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Difference between revisions of "Peter Falkner"

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Practice Knighthood and learn Art that decorates you<br/>
 
Practice Knighthood and learn Art that decorates you<br/>
 
In war joining them in honor.
 
In war joining them in honor.
| <poem>'''[1v]''' Jungk Ritter Lern gott lieb haben / und frawen
+
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 01v.jpg|1|lbl=01v}}
In eren / Vnnd red den leytten wol
 
Biß manlich wã man sol So wechst dein er
 
vber ritterschaft Vnd lern kunst die dich
 
ziert In krieg zu eren hoffiert</poem>
 
 
<section begin="Hauptstücke"/>
 
<section begin="Hauptstücke"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 86: Line 82:
 
That we Masters exalt<br/>
 
That we Masters exalt<br/>
 
To be of worth in the Arts
 
To be of worth in the Arts
| <poem>Sechs hew lern
+
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 01v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Von derrechten hand gern
 
Wider die were
 
Die wir maister geloben
 
In künsten zelonenn</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 101: Line 93:
 
Squinting Cut<ref>Or Canted, Slanted, Difficult to See</ref><br/>
 
Squinting Cut<ref>Or Canted, Slanted, Difficult to See</ref><br/>
 
Parting Cut<ref>Or Vertex, Scalper</ref>
 
Parting Cut<ref>Or Vertex, Scalper</ref>
| <poem>Oberhaw
+
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 01v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Zornhaw
 
Krumpphaw
 
Zwirchhaw
 
Schilherhaw
 
Schaittelhaw</poem>
 
 
<section end="Hauptstücke"/>
 
<section end="Hauptstücke"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 112: Line 99:
 
|  
 
|  
 
Note what I say to you<br/>
 
Note what I say to you<br/>
Strike a high cut from the right.<ref>Ambiguous “from the right”, “properly” or “directly”]</ref><br/>
+
Strike a high cut from the right.<ref>Ambiguous “from the right”, “properly” or “directly”</ref><br/>
 
And left against right<br/>
 
And left against right<br/>
 
Is how you shall fence strongly,<br/>
 
Is how you shall fence strongly,<br/>
 
So you may hang therein<br/>
 
So you may hang therein<br/>
 
And bring to thrusting.
 
And bring to thrusting.
| <poem>'''[2r]''' Merck was ich dir sag /
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|02r|jpg}}
Ain oberhaw recht schlag /
 
Vnnd lingk gegen rechtem /
 
Starck soltu Fechten
 
Auch magstu dar Inen hengen
 
<sup>vnd </sup>Zu stichen pringe~</poem>
 
 
<section begin="Zornhaw"/>
 
<section begin="Zornhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 131: Line 113:
 
From both sides,<br/>
 
From both sides,<br/>
 
Standing still or with stepping.
 
Standing still or with stepping.
| <poem>'''[2v]''' Den zornnhaw trib mit sterck
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|02v|jpg}}
Hinder rugk das eben merck
 
Von baiden seidten
 
Stilsteen oder mit schreytten</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 145: Line 124:
 
Cut, thrust, note<br/>
 
Cut, thrust, note<br/>
 
Soft or hard in the bind.
 
Soft or hard in the bind.
| <poem>'''[3r]''' In zornnortt thu° recht winden
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|03r|jpg}}
Wilt Im das antlit ploß finden
 
Wirt er sein gewar
 
So nym es oben ab onefar /
 
Haw stich merck
 
Im b<sup>a</sup>nd waich od~ hert</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 161: Line 135:
 
In all winding<br/>
 
In all winding<br/>
 
Learn to discover the cut and thrust.
 
Learn to discover the cut and thrust.
| <poem>'''[3v]''' Indes vor vnnd nach
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|03v|jpg}}
An hurtten<sup> krieg </sup>sej dir nit gach
 
Wer sich des kriegs remet
 
Oben niden wirt er beschemet
 
In allem winden /
 
haw stich sich lertt finden</poem>
 
 
<section end="Zornhaw"/><section begin="Blossen"/>
 
<section end="Zornhaw"/><section begin="Blossen"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 177: Line 146:
 
I say to you truthfully,<br/>
 
I say to you truthfully,<br/>
 
No one protects themselves without danger.
 
No one protects themselves without danger.
| <poem>'''[4r]''' Vier bleß lern schlahen vnd prechen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|04r|jpg}}
Wiltu dich rechen
 
Obnan doppellirn /
 
vnd vndan recht mutirn
 
Ich sag für war
 
Sich schutzt kain man onefar</poem>
 
 
<section end="Blossen"/><section begin="Krumphaw"/>
 
<section end="Blossen"/><section begin="Krumphaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 193: Line 157:
 
When it clashes above,<br/>
 
When it clashes above,<br/>
 
Then descend, that I will praise.
 
