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Difference between revisions of "De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi (MS Vitt.Em.1324)"
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{{infobox manuscript | {{infobox manuscript | ||
<!----------Name----------> | <!----------Name----------> | ||
− | | name = [[name::De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi]] | + | | name = [[name::De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi]] |
− | | location = [[inventory::MS Vitt.Em.1324]], [[museum::Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma|Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale]]<br/>Rome, Italy | + | | location = [[inventory::MS Vitt.Em.1324]], [[museum::Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma|Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale]]<br/>Rome, Italy |
<!----------Image----------> | <!----------Image----------> | ||
− | | imageleft = File:Cod.1324 IIv. | + | | imageleft = File:Cod.1324 IIv.png |
− | | imageright = File:Cod.1324 | + | | imageright = File:Cod.1324 01r.png |
− | | width = | + | | width = x225px |
− | | caption = Frontispiece and folio 1r | + | | caption = Frontispiece and folio 1r |
<!----------General----------> | <!----------General----------> | ||
− | | | + | | Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::PVR]] |
− | | Wierschin's catalog= | + | | Wierschin's catalog= — |
− | | Hils' catalog = | + | | Hils' catalog = — |
− | | Beck catalog = | + | | Beck catalog = — |
− | | Also known as = | + | | Also known as = |
− | | Type = {{plainlist | + | | Type = {{plainlist |
− | + | | [[type::Fencing manual]] | |
− | + | | [[type::Wrestling manual]] | |
− | }} | + | }} |
− | | Date = between [[year::1482-1487|1482 and 1487]] | + | | Date = between [[year::1482-1487|1482 and 1487]] |
− | | Place of origin = Urbino, Italy (?) | + | | Place of origin = Urbino, Italy (?) |
− | | Language(s) = [[language::Middle Italian]] | + | | Language(s) = [[language::Middle Italian]] |
− | | Scribe(s) = Unknown | + | | Scribe(s) = Unknown |
− | | Author(s) = [[author::Philippo di Vadi]] | + | | Author(s) = [[author::Philippo di Vadi]] |
− | | Compiled by = | + | | Compiled by = |
− | | Illuminated by = Unknown | + | | Illuminated by = Unknown |
− | | Patron = | + | | Patron = |
− | | Dedicated to = Duke Guidobaldo da Montefeltro | + | | Dedicated to = Duke Guidobaldo da Montefeltro |
<!----------Form and content----------> | <!----------Form and content----------> | ||
− | | Material = Paper, with a leather binding | + | | Material = Paper, with a leather binding |
− | | Size = 42 [[folia]] | + | | Size = 42 [[folia]] (235 mm x 150 mm) |
− | | Format = Double-sided; two illustrations <br/> | + | | Format = Double-sided; two illustrations per side, <br/>with text above |
− | | Condition = | + | | Condition = |
− | | Script = | + | | Script = |
− | | Contents = | + | | Contents = |
− | | Illumination(s) = | + | | Illumination(s) = |
− | | Additions = | + | | Additions = |
− | | Exemplar(s) = ''[[Fiore de'i Liberi|Fior di Battaglia]]'' | + | | Exemplar(s) = ''[[Fiore de'i Liberi|Fior di Battaglia]]'' |
− | | Previously kept = | + | | Previously kept = |
− | | Discovered = | + | | Discovered = |
− | | Website = [http://manus.iccu.sbn.it//opac_SchedaScheda.php?ID=67849 Library catalog entry] | + | | Website = [http://manus.iccu.sbn.it//opac_SchedaScheda.php?ID=67849 Library catalog entry] |
− | | Images = {{plainlist | + | | Images = {{plainlist |
− | + | | [http://digitale.bnc.roma.sbn.it/tecadigitale/manoscrittoantico/BNCR_Ms_VE_1324/BNCR_Ms_VE_1324/1 Digital scans] | |
− | + | | [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cod.1324 Digital scans] | |
− | + | | [http://www.salafenix.eu/docs/biblio/tratados/Filippo_Vadi.De_Arte_Gladiatoria_Dimicandi.1482.Original.it.pdf Digital scans] | |
− | }} | + | | [http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/Vadi.htm Microfilm scans] |
− | | below = | + | }} |
+ | | below = | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | The '''''De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi''''' ("On the Art of | + | The '''''De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi''''' ("On the Art of Fencing with Swords", MS Vitt. Em. 1324), is an [[nationality::Italian]] [[fencing manual]] by [[Philippo di Vadi]] of Pisa, probably created between 1482 and 1487.<ref>It is dedicated to Duke Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, who became duke in 1482, and is included in a Ducal Library catalog completed in 1487.</ref> The original currently rests in the Vittorio Emanuele II collection of the [[Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma]] in Rome, Italy. The main body of text is largely a redaction of the writings of [[Fiore de'i Liberi]], generally repeating the text of Liberi's ''[[Flos Duellatorum (Pisani Dossi MS)|Flos Duellatorum]]''; the layout is likewise very similar to that of his later ''[[Florius de Arte Luctandi (MS Latin 11269)|Florius de Arte Luctandi]]''. It seems almost certain that Vadi stood in the tradition of Liberi, or at the very least possessed a copy of his fencing manual. However, this manuscript cannot be written off as a mere plagiarism of Liberi, as it augments his offering with a lengthy, sixteen chapter introduction that illuminates many of the subtleties of Medieval Italian fencing. |
== Provenance == | == Provenance == | ||
Line 67: | Line 68: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! id="page" | [[Philippo di Vadi|IIv - 3v]] | ! id="page" | [[Philippo di Vadi|IIv - 3v]] | ||
− | | Preface by Philippo di Vadi | + | | Preface by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Philippo di Vadi|3v - 14v]] | ! [[Philippo di Vadi|3v - 14v]] | ||
− | | | + | | Introduction by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Philippo di Vadi|15r - 23v]] | ! [[Philippo di Vadi|15r - 23v]] | ||
− | | [[ | + | | [[Sword]] by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Philippo di Vadi|24r - 25r]] | ! [[Philippo di Vadi|24r - 25r]] | ||
− | | [[ | + | | [[Axe]] by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Philippo di Vadi|26r - 27v]] | ! [[Philippo di Vadi|26r - 27v]] | ||
− | | Sword in [[Armor]] by Philippo di Vadi | + | | Sword in [[Armor]] by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Philippo di Vadi|28r - 28v<br/>38r - 38v]] | ! [[Philippo di Vadi|28r - 28v<br/>38r - 38v]] | ||
− | | [[Staff Weapons]] by Philippo di Vadi | + | | [[Staff Weapons]] by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Philippo di Vadi|29r - 37v]] | ! [[Philippo di Vadi|29r - 37v]] | ||
− | | [[Dagger]] by Philippo di Vadi | + | | [[Dagger]] by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Philippo di Vadi|29r]] | ! [[Philippo di Vadi|29r]] | ||
− | | [[Grappling]] by Philippo di Vadi | + | | [[Grappling]] by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Philippo di Vadi|39r - 42v]] | ! [[Philippo di Vadi|39r - 42v]] | ||
− | | Dagger by Philippo di Vadi | + | | Dagger by [[Philippo di Vadi]] |
|} | |} | ||
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== Gallery == | == Gallery == | ||
