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{{infobox medieval text
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{{Infobox writer
<!----------Name---------->
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| name                 = [[Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli]]
| name                 = [[title::Die Blume des Kampfes]]
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| image               = File:Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli portrait.png
| alternative title(s)  =
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| imagesize            = 300px
<!----------Image---------->
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| caption             =  
| image                 = File:Blume des Kampfes compilation.png
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| width                = 250px
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| pseudonym           =  
| caption               =  
+
| birthname            =  
<!----------Information---------->
+
| birthdate            = 16th century
| full title           =  
+
| birthplace          =
| also known as        =  
+
| deathdate            = 17th century
| author(s)            = {{plainlist
+
| deathplace           =  
| [[author::Ludwig VI von Eyb]]
+
| resting_place       =  
| Unknown
+
| occupation          = [[Fencing master]]
}}
+
| language            = [[Italian]]
| ascribed to          =  
+
| nationality          =  
| compiled by           =  
+
| ethnicity            =  
| illustrated by       = Unknown
+
| citizenship          =
| patron                =
+
| education            =
| dedicated to          =
+
| alma_mater          =  
| audience              =
+
| patron              = Federico Ubaldo della Roevere
| language              = [[language::Early New High German]]
+
 
| date                  = before [[year::1420]]s
+
| period              =  
| state of existence    = Original hypothetical; multiple <br/>incomplete copies exist
+
| genre                = [[Fencing manual]]
<!----------Manuscript Information---------->
+
| subject              =
| genre                = {{plainlist
+
| movement            =
| [[Fencing manual]]
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| notableworks        = ''[[Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'Uso della Scherma (Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli)|Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'Uso della<br/>Scherma]]'' (1610)
| [[Wrestling manual]]
+
| manuscript(s)       =
}}
 
| series                =  
 
| archetype(s)          =  
 
| manuscript(s)        = {{plainlist
 
| [[Die Blume des Kampfes (Cod.5278)|Cod. 5278]] (1420s?)
 
| [[Eyb Kriegsbuch (MS B.26)|MS B.26]] (1500)
 
| [[Bũech von fechter Vnnd Ringstückhen zũ Ross vnnd Fuoß (Cod.10799)|Cod. 10799]] (1623)
 
| [[Wolfenbüttel Sketchbook (Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º)|Cod. guelf. 78.2 aug.2º]] (?)<br/>&emsp;(1465-80)
 
}}
 
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
| first printed edition =  
+
| first printed edition=  
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
| below                 =  
+
 
 +
| spouse              =
 +
| partner              =
 +
| children            =
 +
| relatives            =
 +
| influences          = [[Camillo Aggrippa]]
 +
| influenced          = [[Sebastian Heußler]]
 +
| awards              =
 +
| signature            =
 +
| website              =
 +
| below               =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''''Die Blume des Kampfes''''' (“The Flower of Battle”) is a nickname given to a group of three German manuscripts which share a common technical syllabus and set of illustrations. It might possibly be based on the tradition of 14th century Italian master [[Fiore de'i Liberi]], from whose treatise ''Fior di Battaglia'' it derives its nickname, given that his works include considerable overlap in technique and artwork. It is equally possible, though, that they represent a separate transmission of an older tradition of which Fiore was himself an initiate; Fiore mentions in his prefaces that he owned books on the art and he also names two older masters in his tradition, [[Johane Suveno]] and [[Nicholai de Toblem]]; it is possible that either or both of those masters authored texts which inspired both this tradition as well as Fiore's own writings.
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'''Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli''' (Ridolfo Capoferro, Rodulphus Capoferrus) was a 17th century [[Italian]] [[fencing master]].
 
 
Like ''Fior di Battaglia'', ''die Blume des Kampfes'' treats [[mounted fencing]], [[spear]], [[poleaxe]]/[[halberd]], sword (both [[long sword]] and [[short sword]]), [[dagger]] (including dagger against sword), and [[grappling]]; it also includes unique content such as armored sword and [[shield]] and dueling with [[long shield]]s. In comparison to their Italic counterparts, the Germanic works place a greater emphasis on [[short sword]] fencing, doubling the number of devices, and also dwarf Fiore's own rather brief treatment of unarmored grappling. The dagger, sword, and polearm material is all more or less consistent across both traditions, and the explanatory text, though unconnected to that of Fiore, demonstrates a similar understanding or interpretation of the techniques.
 
 
 
<h2> Manuscripts </h2>
 
 
 
The oldest manuscript in the ''Blume des Kampfes'' group is the [[Die Blume des Kampfes (Cod.5278)|Cod. 5278]], which dates to the 1420s and contains only simple line drawings somewhat reminiscent of the art of Fiore de'i Liberi, though differing in many details, lacking signature characteristics such as garters and crowns, and generally less organized than the Friulian master's work.
 