Then descend, that I will praise.
| <poem>'''[4v]''' Krumpp auff behend /
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|04v|jpg}}
wirff den ort auf die hend
 
Wer wol versetzet /
 
mit schreiten er vil hew letzt
 
Wann es gleist oben
 
So stand ab das wil ich loben</poem>
 
 
<section end="Krumphaw"/><section begin="Twerhaw"/>
 
<section end="Krumphaw"/><section begin="Twerhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 207: Line 166:
 
And with the strong<br/>
 
And with the strong<br/>
 
Thereby note your work.
 
Thereby note your work.
| <poem>'''[5r]''' Die zwirch benympt
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|05r|jpg}}
was vonn oben darkompt /
 
Oder mit der sterck /
 
Dein arbait damit merck</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 219: Line 175:
 
Therein rise high then down<br/>
 
Therein rise high then down<br/>
 
Come against from both sides.
 
Come against from both sides.
| <poem>'''[5v]''' Die zwirch zu dem pflug
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|05v|jpg}}
Zu dem ochssen hart fug
 
Dar Inn gang hoch auf und nÿder
 
Von baiden seydten kump hinwider</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 231: Line 184:
 
Strike him to both ears<br/>
 
Strike him to both ears<br/>
 
Thus you make a right fool out of him.
 
Thus you make a right fool out of him.
| <poem>'''[6r]''' Die zwirch mit springen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|06r|jpg}}
Zu dem haubt laß dir gelingen
 
Schlach Im zu° baiden oren
 
So magst auß Im ain rechten doren</poem>
 
 
<section end="Twerhaw"/><section begin="Fehler"/>
 
<section end="Twerhaw"/><section begin="Fehler"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 243: Line 193:
 
Invert it a little<br/>
 
Invert it a little<br/>
 
Rush in and wrestle.
 
Rush in and wrestle.
| <poem>'''[6v]''' Wellicher ain feler recht füret
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|06v|jpg}}
Nach wunsch errüret
 
Verker die wing
 
Durch lauff damit ring</poem>
 
 
<section end="Fehler"/><section begin="Schilhaw"/>
 
<section end="Fehler"/><section begin="Schilhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 255: Line 202:
 
Squinting cut toward the point<br/>
 
Squinting cut toward the point<br/>
 
Take the neck without fear.
 
Take the neck without fear.
| <poem>'''[7r]''' Schilher pricht
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|07r|jpg}}
Was biffel schlecht vnd sticht
 
Schilh zu dem ort
 
Nym den hals one forcht</poem>
 
 
<section end="Schilhaw"/><section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
<section end="Schilhaw"/><section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 269: Line 213:
 
Make four blows<br/>
 
Make four blows<br/>
 
from both sides.
 
from both sides.
| <poem>'''[7v]''' Der schaittler
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|07v|jpg}}
ist dem haupt gefer
 
Den haw vndan
 
durch mit dreyen driten
 
Vier straich
 
mach von baiden seydten</poem>
 
 
<section end="Scheitelhaw"/><section begin="Leger"/><section begin="Vorsetzen"/>
 
<section end="Scheitelhaw"/><section begin="Leger"/><section begin="Vorsetzen"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 283: Line 222:
 
Four are the oppositions<ref>Versetzen - parrying</ref><br/>
 
Four are the oppositions<ref>Versetzen - parrying</ref><br/>
 
That surely ruin the four positions.
 
That surely ruin the four positions.
| <poem>'''[8r]''' Vier leger allain
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|08r|jpg}}
Dauon halt vnd fluich die gemain
 
Vier sind der versetzen
 
Die / die vier leger ser letzen</poem>
 
 
<section begin="Leger"/><section end="Vorsetzen"/>
 
<section begin="Leger"/><section end="Vorsetzen"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 295: Line 231:
 
Thrust to the breast,<br/>
 
Thrust to the breast,<br/>
 
So that it gives you joy.
 
So that it gives you joy.
| <poem>'''[8v]''' Nachraisen lere
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|08v|jpg}}
Haw stich zwifach <del>Id</del> / damit sere
 
Stich zu der prust /
 
So gibt es dir lust /</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 307: Line 240:
 
If you wish to wrestle or press,<br/>
 
If you wish to wrestle or press,<br/>
 
You must pull from the defense.
 
You must pull from the defense.
| <poem>'''[9r]''' Im vberlauffen /
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|09r|jpg}}
Wind vnd erhöch den knauffen
 
Wiltu ringen oder drucken
 
Die wer soltu zucken /</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 319: Line 249:
 
If he approaches high or low,<br/>
 
If he approaches high or low,<br/>
 
The straight point injures him.
 