− | + | {{collation}} | |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 Cover 1. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 Cover 1.png|Front Cover}} |
− | {{image|Cover|Inside Cover | + | {{image|Cod.1324 Cover 2.png|Inside Cover}} |
− | {{image|Ir|Ir | + | {{image|Cod.1324 Ir.png|Ir}} |
− | {{image|Iv|Iv | + | {{image|Cod.1324 Iv.png|Iv}} |
− | {{image|IIr|IIr | + | {{image|Cod.1324 IIr.png|IIr}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 IIv. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 IIv.png|IIv}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 01r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 01r.png|Folio 1r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 01v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 01v.png|Folio 1v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 02r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 02r.png|Folio 2r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 02v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 02v.png|Folio 2v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 03r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 03r.png|Folio 3r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 03v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 03v.png|Folio 3v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 04r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 04r.png|Folio 4r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 04v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 04v.png|Folio 4v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 05r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 05r.png|Folio 5r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 05v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 05v.png|Folio 5v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 06r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 06r.png|Folio 6r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 06v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 06v.png|Folio 6v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 07r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 07r.png|Folio 7r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 07v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 07v.png|Folio 7v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 08r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 08r.png|Folio 8r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 08v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 08v.png|Folio 8v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 09r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 09r.png|Folio 9r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 09v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 09v.png|Folio 9v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 10r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 10r.png|Folio 10r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 10v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 10v.png|Folio 10v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 11r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 11r.png|Folio 11r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 11v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 11v.png|Folio 11v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 12r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 12r.png|Folio 12r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 12v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 12v.png|Folio 12v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 13r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 13r.png|Folio 13r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 13v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 13v.png|Folio 13v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 14r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 14r.png|Folio 14r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 14v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 14v.png|Folio 14v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 15r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 15r.png|Folio 15r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 15v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 15v.png|Folio 15v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 16r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 16r.png|Folio 16r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 16v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 16v.png|Folio 16v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 17r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 17r.png|Folio 17r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 17v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 17v.png|Folio 17v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 18r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 18r.png|Folio 18r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 18v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 18v.png|Folio 18v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 19r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 19r.png|Folio 19r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 19v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 19v.png|Folio 19v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 20r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 20r.png|Folio 20r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 20v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 20v.png|Folio 20v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 21r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 21r.png|Folio 21r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 21v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 21v.png|Folio 21v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 22r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 22r.png|Folio 22r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 22v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 22v.png|Folio 22v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 23r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 23r.png|Folio 23r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 23v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 23v.png|Folio 23v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 24r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 24r.png|Folio 24r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 24v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 24v.png|Folio 24v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 25r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 25r.png|Folio 25r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 25v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 25v.png|Folio 25v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 26r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 26r.png|Folio 26r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 26v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 26v.png|Folio 26v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 