  
The second entry, included in the [[Eyb Kriegsbuch (MS B.26)|MS B.26]], was completed in ca. 1500 by [[Ludwig VI von Eyb]]; it contains a significant degree of overlap with the 5278, though both manuscripts also have a wealth of unique content. While the artwork, apart from being colored, is of similar quality, Eyb's treatise surpasses its fellow by including detailed German descriptions of the devices in most of its sections. (It cannot currently be determined whether this text was authored by Eyb or present in the sources upon which he based his work, but the rest of the material in the B.26 appears to have been unaltered from its sources.)
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He seems to have been born in the town of Cagli in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino, and was a resident of Siena, Tuscany. Little is known about the life of this master, though the dedication to Federico Ubaldo della Roevere, the young son of Duke Francesco Maria Feltrio della Roevere, may indicate that he was associated with the court at Urbino in some capacity. The statement at the beginning of Capo Ferro's treatise describing him as a "master of the great German nation" likely signifies that he was faculty at the University of Siena, either holding a position analogous to dean of all German students, or perhaps merely the fencing master who taught the German students.
  
The final manuscript, [[Bũech von fechter Vnnd Ringstückhen zũ Ross vnnd Fuoß (Cod.10799)|Cod. 10799]], is dated 1623 and is again text-less. Unlike the previous two manuscripts, however, it is illustrated with watercolors of high quality; it is also the most extensive of the three by far, encompassing nearly every device from both works as well as a number of unique devices that suggest that it was either not derived directly from the other two known manuscripts, or that it used additional sources currently unknown to us.<!-- Additionally, where the other two include [[war book]]s derived from [[Konrad Kyeser]]'s famous treatise on siege warfare ''Bellifortis'', the artist of the 10799 only included the few ''Bellifortis'' illustrations that seem to portray knights and soldiers, perhaps indicating that he did not understand what he was copying. Aside from the ''Blume des Kampfes'' material, the 10799 also has a good deal of extra content including portrayals of laying down and taking up the sword, Germanic sash wrestling, armored dagger and buckler, and the [[sword dance]].
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At the age of 52, Capo Ferro authored a treatise on the [[rapier]] entitled ''[[Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'Uso della Scherma (Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli)|Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'Uso della Scherma]]'' ("Great Representation of the Art and Use of Fencing"); it was published in Siena in 1610, but refers to Federico by the ducal title. Though this treatise is highly praised by modern fencing historians, it is neither comprehensive nor particularly innovative and does not seem to have been influential in its own time.
  
There is a fourth Germanic manuscript potentially connected to this tradition, the [[Wolfenbüttel Sketchbook (Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º]]. This manuscript, dating to between 1465 and 1480, includes a version of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s [[Recital]], a complete set of illustrations from [[Gladiatoria]], and a brief excerpt of ''Bellifortis''. Tucked away amidst these works are illustrations of fencing with sword, spear, ax, and dagger that parallel the teachings of the ''Blume des Kampfes'' but only occasionally replicate the artwork exactly. While this may simply be a case of an overambitious artist reinterpreting the illustrations he was copying, the differences are too many to include the manuscript in the concordance below.
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<h2> Treatise </h2>
  
== Treatise ==
+
This concordance uses the watercolor illustrations from the 1629 edition where they are available, except for a few in which the paint obscures the actual fencing actions. You can view all of the painted illustrations on the treatise page.
  
Due to the fragmentary nature of the extant texts, piecing together an authoritative version of the treatise is problematic. In this concordance, the structure laid out by the Cod. 5278 will generally be followed, as it is the oldest known text. The additional plays from MS B.26 will be arranged around this structure; the sequence in B.26 will only take precedence over that of 5278 in cases where the text dictates a sequence of plays (following the principle that text always takes precedence over illustrations). Unique plays from the Cod. 10799 will appear last in each section, since their relationship to the others is unclear. -->
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([[Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli|Read more]]…)
  
([[Die Blume des Kampfes|Read more]]…)
 
  
 
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Revision as of 04:48, 29 July 2020

Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli
Born 16th century
Died 17th century
Occupation Fencing master
Patron Federico Ubaldo della Roevere
Influences Camillo Aggrippa
Influenced Sebastian Heußler
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'Uso della
Scherma
(1610)
Concordance by Michael Chidester

Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli (Ridolfo Capoferro, Rodulphus Capoferrus) was a 17th century Italian fencing master.

He seems to have been born in the town of Cagli in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino, and was a resident of Siena, Tuscany. Little is known about the life of this master, though the dedication to Federico Ubaldo della Roevere, the young son of Duke Francesco Maria Feltrio della Roevere, may indicate that he was associated with the court at Urbino in some capacity. The statement at the beginning of Capo Ferro's treatise describing him as a "master of the great German nation" likely signifies that he was faculty at the University of Siena, either holding a position analogous to dean of all German students, or perhaps merely the fencing master who taught the German students.

At the age of 52, Capo Ferro authored a treatise on the rapier entitled Gran Simulacro dell'Arte e dell'Uso della Scherma ("Great Representation of the Art and Use of Fencing"); it was published in Siena in 1610, but refers to Federico by the ducal title. Though this treatise is highly praised by modern fencing historians, it is neither comprehensive nor particularly innovative and does not seem to have been influential in its own time.

Treatise

This concordance uses the watercolor illustrations from the 1629 edition where they are available, except for a few in which the paint obscures the actual fencing actions. You can view all of the painted illustrations on the treatise page.

(Read more…)


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