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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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| {{red|They we vow<br/>&emsp;In Arts to reward well.}}
 
| {{red|They we vow<br/>&emsp;In Arts to reward well.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark, there are Five hidden Hews of which many Masters of the Sword know nothing to say; these Hews you shall learn correctly from the right side. Whichever fencer you then hew with correct Art, who can break these without injury, becomes praised by other Masters so that his Art shall become rewarded more than other fencers. And how one shall hew the Hews with their techniques, that becomes hereafter clarified to you.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, there are Five hidden Hews of which many Masters of the Sword know nothing to say; these Hews you shall learn correctly from the right side. Whichever fencer you then hew with correct Art, who can break these without injury, will be praised by other Masters so that his Art shall become rewarded more than other fencers. And how one shall hew the Hews with their techniques, that will be clarified to you hereafter.</p>
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark, the Wrath-hew breaks all Over-hews with the point, and is yet nothing other than a simple peasant strike, and drive it thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews at your head from above on his right side, then hew also with him wrathfully from your right side from above, without any parrying, on his sword. If he is then Soft on the sword, then shoot in the long point straight before you and stab him to the face or the breast. So Set-on him.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, the Wrath-hew breaks all Over-hews with the point, and yet is nothing other than a simple peasant strike, and drive it thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews at your head from above on his right side, then hew also with him wrathfully from your right side from above, without any parrying, on his sword. If he is then Soft on the sword, then shoot in the long point straight before you and stab him to the face or the breast. So Set-on him.</p>
 
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|-  
 
| <small>28</small>
 
| <small>28</small>
| {{red|Becomes he aware of it,<br/>&emsp;Then take off above without danger.}}
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| {{red|If he becomes aware of it,<br/>&emsp;Then take off above without danger.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, then shoot the long point into the face or breast as before described states. If he becomes aware of the point and parries strongly and presses your sword to the side, then wrench with your sword on his sword’s blade up over it, above off from his sword, and hew him to the other side, yet on his sword’s blade into the head. That is called “taking off above”.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, then shoot the long point into the face or breast, as the before described states. If he becomes aware of the point and parries strongly and presses your sword to the side, then wrench up over it with your sword on his sword’s blade, off above from his sword, and hew him to the other side, yet on his sword’s blade, into the head. That is called “taking off above”.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 013v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 013v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
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| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|''Break against the taking off above''}}</p>
 
| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|''Break against the taking off above''}}</p>
  
<p>When he takes off above, then bind above on his sword strongly in to his head with the long edge.</p>
+
<p>When he takes off above, then bind above on his sword strongly, in with the long edge to his head.</p>
 
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| {{red|Be Stronger against,<br/>&emsp;Wind, Stab. Sees he, then take it down.}}
 
| {{red|Be Stronger against,<br/>&emsp;Wind, Stab. Sees he, then take it down.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, if he parries and remains Strong with the parrying on the sword, then remain also Strong against with your sword on his and drive high up with the arms and Wind your hilt on his sword in front before your head, and stab him above into the face. If he becomes aware of the stab and drives high up with the arms and parries with the hilt, then remain thus standing with your hilt before your head and set the point in below on the neck, or on the breast between both his arms.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, if he parries and remains Strong with the parrying on the sword, then remain also Strong against with your sword on his, and drive high up with your arms, and Wind your hilt on his sword in front before your head, and stab him above into his face. If he becomes aware of the stab, and drives high up with his arms and parries with his hilt, then remain standing thus with your hilt before your head, and set the point in below on his neck, or on his breast between both his arms.</p>
 
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| {{red|Meanwhile, and Before, After,<br/>&emsp;Without haste. Your War should not be rushed.}}
 
| {{red|Meanwhile, and Before, After,<br/>&emsp;Without haste. Your War should not be rushed.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark this is when he has bound with you with a hew or with a stab, or otherwise on your sword, then you shall not too quickly leave his sword from the Winding before you very precisely mark if he is Soft or Hard in the bind, when one sword on the other clashes, and when you have found that first, then work Meanwhile with the Winding after the Soft and after the Hard, always to the next-standing opening as you hereafter become taught and trained in the techniques.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, this is when he has bound with you with a hew or with a stab (or otherwise on your sword): then from the Winding before you, you shall not too quickly leave his sword. When one sword clashes on the other, very precisely mark if he is Soft or Hard in the bind, and when you have found that first, then work Meanwhile with the Winding, after the Soft and after the Hard, always to the next-standing opening as you will be taught hereafter and trained in the techniques.</p>
 
