Paulus Hector Mair/Image comparison

Long Sword

Incomplete Translation by Keith P. Myers	Dresden I Transcription (1540s)	Vienna I Transcription (1550s)	Munich I Transcription (1540s)
[1] The Zornhaw against the Thrust It happens that you stand with the Zornhaw (Wrath Strike) with the left foot forward. Then follow after with the right and hit him strongly from above to the left side. If he deflects this, then strike nimbly to the next opening. If he strikes you wrathfully like this, then wind against the Zornhaw in the Hanging Point and let your point properly go forward shooting in (Einschiessen) to the face or chest. If he perceives this thrust, then drive with the sword well up over your head, spring with your right foot to his left side and cut him with the Zwirchhaw (Across Strike) to the head. If he strikes towards your head like this with the Zwirchhaw with crossed arms, then displace this with your long edge, then immediately yank back your sword (as in illustration) and wind your point from your left side to his face or chest.
[2] The Krumphaw from Both Sides When you come to the closing with the opponent, set the left foot forward and hold your sword with the point at your right side and remain hence standing in the Krumphaw (Crooked/Off-line strike). If he then strikes you from above to an opening, step outward with your right foot and give him a Krump to his right side and strike him at the nearest opening. If he gives you a Krump like this and you stand with your right foot forward likewise in the Krumphaw, then step in with your left leg and displace his strike with your long edge. Then immediately follow outward with the right foot and drop a Krump onto his sword with your short edge and with that cut through his head.
[3] The Zwirchhaw from Both Sides When you come to the closing with the opponent, stand with the right foot forward such that the short edge is wound towards you. Then follow outward with your left leg and strike the Zwirchhaw with crossed arms. If he displaces this, then wind in the weak and strike him long to the upper opening. If rather you stand with the left foot forward and likewise lie against him in the Zwirch with crossed arms, then follow outward with your right foot and turn your hand so that the flat of the sword stands in front of him and strike with the Zwirch in towards his left ear. If he displaces your Zwirch, then let a double feint pass and strike him to the top of his head on the right side.
[4] The Schillerhaw (Squinting Strike) from Both Sides When you come to the closing with the opponent, set your left leg out in front such that the short edge is wound under. Then step out with your right foot, wind your pommel beneath your right arm and set upon him with the point. If he sets upon you with the point like this, then displace it and immediately wind in the Zwirch, hang with your sword against the Zwirch on your right side and step out with the left foot. Then wind the point in between his arms such that the short edge stays on top (as in illustration). If he winds his point in between your arms like this, then set this aside with your long edge. With that press downward and let the weak run and strike him with the long edge to his head.
[5] Schaitlerhaw (Vertex Strike) Stand with the left leg in front and lift your sword above your head with extended arms (as in illustration). Then spring in towards him with the right foot and strike with the long edge directly to the top of his head. Then sink the point downward to his face or chest. When he then does the Schaitler to you, displace it with the Kron (Crown) such that the point and the hilt of your sword both stand above you. If he then fires out to thrust the point upwards towards you, wind your sword through under his Kron with the edge against his arm and with that cut him over both of his arms. If he cuts over your arms like this, then step back with your right foot and set his cut aside with the Krumphaw with your short edge and with that cut to his right side.
[6] The Ochs from Both Sides It happens like this in the Ochs (Ox). Stand with the left foot forward and hold your sword with crosswise hands above your head. Then wind and step with your right foot to his right side. If he perceives this Upper Hanger, then strike in the Zwirchhaw with crossed arms. If he strikes the Zwirch towards you like this, displace it and immediately wind and hang the point towards the face or chest. Then strike in strongly from above to his head. If he displaces this, strike the double feint, then immediately quickly take (the opening) before you from which to work a strike, thrust or cut. If you then stand with the right foot opposite him and he works quickly at you, then set this aside with doubled cuts on both sides and immediately strike with the Zwirch with crossed arms to the right side of his head. If he displaces the Zwirch with the long edge, then let off and strike with the short edge from above.