The straight point injures him.
| <poem>'''[9v]''' Du solt ansetzen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|09v|jpg}}
An vier enden In letzen
 
Er kum oben oder vndan
 
Ortt geratt ist In verwunden</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 331: Line 258:
 
Note the art and learn<br/>
 
Note the art and learn<br/>
 
To cut surely from both sides.
 
To cut surely from both sides.
| <poem>'''[10r]''' Ob er starck ist
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|10r|jpg}}
Durch lauff zu aller frist
 
Merck die art vnd ler
 
von baiden seÿdten haw ser</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 343: Line 267:
 
Learn to wind; cut thrust, slice<br/>
 
Learn to wind; cut thrust, slice<br/>
 
From the four ends.
 
From the four ends.
| <poem>'''[10v]''' Absetzen lere /
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|10v|jpg}}
haw stich künstlich were
 
Von vier enden /
 
Haw stich schnidt ler wenden</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 355: Line 276:
 
Slice against the hard<br/>
 
Slice against the hard<br/>
 
From below in both assaults.
 
From below in both assaults.
| <poem>'''[11r]''' Vier sind der schnidt
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|11r|jpg}}
Zwen oben zwen vnden / mit
 
Schneidt wider die hertt
 
Von vndan In baiden gefertt</poem>
 
 
<section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
<section begin="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 367: Line 285:
 
If he wishes to struggle upon it,<br/>
 
If he wishes to struggle upon it,<br/>
 
Guide the pommel or point to his face.
 
Guide the pommel or point to his face.
| <poem>'''[11v]''' Schneid wider die kron
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|11v|jpg}}
Von vndan von oban prichstu si schon
 
Will er an sich reissen
 
Den knopff oder ortt In das gesicht weisen</poem>
 
 
<section end="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
<section end="Scheitelhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 379: Line 294:
 
Step close to the bind<br/>
 
Step close to the bind<br/>
 
The pulling provides good opportunities.
 
The pulling provides good opportunities.
| <poem>'''[12r]''' Zucken vnnd dreffen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|12r|jpg}}
Den Maister wiltu effen
 
Dridt nachend zu dem binden
 
Das zucken geit gutt finden</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 391: Line 303:
 
Mark what I say,<br/>
 
Mark what I say,<br/>
 
Strike so that it snaps to him.
 
Strike so that it snaps to him.
| <poem>'''[12v]''' Sprechfenster mach
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|12v|jpg}}
Stand frölich besich sein sach
 
Merck was ich sag
 
Schlag zu Im das es schnab</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 403: Line 312:
 
Conclude with pressing so that he curses you<br/>
 
Conclude with pressing so that he curses you<br/>
 
and you make him squirm.
 
and you make him squirm.
| <poem>'''[13r]''' Lingk ler arm beschliessen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|13r|jpg}}
Halt In vast zu°uerdriessen
 
Beschlossen so er dich hatt
 
Mitt drucken machstu In madt</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 415: Line 321:
 
If he allows his hand to travel,<br/>
 
If he allows his hand to travel,<br/>
 
Press firmly against his ear.
 
Press firmly against his ear.
| <poem>'''[13v]''' Will er sich rechen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|13v|jpg}}
Im fechten einprechen
 
Last er die hand faren
 
Druck fast gegen den oren</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 426: Line 329:
 
Turn around against the back.<br/>
 
Turn around against the back.<br/>
 
Thrust through both legs deftly.
 
Thrust through both legs deftly.
| <poem>'''[14r]''' Lingk vberfar
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|14r|jpg}}
Rugk gegen bauch wend
 
Durch baide pain stich behend</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 437: Line 338:
 
Break through him,<br/>
 
Break through him,<br/>
 
Press against his neck if you wish yourself vengeance.
 
Press against his neck if you wish yourself vengeance.
| <poem>'''[14v]''' Das Sonnen zaigen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|14v|jpg}}
Mit dem swert wilt Im naigen
 
Im einprechen
 
Druck gegen nack wiltu dich rechen</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 449: Line 347:
 
Impale half-sworded the throat or chest<br/>
 
Impale half-sworded the throat or chest<br/>
 
It brings you joy.
 
It brings you joy.
| <poem>'''[15r]''' Will er dir nahen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|15r|jpg}}
Die recht mit ling ler fahen
 
Setz an die kel oder prust
 
Gewappnet es gibt dir lust</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 461: Line 356:
 
You should slide with the cross<br/>
 
You should slide with the cross<br/>
 
With both hands above you.
 
With both hands above you.
| <poem>'''[15v]''' Wiltu In beschemen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|15v|jpg}}
Das swert bj dem kiltz nemen
 
Mitt dem kreitz soltu schieben
 
Mitt baiden henden dich üben</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 473: Line 365:
 
You must also wrap the arm<br/>
 
You must also wrap the arm<br/>
 
While being able to guide them.
 
