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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Note, drive this play}} from the third guard as follows: When you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle athwart in front of you on the saddle bow. If he then rides onto you with the lance, then sweep with the front part of your lance to his right side at his, and strike your lance with it under your right armpit, and ride forward. Thus you hit, and he does not. You shall also, from all three guards, come to half of the lance with the left hand, for the sake of strength.</p>
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| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Note, drive this play}} from the third guard as follows:</p>
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<p>When you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle athwart in front of you on the saddle bow. If he then rides onto you with the lance, then sweep with the front part of your lance to his right side at his, and strike your lance with it under your right armpit, and ride forward. Thus you hit, and he does not. You shall also, from all three guards, come to half of the lance with the left hand, for the sake of strength.</p>
 
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| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about a lesson with free hands}}<br/><br/></p>
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| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about a lesson with free hands}}</p>
 
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<p>Note, if he comes with his left side to your right and falls to you with the left arm behind around your body and wants to wrestle, then strike down from above behind you with the right hand outward in the joint of his left arm, and ride forward.</p>
 
<p>Note, if he comes with his left side to your right and falls to you with the left arm behind around your body and wants to wrestle, then strike down from above behind you with the right hand outward in the joint of his left arm, and ride forward.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 046v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 046v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047r.jpg|1|lbl=47r|p=1}}
 
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 26th figure teaches this,}} which says “Grip over whoever attacks you, or do to him against riding.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 26th figure teaches this,}} which says “Grip over whoever attacks you, or do to him against riding.”</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 046v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047r.jpg|1|lbl=47r|p=1}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 20th figure teaches you this,}} which says “Compel against all hits, which will always be.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 20th figure teaches you this,}} which says “Compel against all hits, which will always be.”</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
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<p>When you ride to him to the left side, hew in strong, and shoot the point to his face. If he parries or stabs equally with you, before he indeed comes to you, then rise with the left arm inwards over his sword, and press it as such with the arm into your left side, and ride forward, so you take his sword.</p>
 
<p>When you ride to him to the left side, hew in strong, and shoot the point to his face. If he parries or stabs equally with you, before he indeed comes to you, then rise with the left arm inwards over his sword, and press it as such with the arm into your left side, and ride forward, so you take his sword.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047v.jpg|1|lbl=47v}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 16th figure teaches this,}} which says “Catch the weapons in the wide, meanwhile ride against.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 16th figure teaches this,}} which says “Catch the weapons in the wide, meanwhile ride against.”</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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<p>Note, when you ride to him to the left side, and hew in, if he parries and rides near to you with it, then grab his right hand with the left, then work with the sword or wait for the wrestling.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you ride to him to the left side, and hew in, if he parries and rides near to you with it, then grab his right hand with the left, then work with the sword or wait for the wrestling.</p>
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson, if your horse makes a fool out of you so that you would like to come to no plays, then don’t let your horse run far from him, therefore it will not become tired, and you also remain lying, and ride against him to the side which makes it good for you, which you may have your best advantage with all art.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson, if your horse makes a fool out of you so that you would like to come to no plays, then don’t let your horse run far from him, therefore it will not become tired, and you also remain lying, and ride against him to the side which makes it good for you, which you may have your best advantage with all art.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 14th figure teaches this,}} which says “Otherwise turn around, there the horse hurries back.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 14th figure teaches this,}} which says “Otherwise turn around, there the horse hurries back.”</p>
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you have no choice but to ride to his left side, if you then have a sword, and he also has one, then lay yours on the left arm in the guard. If he then hews in above to the head, then rise and parry with the long edge so that your point stands to your left side, and ride to him, and grab his right hand with your left, and bash him with the pommel under the face.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you have no choice but to ride to his left side, if you then have a sword, and he also has one, then lay yours on the left arm in the guard. If he then hews in above to the head, then rise and parry with the long edge so that your point stands to your left side, and ride to him, and grab his right hand with your left, and bash him with the pommel under the face.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 17th figure teaches this,}} which says “If you hunt left, then fall upon sword’s pommel, shove under eyes.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 17th figure teaches this,}} which says “If you hunt left, then fall upon sword’s pommel, shove under eyes.”</p>
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<p>Note, when you ride to his left side, lie your sword onto your left arm in the guard. If he then hews in above to the head, then parry with the long edge, and hew a free over hew to his head from the parry.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you ride to his left side, lie your sword onto your left arm in the guard. If he then hews in above to the head, then parry with the long edge, and hew a free over hew to his head from the parry.</p>
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson: If it is the case that someone has won your back, or otherwise comes to you behind, whether it was with a spear or with a sword, then note, if he wants to plant to your right side behind, then turn yourself away from the stab onto your left, or if he plants behind to your left side, then turn yourself away from the stab against him onto your right side, and ride with it to him and work with the sword or with the wrestling.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson: If it is the case that someone has won your back, or otherwise comes to you behind, whether it was with a spear or with a sword, then note, if he wants to plant to your right side behind, then turn yourself away from the stab onto your left, or if he plants behind to your left side, then turn yourself away from the stab against him onto your right side, and ride with it to him and work with the sword or with the wrestling.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 24th figure teaches this,}} which says “If one hunts you from<ref>Other one says "too".</ref> both sides, turn around left so he comes right.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 24th figure teaches this,}} which says “If one hunts you from<ref>Other one says "too".</ref> both sides, turn around left so he comes right.”</p>
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<p>Note, when you hunt away before him, and have a lance, and he also has one, if he then hunts after you, then hold your lance on your right shoulder, and note when he almost comes to you behind, then raise your lance over the head onto your left shoulder, and turn yourself against him onto your left side, and strike his lance with it under your arm. Therefore you come to him with it turned under eyes.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you hunt away before him, and have a lance, and he also has one, if he then hunts after you, then hold your lance on your right shoulder, and note when he almost comes to you behind, then raise your lance over the head onto your left shoulder, and turn yourself against him onto your left side, and strike his lance with it under your arm. Therefore you come to him with it turned under eyes.</p>
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<p>Or, if he rides to your right side, then sweep up simply with the sword to his lance to his right side, and rise into the upper hanging, and plant to him in the face.</p>
 