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| {{red|Who enters the War<br/>&emsp;Above, he becomes ashamed below.}}
 
| {{red|Who enters the War<br/>&emsp;Above, he becomes ashamed below.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark the War, that is the Winding and the work that therefrom goes with the point to the four openings, and that drive thus: when you hew in with the Wrath-hew, then as quickly as he parries, drive well up with your arms and Wind the point of the sword above in to the upper opening of his left side. If he then sets the upper stab off, then remain thus standing in the Winding with the hilt before your head, and let the point sink down to the lower opening yet on his left side. If he then follows after your sword with the parrying, then search with the point for the lower opening on his right side. If he then follows after your sword further with the parrying, then drive up with your sword on your left side, and hang the point in above to the upper opening on his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed with the War above and low, if you drive correctly from one to the other.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark the War, that is, the Winding and the work that goes from there with the point to the four openings, and drive it thus: when you hew in with the Wrath-hew, then as quickly as he parries, drive up well with your arms and Wind the point of your sword above in to the upper opening of his left side. If he then sets the upper stab off, then remain thus standing in the Winding with the hilt before your head, and let the point sink down to the lower opening yet on his left side. If he then follows after your sword with the parrying, then search with the point for the lower opening on his right side. If he then follows after your sword further with the parrying, then drive up with your sword on your left side, and hang the point in above to the upper opening on his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed with the War above and low, if you drive correctly from one to the other.</p>
 
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| {{red|In all hits<br/>&emsp;You will trick the Masters.}}
 
| {{red|In all hits<br/>&emsp;You will trick the Masters.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark this is when you hew in to him with the Wrath-hew, then you shall be very well trained and entirely ready with the Winding on the sword, since each single Winding has three particular techniques; which are a hew, a stab, and a slice. And when you Wind on the sword, then you shall think precisely well, so that you do not incorrectly drive the technique that pertains in that Winding, thus that you do not hew when you should stab, and not slice when you should hew, and not stab when you should slice. And thus you shall always know to drive the technique that correctly pertains thereto in all hits and binding on the sword if you will trick or deceive the other Masters when they are set against you.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, this is when you hew in to him with the Wrath-hew: then you shall be very well trained and entirely ready with the Winding on the sword, since each single Winding has three particular techniques, which are a hew, a stab, and a slice. And when you Wind on the sword, then you shall think precisely well, so that you do not incorrectly drive the technique that pertains in that Winding (so that you do not hew when you should stab, and not slice when you should hew, and not stab when you should slice). And thus you shall always know to drive the technique that correctly pertains thereto in all hits and binding on the sword, if you will trick or deceive the other Masters when they are set against you.</p>
 
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| {{red|In all driving<br/>&emsp;Without confusion for how he acts.}}
 
| {{red|In all driving<br/>&emsp;Without confusion for how he acts.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark, who will be a Master of the Sword, he shall know how one shall search the Four Openings with art, if he will otherwise fence correctly and wisely. The first opening is the right side, the other the left, of the upper-half above the girdle of the man. The other two openings are the right and left side of the lower-half below the girdle. Now, there are two drivings wherefrom one shall search the openings. First, one shall search from the pre-fencing with Travelling-after and with shooting-in the long point. Secondly, one shall search with the Eight Windings when one has bound the other on the sword.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, whoever will be a Master of the Sword, he shall know how one shall search the Four Openings with art, if he will otherwise fence correctly and wisely. The first opening is the right side, the other the left, of the upper-half above the girdle of the man. The other two openings are the right and left side of the lower-half below the girdle. Now, there are two drivings whence one shall search the openings. First, one shall search from the pre-fencing with Travelling-after and with shooting-in the long point. Secondly, one shall search with the Eight Windings when one has bound the other on the sword.</p>
 
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| <p>[28] That you shall thus understand: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, you shall always aim at the Four Openings, to whichever you may best come on, boldly without any fear with a hew or with a stab, and regard not what he drives or fences against you. Therewith you force the man so that he must parry you, and when he has parried, then search quickly in the parrying with the Winding on his sword yet to the next opening, and thus aim always at the openings of the man and fence not to the sword, as in the technique which says, “Set on four ends, learn to remain thereon, will you end.”</p>
+
| <p>[28] That you shall thus understand: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, you shall always aim at the Four Openings boldly without any fear, with a hew or with a stab to whichever you may best come on, and regard not what he drives or fences against you. Therewith, you force the man so that he must parry you, and when he has parried, then search quickly in the parrying with the Winding on his sword yet to the next opening, and thus aim always at the openings of the man and fence not to the sword, as in the technique which says, “Set on four ends, learn to remain thereon, will you end.”<ref>Couplet 74.</ref></p>
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>41</small>
 