27r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 27r.png|Folio 27r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 27v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 27v.png|Folio 27v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 28r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 28r.png|Folio 28r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 28v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 28v.png|Folio 28v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 29r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 29r.png|Folio 29r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 29v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 29v.png|Folio 29v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 30r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 30r.png|Folio 30r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 30v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 30v.png|Folio 30v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 31r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 31r.png|Folio 31r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 31v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 31v.png|Folio 31v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 32r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 32r.png|Folio 32r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 32v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 32v.png|Folio 32v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 33r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 33r.png|Folio 33r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 33v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 33v.png|Folio 33v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 34r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 34r.png|Folio 34r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 34v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 34v.png|Folio 34v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 35r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 35r.png|Folio 35r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 35v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 35v.png|Folio 35v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 36r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 36r.png|Folio 36r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 36v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 36v.png|Folio 36v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 37r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 37r.png|Folio 37r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 37v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 37v.png|Folio 37v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 38r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 38r.png|Folio 38r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 38v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 38v.png|Folio 38v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 39r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 39r.png|Folio 39r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 39v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 39v.png|Folio 39v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 40r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 40r.png|Folio 40r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 40v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 40v.png|Folio 40v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 41r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 41r.png|Folio 41r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 41v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 41v.png|Folio 41v}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 42r. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 42r.png|Folio 42r}} |
− | {{image|Cod.1324 42v. | + | {{image|Cod.1324 42v.png|Folio 42v}} |
− | {{image|Cover|Inside Cover | + | {{image|Cod.1324 43r.png|Folio 43r}} |
− | {{image|Cover|Back Cover | + | {{image|Cod.1324 43v.png|Folio 43v}} |
+ | {{image|Cod.1324 Cover 3.png|Inside Cover}} | ||
+ | {{image|Cod.1324 Cover 4.png|Back Cover}} | ||
+ | {{-}} | ||
== Additional Resources == | == Additional Resources == | ||
− | + | {{bibliography}} | |
− | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
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| work = Images | | work = Images | ||
| authors = [[Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma]] | | authors = [[Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma]] | ||
− | | source link = http:// | + | | source link = http://digitale.bnc.roma.sbn.it/tecadigitale/manoscrittoantico/BNCR_Ms_VE_1324/BNCR_Ms_VE_1324/1 |
− | + | | source title= Biblioteca Digitale | |
− | + | | license = noncommercial | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | | source title= | ||
− | | license = | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{sourcebox | {{sourcebox | ||
| work = Transcription | | work = Transcription | ||
− | | authors = [[Marco Rubboli]] and [[Luca Cesari]] | + | | authors = [[transcriber::Marco Rubboli]] and [[transcriber::Luca Cesari]] |
| source link = | | source link = | ||
| source title= [[Index:De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi (MS Vitt.Em.1324)]] | | source title= [[Index:De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi (MS Vitt.Em.1324)]] |
Latest revision as of 17:10, 31 October 2024
De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MS Vitt.Em.1324, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Rome, Italy | |||||
| |||||
| |||||
Type | |||||
Date | between 1482 and 1487 | ||||
Place of origin | Urbino, Italy (?) | ||||
Language(s) | Middle Italian | ||||
Author(s) | Philippo di Vadi | ||||
Scribe(s) | Unknown | ||||
Illustrator(s) | Unknown | ||||
Dedicated to | Duke Guidobaldo da Montefeltro | ||||
Material | Paper, with a leather binding | ||||
Size | 42 folia (235 mm x 150 mm) | ||||
Format | Double-sided; two illustrations per side, with text above | ||||
Exemplar(s) | Fior di Battaglia | ||||
External data | Library catalog entry | ||||
Treatise scans |
The De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi ("On the Art of Fencing with Swords", MS Vitt. Em. 1324), is an Italian fencing manual by Philippo di Vadi of Pisa, probably created between 1482 and 1487.[1] The original currently rests in the Vittorio Emanuele II collection of the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma in Rome, Italy. The main body of text is largely a redaction of the writings of Fiore de'i Liberi, generally repeating the text of Liberi's Flos Duellatorum; the layout is likewise very similar to that of his later Florius de Arte Luctandi. It seems almost certain that Vadi stood in the tradition of Liberi, or at the very least possessed a copy of his fencing manual. However, this manuscript cannot be written off as a mere plagiarism of Liberi, as it augments his offering with a lengthy, sixteen chapter introduction that illuminates many of the subtleties of Medieval Italian fencing.
