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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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| {{red|Whoever enters the War<br/>&emsp;Above, he becomes ashamed below.}}
 
| {{red|Whoever enters the War<br/>&emsp;Above, he becomes ashamed below.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark the War, that is, the Winding and the work that goes from there with the point to the four openings, and drive it thus: when you hew in with the Wrath-hew, then as quickly as he parries, drive up well with your arms and Wind the point of your sword above in to the upper opening of his left side. If he then sets the upper stab off, then remain thus standing in the Winding with the hilt before your head, and let the point sink down to the lower opening yet on his left side. If he then follows after your sword with the parrying, then search with the point for the lower opening on his right side. If he then follows after your sword further with the parrying, then drive up with your sword on your left side, and hang the point in above to the upper opening on his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed with the War above and low, if you drive correctly from one to the other.</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark the War, that is, the Winding and the work with the point that goes from there to the four openings, and drive it thus: when you hew in with the Wrath-hew, then as quickly as he parries, drive up well with your arms and Wind the point of your sword above in to the upper opening of his left side. If he then sets the upper stab off, then remain thus standing in the Winding with the hilt before your head, and let the point sink down to the lower opening yet on his left side. If he then follows after your sword with the parrying, then search with the point for the lower opening on his right side. If he then follows after your sword further with the parrying, then drive up with your sword on your left side, and hang the point in above to the upper opening on his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed with the War above and low, if you drive correctly from one to the other.</p>
 
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| <p>[61] {{red|b=1|''Item, the Failer drive thus:''}}</p>
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| <p>[This play from the Vienna belongs to [[Jud Lew|Branch A]].]</p>
 
 
<p>''When you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then hew the Under-hew from both sides. If you then come to him with a Under-hew from your right side, then shoot in the point therewith long into the breast so he must parry, then spring quickly with the left foot on his right side and do as you will strike to there in with the Thwart, and pull the hew, and strike quickly again around to the left side.''</p>
 
 
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| <p>[62] ''Or if you come from the left side with the Under-hew on him, then shoot in the point above in long and drive the driving as stands described before.''</p>
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| <p>[This play from the Vienna belongs to [[Jud Lew|Branch A]].]</p>
 
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| {{red|Hear what I teach you.<br/>&emsp;Wrench off, hew quickly with threat.}}
 
| {{red|Hear what I teach you.<br/>&emsp;Wrench off, hew quickly with threat.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark that is when one has parried you and will not withdraw from your sword and means to not let you come to techniques, ''then do as if you will draw off from the sword, and pull your sword on you to half the blade, and therewith drive the sword quickly up, and hew him quickly with the short edge or with the Doubling to the head.''</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark that is when one has parried you and will not withdraw from your sword and means to not let you come to techniques,<ref name="Branch A">The Vienna incorporates material belonging to [[Jud Lew|Branch A]] here.</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[101] ''When he hews before you and you hew in after, if you bind then on his sword in his left side, if he strikes then from the parry with the Thwart quickly around you to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the weapon first before under his sword against his left side and hew his hew after to the right side, or drive the slice in over his arm to the head.''</p>
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| <p>[This play from the Vienna belongs to [[Jud Lew|Branch A]].]</p>
 
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| <p>[110] ''Item, mark when you strongly have bound on his sword, if he strikes then around from the parrying to the other side, then bind in yet with the long edge strongly on the sword above to the head and work to the opening as before. Drive that to both sides.''</p>
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| <p>[This play from the Vienna belongs to [[Jud Lew|Branch A]].]</p>
 
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| <p>[115] {{red|b=1|''Another''}}</p>
 
| <p>[115] {{red|b=1|''Another''}}</p>
  
<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold the Long Point against his face. If he then hews to your sword down from above or up from below, and will strike that away or bind strongly thereon, then let the point sink underneath and stab him to the other side. Drive that against all hews wherewith one hews to your sword.</p>
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<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold the Long Point against his face. If he then hews to your sword down from above or up from below, and will strike that away or bind strongly thereon, then let the point sink underneath and stab him to the other side. Drive that against all hews wherewith one hews to your sword ''(and not to the openings of your body)''.</p>
 
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Revision as of 17:21, 30 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, appearing first in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig but do appear in Ringeck; this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer.

Branch B, appearing first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it has slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome, while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling from the Krakow and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, which only consists of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B), and this is appended to a fragment of Ringeck's short sword gloss; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck's short sword gloss and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work (Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this version is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents more closely match Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were formerly presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it appears in both concordances for comparative purposes.

Temporary

Temporary

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Per Rasmusson, Goliath text reads "...else the play further from the left side shall happen with the step and strike on other sides."
  3. Or "tap-hit".
  4. Könnte auch als »thun« gelesen werden.
  5. Lit. "he is".
  6. Couplets 102-109.
  7. Couplet 74.
  8. Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  9. The Vienna incorporates material belonging to Branch A here.
  10. Letter erased and overwritten.
  11. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  12. Korrigiert aus »das«.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  14. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  15. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  16. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  17. "Nachent in weyshait" is reversed in the text, with markings indicating the correct word order"
  18. Corrected from »sein«.
  19. Corrected from »seinem«.
  20. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  21. Corrected from »dam«.
  22. Corrected from »dem«.
  23. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  24. Korrigiert aus »sein«.
  25. Corrected from »mit«.