| <small>41</small>
| {{red|Have you understood this,<br/>&emsp;To strikes may he seldom come.}}
+
| {{red|If you have understood this,<br/>&emsp;To strikes may he seldom come.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark, when one earnestly hews in at you, if you will then reckon on him, and win on the openings with art so that he must let you strike without thinking, then drive the Doubling against the Strong of his sword, and the Mutating when he is Weak on the sword. So I say to you truthfully that he may not protect himself from strikes before you, and cannot come to strikes himself.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, when one earnestly hews in at you, if you will then reckon on him and win on the openings with art, so that he must let you strike without thinking, then drive the Doubling against the Strong of his sword, and the Mutating when he is Weak on the sword. So I say to you truthfully that he may not protect himself from strikes before you, and cannot come to strikes himself.</p>
 
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| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Here mark how you shall drive the Doubling to both sides:}}</p>
 
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Here mark how you shall drive the Doubling to both sides:}}</p>
  
<p>Mark, when he hews above to you from his right shoulder, then hew also from your right with him, likewise above strongly to the head. If he parries and remains Strong on the sword, then drive up Meanwhile with your arms and thrust your sword’s pommel with the left hand under your right arm, and strike in with the long edge with crossed arms behind his sword’s blade on his head.</p>
+
<p>Mark, when he hews above to you from his right shoulder: then hew also from your right with him, likewise above strongly to the head. If he parries and remains Strong on the sword, then drive up Meanwhile with your arms, and thrust your sword’s pommel with your left hand under your right arm, and strike in with the long edge with crossed arms, behind his sword’s blade on his head.</p>
 
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| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
 
| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
  
<p>Mark, if he hews you with the long edge in to your head from above his left shoulder, and you do likewise, again if he then remains Strong on the sword, then quickly drive up with the arms and strike in behind his sword’s blade with the short edge on his head.</p>
+
<p>Mark, if he hews you with the long edge in to your head from above his left shoulder, and you do likewise, if he then remains Strong on the sword again, then quickly drive up with your arms and strike in with the short edge, behind his sword’s blade on his head.</p>
 
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| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall drive the Mutating to both sides:}}</p>
 
| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall drive the Mutating to both sides:}}</p>
  
<p>Mark, when you hew strongly on him from above your right shoulder to the head, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then Wind on your left side with your short edge on his sword and drive well up with the arms, and drive in with your sword’s blade above over his sword and stab into the lower opening.</p>
+
<p>Mark, when you hew strongly on him from above your right shoulder to his head, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then Wind on your left side with your short edge on his sword, and drive up well with your arms, and drive in with your sword’s blade above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening.</p>
 
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| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
 
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
  
<p>Mark, when you hew to his head from above your left side, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then drive up with the arms and hang in the point above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening. Thus you may thereafter drive the two techniques from all hews as you find the Weak and Strong on the sword.</p>
+
<p>Mark, when you hew to his head from above your left side, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then drive up with your arms and hang in the point above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening. Thus you may drive the two techniques from all hews thereafter, as you find the Weak and Strong on the sword.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>

Revision as of 02:29, 29 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, Pseudo-Peter von Danzig's gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, appearing first in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig but do appear in Ringeck; this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer.

Branch B, appearing first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it has slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome, while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling from the Krakow and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, which only consists of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B), and this is appended to a fragment of Ringeck's short sword gloss; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck's short sword gloss and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work (Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this version is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents more closely match Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were formerly presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it appears in both concordances for comparative purposes.

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Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Per Rasmusson, Goliath text reads "...else the play further from the left side shall happen with the step and strike on other sides."
  3. Or "tap-hit".
  4. Könnte auch als »thun« gelesen werden.
  5. Lit. "he is".
  6. Couplets 102-109.
  7. Couplet 74.
  8. Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  9. Letter erased and overwritten.
  10. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  11. Korrigiert aus »das«.
  12. 12.0 12.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  13. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  14. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  15. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  16. "Nachent in weyshait" is reversed in the text, with markings indicating the correct word order"
  17. Corrected from »sein«.
  18. Corrected from »seinem«.
  19. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  20. Corrected from »dam«.
  21. Corrected from »dem«.
  22. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  23. Korrigiert aus »sein«.
  24. Corrected from »mit«.