<p>Or, if he rides to your right side, then sweep up simply with the sword to his lance to his right side, and rise into the upper hanging, and plant to him in the face.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 048v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049r.jpg|1|lbl=49r|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 048v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049r.jpg|1|lbl=49r|p=1}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure<ref>Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)</ref> teaches this,}} which says “Think about the knife taking and keeping, etc.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure<ref>Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)</ref> teaches this,}} which says “Think about the knife taking and keeping, etc.”</p>
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<p>Or, if you don’t want to throw him, when you have jolted his arm in front of you, grab his right elbow with the left hand, and shove from you with it, and grab his sword’s pommel with the right, and jolt it to you, so you take his sword.</p>
 
<p>Or, if you don’t want to throw him, when you have jolted his arm in front of you, grab his right elbow with the left hand, and shove from you with it, and grab his sword’s pommel with the right, and jolt it to you, so you take his sword.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-third figure teaches this,}} which says “The unnamed hold, takes weapons or falls him.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-third figure teaches this,}} which says “The unnamed hold, takes weapons or falls him.”</p>
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<p>Gloss: Note, the “sun showing” is a good wrestle on horseback, which you may drive to all sides when you come near to the man. {{red|b=1|Note, drive it as follows:}} When you ride together with him and want to wrestle, hold yourself near to him. If you then come with your right side at his, then move with the left hand behind around him, and grab his left arm with it, and pull him firmly to you with it, and with the right hand, move below to the jawbone, and shove his face upwards with it to the mountain against the sun, so he winds, then swings, and falls in front of you. Or, and if you come with the left side to his right, then grasp him as before, and throw him behind you.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, the “sun showing” is a good wrestle on horseback, which you may drive to all sides when you come near to the man. {{red|b=1|Note, drive it as follows:}} When you ride together with him and want to wrestle, hold yourself near to him. If you then come with your right side at his, then move with the left hand behind around him, and grab his left arm with it, and pull him firmly to you with it, and with the right hand, move below to the jawbone, and shove his face upwards with it to the mountain against the sun, so he winds, then swings, and falls in front of you. Or, and if you come with the left side to his right, then grasp him as before, and throw him behind you.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure teaches this,}} which says “Nearby, catch the hand, invert his face, there is the nape.”</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure teaches this,}} which says “Nearby, catch the hand, invert his face, there is the nape.”</p>
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| {{red|Press arms to head<br/>&emsp;The hold often robs saddle}}
 