[7] The Pflug from Both Sides Step in towards the opponent with the right foot and hang the sword at your left side. Then drive up with the hilt over your head, step across with your left leg, and strike the Zwirch. If he perceives the Zwirch and displaces it, then spring across with your right leg and strike to the top of the head. But if you stand opposite him in the Pflug (Plow) and he does the Schaitlerhaw to you, then wind upwards into the Prechfennster (Speaking Window) so that you are looking out through the arms and your right foot stands forward. Then drop down and strike in with the half edge to the left ear. If he strikes you like this, then displace it with your long edge and then immediately wind with your point to his left face or chest. Then let off (Ablassen) with your sword, step with the left foot in front of his right, and strike from above to his head.
[8] The Alber and the Guard Vom Tag Stand with your left foot forward with outstretched arms such that the point is directed at the ground and the short edge is up (Alber/Fool, at left of illustration). Then fly up with your sword with crossed arms in front of your head in the Versazung (Parry Position), step in with your right leg, and shove the point into the left side of his face. If you should perceive this thrust and stand with your right foot opposite him in the guard vom Tag (from the Roof, at right side of illustration), then take away the thrust with a Krumphaw and strike with the Zwirch. Then immediately drop down and cut through the face. If you perceive that he intends to cut you like this, then push away his cut with your long edge and immediately wind with your point towards the left side of his face or chest. Then follow with the left foot in front of his right and strike his right forearm. If he strikes towards your arm like this, displace it with the long edge, step with your left foot in front of his right, and let the weak of your sword run and strike him to the top of his head.
[9] The Strong and Weak with Which to Instantly Note Evenness You stand with the right foot forward and bind his sword with your Schweche (weak). Then determine whether he is soft or hard at his sword. When he is soft at the sword drop down on his left side, step out with your left leg, and Zuck (yank) all hits you will throw at the opponent. When you stand opposite him likewise in the weak and he does the Zucken (yank) against you, then step back with your right foot and strike a Creizhaw (Crossing Strike) to his right ear. If he displaces your Creizhaw, then drop down and shoot the point double to the face and with that strike his head from above. If he hits towards your head like this, then do not displace this. Rather step away from the strike to his right side and Zwirch to his head.
[10] A Nachraisen (Traveling After) with a Cut You stand with your left foot forward in the Unterhau (Upward Strike) and he adheres to your hands from above (as in illustration). So step outward with your right foot and drop a Krump on him at your left side. If he drops a Krump on you and you stand with your left foot forward, then drop down quickly and step out with your right leg. With that strike him from above to the right side of his head. When he displaces this, strike him from below to his left side with your long edge. Then immediately step back and strike him from above a long one to the head. If he travels after, then set the point in his chest. If he sets aside your point, then strike with extended arms back away from him. If he strikes back away from you like this, then travel after him double with cuts and strikes from above and below, whatever he makes you do.
[11] Another Nachraisen When you stand with your left foot forward, step outward with your right foot and strike from your right shoulder with an extended blow to his head. If he strikes a long one like this to your head and you stand with your left foot forward, then adhere to him with the short edge, step outward with the right foot and wind to his left ear such that the hilt stands in front of your head. Should he perceive the winding and displace it, then hang and pass through with your sword and strike him to the nearest opening. If he seeks your opening like this, then strike against him with your long edge and set this aside below and above, extend your trunk and arms well and seek with your point the opening at his face or chest. Then immediately strike a Zwirch to his head with crossed arms. If he does the Zwirch towards you like this, then displace it with your long edge and wind the short edge to his left ear. Then yank your right foot back once again and strike to his right ear.
