where or when these two documents were printed or distributed; the two known copies of the broadsheet and three known copies of the diagram were all inserted into copies of other fencing treatises. Both are glued into one surviving copy of Gunterrodt's book,<ref>MUE Bong IV 305:3. Bern University Library, Bern, Switzerland. http://slsp-ube.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/41SLSP_UBE/17e6d97/alma99116816396405511</ref> and copies of the diagram without the broadsheet are glued into another copy of Gunterrodt's book<ref>162 B Br. Kungliga biblioteket, Stockholm, Sweden. http://regina.kb.se/permalink/f/s96uu4/46KBS_ALEPH_DS004900327</ref> and [[Sciomachia_et_hoplomachia_(MS_Dresd.C.15)|his 1579 manuscript]]. The other known copy of the broadsheet is glued into a copy of [[Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meyer)|the 1570 treatise of Joachim Meyer]].<ref>II 10.019. Vědecká knihovna v Olomouci, Olomouc, Czechia. https://aleph.vkol.cz:443/F?func=direct&doc_number=000668380&local_base=SVK01&format=999</ref>
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== Treatise ==
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{{master begin
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| title = Broadside
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| width = 90em
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}}
 
{| class="master"
 
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustration<br/>from ''[[Sciomachia et hoplomachia (MS Dresd.C.15)|Sciomachia et hoplomachia]]''</p>
 
! <p>Illustration<br/>from ''[[Sciomachia et hoplomachia (MS Dresd.C.15)|Sciomachia et hoplomachia]]''</p>
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|C}} (2019)<br/>by [[Reinier van Noort]]</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]
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! <p>Transcription&nbsp;<span class="noprint plainlinks" style="font-weight:normal; font-size:85%;">&#91;[https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Page:Austeilunge_oder_Ordnunge_des_Zirckelfechtens_1.png edit]&#93;</span><br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Dresd.C.15 04v.png|400px|center]]
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|  
 
| <p>'''Exposition or ordering of the Circle fencing.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Exposition or ordering of the Circle fencing.'''</p>
  
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| rowspan="6" | [[File:AusTeilung des Circkels.png|400px|center]]{{-}}
 
| <p>'''First Rule.''' Preparation in the thrusts.</p>
 
| <p>'''First Rule.''' Preparation in the thrusts.</p>
  
<p>1. The thrusts with displacement. How you must all learn the upper thrust, firstly with a step, then also before someone or the circle, from above to the point , or from the circumference to the centre , with displacement or a rotated hand. In this manner all thrusts are formed, and used before someone, when you thrust at their body; namely the middle, lower and changing thrusts, from both sides. Radii A, B, C, etc.</p>
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<ol><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The thrusts with displacement. How you must all learn the upper thrust, firstly with a step, then also before someone or the circle, from above to the point {{black circle}}, or from the circumference to the centre {{black circle}}, with displacement or a rotated hand. In this manner all thrusts are formed, and used before someone, when you thrust at their body; namely the middle, lower and changing thrusts, from both sides. Radii A, B, C, etc.<br/><br/></li>
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Secondly, the thrusts and cuts together, as you learned the middle, lower and changing thrusts, which are also commonly thrust with openings, and are also called the thrusts with openings. Radially from the circumference in to the centre {{black circle}}.<li>
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The third manner of thrusting are the wound thrusts, as the figure set above the circle demonstrates. This has has been placed outside the circle because this does not perturb the circle. They must also be thrust wound and thrust with displacements, in accordance with the special form of the radius from the circumference to the {{black circle}}.</li></ol>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
| <p>2. Secondly, the thrusts and cuts together, as you learned the middle, lower and changing thrusts, which are also commonly thrust with openings, and are also called the thrusts with openings. Radially from the circumference in to the centre ●.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
|-
 
|
 
| <p>3. The third manner of thrusting are the wound thrusts, as the figure set above the circle demonstrates. This has has been placed outside the circle because this does not perturb the circle. They must also be thrust wound and thrust with displacements, in accordance with the special form of the radius from the circumference to the ●.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
|
 
 
| <p>'''Second Rule.''' Secondly, you must note the displacements or barring-thrusts. These barrings or displacements are also threefold, or of three kinds.</p>
 
| <p>'''Second Rule.''' Secondly, you must note the displacements or barring-thrusts. These barrings or displacements are also threefold, or of three kinds.</p>
  