| {{red|Press arms to head<br/>&emsp;The hold often robs saddle}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Note, drive the break as follows: When he comes with his right side to yours, and falls to you with the right hand below to the jawbone, and wants to shove you from him as such, strike your right arm over his right, and press it to your chest, and ride forward, so it is broken.</p>
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<p>Gloss: Note, drive the break as follows: When he comes with his right side to yours, and falls to you with the right hand below to the jawbone, and wants to shove you from him as such, strike your right arm over his right, and press it to your chest, and ride forward, so it is broken. Or, break it with the sheep hold, and how you shall press his arm to head, you find that written before in the brushing.<ref>Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea</ref></p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
<p>Or, break it with the sheep hold, and how you shall press his arm to head, you find that written before in the brushing.<ref>Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea</ref></p>
 
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is a secret wrestle on horseback, and has no name like the other wrestles have, so that one shall not allow to come to the light, nor allow anyone to see. {{red|b=1|Note, drive it as follows}} When you ride together with him, assess that you come with your left side to his right, and grab his right hand with your right hand, and jolt it in front of you, and with the left hand, grab his right elbow, and shove it upwards, and bend his right arm quite well above over your left with the right hand, and raise upwards with the left arm. Therefore he is caught without any bind, and [you] may therefore lead him wherever you want, or break the arm.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is a secret wrestle on horseback, and has no name like the other wrestles have, so that one shall not allow to come to the light, nor allow anyone to see. {{red|b=1|Note, drive it as follows}} When you ride together with him, assess that you come with your left side to his right, and grab his right hand with your right hand, and jolt it in front of you, and with the left hand, grab his right elbow, and shove it upwards, and bend his right arm quite well above over your left with the right hand, and raise upwards with the left arm. Therefore he is caught without any bind, and [you] may therefore lead him wherever you want, or break the arm.</p>
 
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Revision as of 03:05, 12 January 2020

Gloss and Interpretation of the Recital
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund ain Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into at least three branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more plays overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer plays overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling plays from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

Branch C is first attested in the Vienna version (1480s). It is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique plays of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A (though not identical). The other substantial copy of Branch C is the Augsburg version II (1553), which was created by Paulus Hector Mair based on the writings of Antonius Rast, and which segues into the text of Ringeck's gloss for the final eighteen paragraphs. A substantial fragment of Branch C is present in five additional 16th century manuscripts alongside the illustrated treatise of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter; one of these, Glasgow II (1533) assigns the text a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489. This branch has received the least attention and is currently the least understood.

Treatise

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here and branch C is now on the Nicolaüs page.

Temp

Temp

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. Literally "from crossed arms".
  10. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  11. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  12. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  13. K. "The Following Technique".
  14. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  16. Letter erased and overwritten.
  17. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  18. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  19. K. "with both hands".
  20. 20.0 20.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  21. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  22. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  23. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  24. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  25. let your lance sink down in front
  26. bridle?
  27. A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg.
  28. zu hilff - to help
  29. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  30. eysenhuet - iron hat
  31. move him? move to him?
  32. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  33. Other one says "too".
  34. Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)
  35. Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea
  36. This quatrain is a mess
  37. Make a note, "zu dem schuß," literally "to the shot"
  38. Glasgow version adds "him"
  39. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  40. G. "students".
  41. Nota is written in the margin in a different hand, with a line pointing to kainen.
  42. Wie hienach conterfct[?] written below in a different hand.
  43. Corrected from »sein«.
  44. Corrected from »seinem«.
  45. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  46. And you shall... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  47. G. "work to the openings".
  48. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  49. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  50. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  51. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  52. Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."
  53. I don't get this or the following one.
  54. Corrected from »dam«.
  55. Corrected from »dem«.
  56. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  57. It is "er" in the text because "ee wenn" is a conjunction, so it resets the case. It wouldn't do that in english I think, or I'm just an idiot.
  58. Corrected from »mit«.