[12] A Nachraisen with the Hangenden Ort Stand with your left foot forward and strike in from your left shoulder to the right side of his head. When he then strikes like this towards you and you stand with your right foot forward, drop into the Hangenden Ort (Hanging Point) (as in illustration) and let the weak of your sword pass, then spring in behind his right side and hit to his head. If he displaces this, Doplier (double) high and Muntier (transform) low and set the point on his neck. If he sets upon you with his point like this, then push him away with your long edge, follow with your right leg outward and strike from below to his right arm. If he displaces this, then step with your left foot in front of his right and hit him with a double Feler (feint) to the top of his head. If he strikes high towards you like this, then displace him and wind with your short edge at his left ear. Then immediately run off and strike around again to his left side with your long edge.
[13] Another Nachraisen When you stand with your right foot forward hold your sword extended in front of your face such that the short edge stands towards you and step out with your left leg as you wind to his chest. If he displaces the point, then yank back and strike from above to the next opening. If he then strikes you like this, set your left foot forward and spring with your right foot well to his left side and drop in with the Creuzhaw. If he displaces this, then step back with your right leg and strike to his left arm. If he strikes you like this, then displace this with the Krumphaw such that it adheres on your sword. Then immediately step outward with the right foot and strike high to his head. If he strikes high towards you like this, then set this aside with the Krump with your short edge on your right side, and with that cut into the upper opening.
[14] A Nachraisen from the Right Side You stand with your right foot forward and hold your sword at your chest with the point opposite his face (left side of illustration), then step in with your left leg and guard yourself with crossed arms in the Versazung (Parry/Ready Position). Then step outward with your right foot and strike high to his right side. If he strikes high towards you like this and you stand with your right foot forward, the sword on your right side with extended arms to fire amidst the opponent (right side of illustration), then step outward with your left foot and hold the hilt in front of your head such that the point stands to the rear with crossed arms, and strike to his right side. If he displaces this, then travel to his left side with your short edge and then immediately wind upward with the Rose on his sword and strike with the Zwirch with crossed arms to the right side of his head.
[15] A High and a Low Nachraisen You stand with your left leg forward and your sword at your right chest with the long edge turned towards the opponent (as in illustration). Step in with your right leg, drop down on his left side and strike him there with your long edge. You then stand with the right foot forward, so take away the strike with the half edge, follow outward with the left leg and strike to his right ear. Should he perceive this strike and displace it, wind the Zwirch to his left side and then immediately drop down and strike him again to the left side. If he strikes double towards you like this, displace this with your long edge, then immediately step outward with your right leg and cut to his neck with the short edge. With that turn the long edge on him and cut to his head and his body.
[16] An Uberlauffen (Running Over) with a Sword Capture You do an extended strike while stepping in with the right leg and he likewise strikes in high. Step outward with your left leg, wind your pommel to your right side in over his arm (Uberlauffen) and jerk inward to your right side so that you capture his sword (as in illustration). If he intends to capture your sword like this, then set your left leg in front of his right, release your sword to him and forcefully and quickly thrust to his left shoulder as you jerk his right leg backwards with your left. Thus you throw him forward onto his face. If he will throw you onto your face like this, then yank your right leg at once towards you and step behind your left as you cut to his head. If he intends to cut you like this and has both swords, then grab his left elbow with your right hand and his left knee with your left hand. Thus you throw him over and over.
[17] An Uberlauffen with a Sword Capture Step in with the right leg and strike him directly to the head, then follow outward with your left leg and strike to his right side. If he strikes towards you like this, then wind your pommel in over his arm as you pivot to your left side (Uberlauffen), thus you capture his sword (as in illustration). If he intends to capture your sword like this, then set your right foot in front of his left and quickly throw him. Or set your left hand high upon him and yank the right against you. Thus you lock his arm. If he will lock your arm like this, then let your sword drop, grab his right hand with your left and under his right shoulder with your right and capture him at the shoulder. Thus you may throw him or carry him away with an armlock.