Contents
Provenance
The known provenance of the MS Vitt. Em. 1324 is:[2][3]
- Written in the late 1400s. Gifted by Philippo di Vadi to Duke Guidobaldo da Montefeltro between 1482 and 1487.
- 1480s-1502 – Held in the Ducal Library at Urbino (disappeared during Cesare Borgia's conquest in 1502).
- 1500s – "Di Francescho a leoni battiloro e de sua amici" inscribed inside the cover in a 16th century hand.
- before 1838 – Acquired by British book dealer JT Payne (sold London, JT Payne, 1838).
- 1838-1872 – Owned by Sir Thomas Phillipps (1792-1872), mistakenly listed twice as Mss. Ph. 11725 and 13545 (purchased London, JT Payne, 1838).
- 1885-1938 – Owned by Thomas FitzRoy Fenwick (1856-1938), who took control of Phillipps Library in 1885 after a protracted legal dispute (sold London, 1946).
- 1946-1967 – Owned by book dealers Phillip and Lionel Robinson, who purchased the "residue" of Phillipps Library, including Mss. Ph. 11725&13545, for £100,000 (sold London, Sotheby's, 1967).
- 1967-present – Purchased by the Italian Ministry of Education, stored at Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma.
Contents
IIv - 3v | Preface by Philippo di Vadi |
---|---|
3v - 14v | Introduction by Philippo di Vadi |
15r - 23v | Sword by Philippo di Vadi |
24r - 25r | Axe by Philippo di Vadi |
26r - 27v | Sword in Armor by Philippo di Vadi |
28r - 28v 38r - 38v |
Staff Weapons by Philippo di Vadi |
29r - 37v | Dagger by Philippo di Vadi |
29r | Grappling by Philippo di Vadi |
39r - 42v | Dagger by Philippo di Vadi |
Gallery
Additional Resources
The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.
- Deacon, Jacob Henry (2016). "Prologues, Poetry, Prose and Portrayals: The Purposes of Fifteenth Century Fight Books According to the Diplomatic Evidence." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 4(2): 69-90. doi:10.36950/apd-2016-014.
- Vadi, Filippo (2002). Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi: 15th Century Swordsmanship of Master Filippo Vadi. Trans. by Gregory Mele; Luca Porzio. Union City, CA: Chivalry Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1891448164.
- Vadi, Filippo (2005). L'arte Cavalleresca del Combattimento. Ed. by Marco Rubboli; Luca Cesari. Rome: Il Cerchio Iniziative Editoriali. ISBN 88-8474-079-7.
- Vadi, Philippo; Connor Kemp-Cowell (2021). Wielding the Light of Mars: A Translation and Guide to De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi. Trans. by Ian Davis. Self-published.
- Windsor, Guy (2013). Veni Vadi Vici. A Transcription, Translation and Commentary of Philippo Vadi's De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi. Self-published. ISBN 978-952-93-1686-1.
- Windsor, Guy (2018). The Art of Sword Fighting in Earnest. Spada Press. ISBN 978-952-7157-37-4.
References
- ↑ It is dedicated to Duke Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, who became duke in 1482, and is included in a Ducal Library catalog completed in 1487.
- ↑ Rubboli, Marco and Cesari, Luca. The Knightly Art of Combat of Filippo Vadi. Document circulated online.
- ↑ According to the Library catalog entry
Copyright and License Summary
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
---|---|---|---|
Images | Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma | Biblioteca Digitale | |
Transcription | Marco Rubboli and Luca Cesari | Index:De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi (MS Vitt.Em.1324) |