<p>1. Firstly, that you interchange the thrust with the hand, with a fore-cut. Radially, from the circumference to the centre.</p>
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<ol><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Firstly, that you interchange the thrust with the hand, with a fore-cut. Radially, from the circumference to the centre.</li>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|5|lbl=-}}
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Secondly, that you set on with displacement. This shall be done before you touch the other’s blade, or when someone goes off the blade again, and pulls back the hand in all workings, whether thrusts or cuts. Radially, letters A, B, C, etc.</li>
 
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">The third manner of the displacement of the thrusts is done with the half circle, and must be used when you thrust at someone’s hand, or on the blade, when with the thrusts, you go or wind through on either side of the hilt. Half-circle 1, 2.</li></ol>
|-
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|3|lbl=-}}
|
 
| <p>2. Secondly, that you set on with displacement. This shall be done before you touch the other’s blade, or when someone goes off the blade again, and pulls back the hand in all workings, whether thrusts or cuts. Radially, letters A, B, C, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|6|lbl=-}}
 
 
 
|-
 
|
 
| <p>3. The third manner of the displacement of the thrusts is done with the half circle, and must be used when you thrust at someone’s hand, or on the blade, when with the thrusts, you go or wind through on either side of the hilt. Half-circle 1, 2.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|7|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
 
| <p>'''Third Rule.''' After-work. After-thrust against all cuts and barring-thrusts. Figure 7 is here.</p>
 
| <p>'''Third Rule.''' After-work. After-thrust against all cuts and barring-thrusts. Figure 7 is here.</p>
  
 
<p>As often as I have displaced a thrust or cut correctly, I can give a thrust again with a good displacement on the blade to the openings on the body of my opponent, before he comes to the displacement again, as you are all taught.</p>
 
<p>As often as I have displaced a thrust or cut correctly, I can give a thrust again with a good displacement on the blade to the openings on the body of my opponent, before he comes to the displacement again, as you are all taught.</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|8|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
 
| <p>'''Fourth Rule.''' Fore-work of the cuts.</p>
 
| <p>'''Fourth Rule.''' Fore-work of the cuts.</p>
  
<p>1. Driving cuts at someone from above and below, from the middle, and from all places, cut at the opponent however you can and may. Diameters letters A, B, C, etc.</p>
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<ol><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Driving cuts at someone from above and below, from the middle, and from all places, cut at the opponent however you can and may. Diameters letters A, B, C, etc.</li>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|9|lbl=-}}
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<li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Half and full cut before someone, with the due edge. Radii letters A, B, C, etc. This is when, with the half and full edge, you cut to around from all capitals in the circle, on the blade.</li></ol>
 
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|5|lbl=-}}
|-
 
|
 
| <p>2. Half and full cut before someone, with the due edge. Radii letters A, B, C, etc. This is when, with the half and full edge, you cut to around from all capitals in the circle, on the blade.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|10|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
 
| <p>'''Fifth Rule.''' Barring-cuts, or displacing[-cuts]. Triangle number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.</p>
 
| <p>'''Fifth Rule.''' Barring-cuts, or displacing[-cuts]. Triangle number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.</p>
  
 
<p>This is how you must displace all cuts that are struck from the circumference to the centre, only with the double or twofold triangle, though according to the particular divisions of both blades. This will be discussed orally, and not be set here duly. However, the four circles, from the centre to the edge of the circle, by the joining of the division. Then the triangle.</p>
 
<p>This is how you must displace all cuts that are struck from the circumference to the centre, only with the double or twofold triangle, though according to the particular divisions of both blades. This will be discussed orally, and not be set here duly. However, the four circles, from the centre to the edge of the circle, by the joining of the division. Then the triangle.</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|11|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|6|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
 
| <p>'''Sixth Rule.''' After cut and after-thrust against the upper barring-cuts, letters a, b, c, etc.</p>
 
| <p>'''Sixth Rule.''' After cut and after-thrust against the upper barring-cuts, letters a, b, c, etc.</p>
  