[18] The Oberhaw with the Sword Capture When you come to the closing with the opponent, set your right leg forward, follow outward with the right leg and strike long to his head. If you strikes towards you like this and you stand with your left foot forward, then displace his Oberhaw (Downward Strike), step outward with your right foot or leg and grab inward over his right arm with your left to his hilt (as in illustration). Then travel towards your left side so that his sword is captured. If he has captured your sword like this, then set your left hand on his right elbow and the right on his left, and with that shove him away from you. If he shoves you away from him like this, then let both swords drop and immediately spring turning backwards, run your pommel between his legs with extended arms, and with that lift upward and stand him on his head.
[19] A High and a Low Thrust Stand with your right foot forward and fire the point at the opponent from your left side to his chest. Should he perceive this thrust and displace it, then wind him the Zwirch with your left leg in, step with the left foot around to your right side and strike to his left ear. If he strikes towards you like this, then block his Zwirch such that your left foot is forward (as in illustration) and strike high to his head. If he displaces this, then wind the point to his face or chest. Should he perceive this thrust, then wind him the hanging point such that your right foot stands forward and strike with the Zwirch to the left side of his head. If he strikes towards you like this, then displace this with the Krumphaw (also matches illustration) and immediately cut to his head. If you should perceive a cut like this, then cut at this right side and immediately step back with your right foot and wind the Zwirch to his left ear.
[20] A High Winding with an Oberhaw Stand with your right foot forward and strike to his upper opening. If he strikes against you like this, then displace him and wind the short edge at his right ear (as in illustration). If he displaces this, then wind opposite him in the hanging point and then go against him with a Schaitlerhaw. He displaces this, so drop out of the Schaitler and immediately Krumphaw and cut him through his mouth or wherever you want. Should you perceive this cut, then set the Krump on his sword again. With that you have broken his cut and may also cut to his head. When he has broken your cut like this and cuts towards your head, step back with the left leg and wind the hilt out in front of your head and immediately strike to his right side.
[21] A High and a Low Einschiessen (Shooting In) So you stand with your right foot forward and he is opposite you with his left and shoots the point in against your face or chest. Strike high over his position to his head (as in illustration), then step outward with your left leg, hang and with that wind to the next opening. If he then hangs and winds towards your head, step with your right leg in front of his left and strike towards the left side. If he should perceive this strike, then step back with your left leg and wind him the hanging point such that your hilt stands before your head. Then immediately step in with your left leg again and wind him your point with crossed hands from your left towards the right side of his face. If he displaces this, then follow outward with your right leg and strike him high directly with your long edge.
[22] A Thrust with the Pflug Abzunemen (Parry Position) You stand with your left foot forward with arms extended in front of your face such that the point stands opposite your opponent. Then step outward with your right foot and wind the point into his face. Should you stand opposite him in the Pflug with the right foot forward and perceive this thrust (as in illustration), then follow outward with your left foot and wind the point out on your right side and then strike him at the upper opening. Should he perceive this strike and displace it, then strike with the Zwirch to his right side with crossed arms. If he strikes towards your right side like this, set your right foot forward and hang the blade at the right side so that he strikes it. Then immediately follow outward with your left leg and strike to his upper opening. If he strikes high towards you like this, displace this with your long edge as you drive out in front of your head. Then set the edge on his left arm near your crossguard and with that shove him on his right side. Thus you may cut him as well.
[23] Two Thrusts from which One goes into Winding You stand with the right foot forward and fire the point at the opponent (as in illustration). Then follow outward with your left leg and wind the point in the face or chest with extended arms. If he displaces this, then step backwards with your left leg and wind into the Prechfennster (Speaking Window) such that your hilt stands before your head. If he lies in the Prechfennster like this, wind the point in his face out of the Rosen (Rose) such that your right foot stands forward, then step outward with your left leg, set your right foot behind his left and wind with the short edge to his head. Then immediately strike with the long edge to his right arm. If he strikes towards your right arm like this, follow outward with your left foot and set a Krump onto his sword and with that cut to his head and body. Should he cut towards you like this, then bite another Krump and with that strike to his next opening.
[24] A Durchlauffen (Run Through) with a Ringen (Grapple) When you come to the closing with the opponent, strike high to his head as you step inward with your right foot in front of his right. If he displaces this, then let your sword fall over behind your back, run your head through his right arm, grab with your right hand around his body towards his left side and with your left hand to the back of his right knee (as in illustration before dropping sword). Thus you throw him. If you will break this, then let your sword fall and drop your right arm high over his left. Thus you may lift him with that. If he has grabbed you like this, then yank your right leg back, release your right hand from his body and grab behind his right knee with it. Then thrust with your left hand into his chest. Thus you throw him back.
[25] A Zucken (Yank/Snatch) to Half Sword with a Thrust You stand with your left foot forward and hold your sword in front of your head with crossed arms, the point opposite his face (as in illustration), then step outward with your right foot and wind the point to his face or chest. If he winds one towards you like this, then stand with your right foot forward and set aside the thrust Krumb on his right side. If he then sets aside your thrust Krumb, yank your sword towards you to half blade and shoot the thrust in again towards his face with the short edge. If he displaces this, then step outward with your left foot and strike him a long one high to the next opening. If he strikes a long one towards you like this, then displace this with your long edge, follow outward with your left leg and strike him with the Zwirch with crossed hands to his right arm.
[26] A Grappling at the Sword with a Throw You come to the opponent at the closing, so set your left leg between his feet, release the left hand from your sword, grab him below his left arm around his body towards his left side, and trap him at the hip and carry him away (as in illustration) or throw him from you onto his face. If you would counter this, then drop your left hand around his neck and your right hand around his left foot. Thus you may likewise throw him.
[27] A Thrust out of the Hacken (Leg Hook) When you come to the opponent at the closing, step in with your right foot and strike high to his head. If he then strikes one like this towards you, displace it and yank his right leg towards you with your left (the Hacken or Leg Hook). Then release the left hand from your sword, go in under his right arm and set upon his chin. With that thrust him high away from you (as in illustration). If he then sets upon your chin like this and will throw you, let your sword drop and take the right arm and set it on his left elbow. Then grab his left hand with your left hand in front and pivot to the right side. Thus you lock the arm. If he would lock your arm and you have the sword in your right hand, then thrust with your pommel to his right elbow. Thus you throw your left arm free.
[28] An Entry with a Grapple You come to the closing with the opponent, so set your right leg forward and strike high and long to his head. Then release your left hand from your sword and set it on his right elbow, follow outward with your left leg and shove him away from you. If he shoves you away from him like this and you stand with your left foot forward, then drop your left arm onto his right (as in illustration) and wind his right arm under your shoulder. Set your right front in front of his left, go under his neck with your right arm, and wrench your sword pommel downward. If he intends to wrench you downward with his pommel, then press with your neck so that he wrenches around further. Then immediately drop your pommel over his left arm, take it again low with your left hand and with that push strongly downward. Thus you cut him through his head.
[29] [A Throw at the Sword] When you come to the closing with the opponent Zwirch high to his head with your long edge, then let your sword drop and grab between his arms with your right hand to his neck around on his right side. Then immediately step with your left leg behind his left and yank low towards yourself (as in illustration). With that throw him to your right side. If he has trapped you like this high and low and intends to throw you, then press his arm with your arms together. Thus you counter him. If he has trapped your arm like this and intends to counter you, then step inward with your right foot in front of his left and immediately pull your arm powerfully from him and take his sword out of his hand. With that turn to your right side and cut him with the long edge from above.
[30] An Uberlauffen with a Grapple When you go to close with the opponent stand with your left foot forward and strike him with a Krump. Then follow outward with your right leg and Zwirch to the other side. Should he perceive your Zwirch and displace it, drop both your hands between his arms such that your right hand stands high on his hilt and pass your left hand under his right around to the pommel. With that pull him towards you. If he then pulls you towards himself like this, step with your right foot behind his left and let your sword drop. Then grab with your left hand under his left thigh and with your right forward on his neck. Then immediately throw him swiftly behind you.