 
<p>This is, when with the triangle, you have displaces all cuts that are struck from above, properly according to the division of both blades, that without reaching back or twitching, you cut or thrust after, though in the right place in the blade. This will also be discussed orally, in person.</p>
 
<p>This is, when with the triangle, you have displaces all cuts that are struck from above, properly according to the division of both blades, that without reaching back or twitching, you cut or thrust after, though in the right place in the blade. This will also be discussed orally, in person.</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|12|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|7|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|13|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|8|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
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| class="noline" |  
| <p>'''They who want to fence and grapple right,<br/>They divide the opponent and the blade.<br/>Thus, you will always persist well,<br/>When you can use this properly before your opponent.</p>
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| class="noline" | <p>'''They who want to fence and grapple right,<br/>They divide the opponent and the blade.<br/>Thus, you will always persist well,<br/>When you can use this properly before your opponent.</p>
  
<p>B. C. P.</p>
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<p>&emsp;&emsp;B[althasaro] C[ramonio] P[omerano]</p>
| {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|14|lbl=-}}
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|9|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
</div>
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{{master end}}
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{{master begin
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| title = Copyright and License Summary
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| width = 100%
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}}
 
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
 
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
  
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  | work        = Translation
 
  | work        = Translation
 
  | authors    = [[translator::Reinier van Noort]]
 
  | authors    = [[translator::Reinier van Noort]]
  | source link =  
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  | source link = https://www.bruchius.com/
  | source title=  
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  | source title= ''Ense et Mente''
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
  | license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        =  
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  | work        = Transcription
  | authors    = [[transcriber::Michael Chidester]]
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  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title=  
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  | source title= [[Page:Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens 1.png|Wiktenauer]]
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
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{{master end}}
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== Additional Resources ==
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{{bibliography}}
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== References ==
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{{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT: Pomerano, Balthasaro Cramonio}}
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[[Category:Masters]]
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[[Category:German]]
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[[Category:Rapier]]

Latest revision as of 18:47, 12 November 2023

Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano
Influences Johannes Herbart von Würzburg
Influenced Heinrich von Gunterrodt
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens
Translations Alternate English translation

Balthasaro Cramonio Pomerano was a 16th century Polish fencing master. What little is known about his life is recorded in the 1579 treatise of his associate (or possibly student) Heinrich von Gunterrodt. From this source, we know that he was a student of Johannes Herbart von Würzburg and was also a medical student at the time. Gunterrodt also states that he had been maimed in a fight with "criminals" and lost the use of his left arm (and then learned to fence with his right, implying that he had been left-handed).[1]

He is likely the author of a broadside titled Austeilunge oder Ordnunge des Zirckelfechtens ("Exposition or Ordering of the Circle-fencing"). It is written in German with scattered Latin words and phrases and signed B. C. P.; curiously, it includes many references to a diagram consisting of circles, triangles, and curved lines which is not present on the broadsheet but survives separately. The short Latin and German poems at the bottom also appear in Gunterrodt's works and he includes similar fencing teachings in his book, suggesting that the two texts are part of the same tradition.

It's unclear where or when these two documents were printed or distributed; the two known copies of the broadsheet and three known copies of the diagram were all inserted into copies of other fencing treatises. Both are glued into one surviving copy of Gunterrodt's book,[2] and copies of the diagram without the broadsheet are glued into another copy of Gunterrodt's book[3] and his 1579 manuscript. The other known copy of the broadsheet is glued into a copy of the 1570 treatise of Joachim Meyer.[4]

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. Gevaert 2020, pp. 67-69.
  2. MUE Bong IV 305:3. Bern University Library, Bern, Switzerland. http://slsp-ube.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/41SLSP_UBE/17e6d97/alma99116816396405511
  3. 162 B Br. Kungliga biblioteket, Stockholm, Sweden. http://regina.kb.se/permalink/f/s96uu4/46KBS_ALEPH_DS004900327
  4. II 10.019. Vědecká knihovna v Olomouci, Olomouc, Czechia. https://aleph.vkol.cz:443/F?func=direct&doc_number=000668380&local_base=SVK01&format=999