While being able to guide them.
| <poem>'''[16r]''' Auswendig vber durch stechen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|16r|jpg}}
Gewappnet ler<sup> wer </sup>ansprechen
 
Auch magstu arm beschliessen
 
Will glick des kanst gewÿessenn</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 485: Line 374:
 
You should slide yourself back over<br/>
 
You should slide yourself back over<br/>
 
above during the clash.
 
above during the clash.
| <poem>'''[16v]''' Ligt er Indem hangenden ortt
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|16v|jpg}}
Nym das swert one forchtt
 
Mitt dem kiltz soltu schieben
 
Vber rugk dich vben</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 497: Line 383:
 
Work quickly with a level head<br/>
 
Work quickly with a level head<br/>
 
So he can hardly come to work.
 
So he can hardly come to work.
| <poem>'''[17r]''' Wiltu dich vberlafens masen
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|17r|jpg}}
Hals fach vberbain ler stossen
 
Arbait schnel biß besumen [!]
 
Zu stucken mag er hart komen</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 509: Line 392:
 
If you wish to wrestle firmly,<br/>
 
If you wish to wrestle firmly,<br/>
 
Allow your sword to fall aside.
 
Allow your sword to fall aside.
| <poem>'''[17v]''' Die regel merck /
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|17v|jpg}}
greiff In an mit sterck /
 
Wiltu fast ringen
 
Dein swert lass von dir springen</poem>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 531: Line 411:
 
With nothing more than soft or hard.<br/>
 
With nothing more than soft or hard.<br/>
 
Here ends Master Peter Falkner’s Art with the long sword.
 
Here ends Master Peter Falkner’s Art with the long sword.
| <poem>'''[18r] Das ist die beschliessung der gantzen kunst'''
+
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|18r|jpg}}
Wer wol sicht
 
vnnd entlichen prichtt
 
Das best entlichen
 
In drey finden
 
Wer recht wol henget
 
vnd winden damit pringet /
 
Wart mit rechtem leger betragt /
 
Vnd ir ein der winden acht
 
Winden
 
sind zu baiden seÿdten
 
Vnnd brief die gefert
 
nichtmer waich oder hert
 
Hie enndet Maister Peter Falkners kunst mit dem langen swertt </poem>
 
  
 
|}
 
|}
Line 609: Line 476:
 
| <poem>'''[20v]''' Den wecker treib mit seim gefert  
 
| <poem>'''[20v]''' Den wecker treib mit seim gefert  
 
Biß manlich starck und hertt  
 
Biß manlich starck und hertt  
Der <del style="color:#A40000;"><span style="color:#000000;">[illegible]</span></del> swech nÿm war  
+
Der {{delr|[illegible]}} swech nÿm war  
 
Den hals nÿm onefar</poem>
 
Den hals nÿm onefar</poem>
  
Line 692: Line 559:
 
| [[File:MS KK5012 26r.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_26r.jpg]]
 
| [[File:MS KK5012 26r.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_26r.jpg]]
 
|  
 
|  
| <poem>'''[26r]''' <del style="color:#A40000;"><span style="color:#000000;">Entrist In vberlauff
+
| <poem>'''[26r]''' {{delr|Entrist In vberlauff}}
Wind vnd erh</span></del>
+
{{delr|Wind vnd erh}}
 
Vberlauff die vnderram  
 
Vberlauff die vnderram  
 
Sterck vnd In bescham  
 
Sterck vnd In bescham  
Line 819: Line 686:
 
Halt In vast zuuerdriessen  
 
Halt In vast zuuerdriessen  
 
Beschlossen So er dich hatt  
 
Beschlossen So er dich hatt  
Mitt drucken So er dich macht <del>macht</del> madt /</poem>
+
Mitt drucken So er dich macht {{dec|s|macht}} madt /</poem>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,114: Line 981:
 
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | [No image]
 
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | [No image]
 
|  
 
|  
| '''[58r]''' Merck was ich meld ÿnn <del style="color:#A40000;"><span style="color:#000000;">büden</span></del> [?] <del style="color:#A40000;"><span style="color:#000000;">b</span></del> Der stangen bÿß <del style="color:#A40000;"><span style="color:#000000;">uff heben biß</span></del> schnel winden <del style="color:#A40000;"><span style="color:#000000;">den</span></del> vnd uff heben fechten vnd nÿder legen ab stürczen vergiss nit fünff hew mach mit über fallen vnd auß winden haw stich sich auch lertt finden das ist der text her nach folgett
+
| '''[58r]''' Merck was ich meld ÿnn {{delr|büden [?] b}} Der stangen bÿß {{delr|uff heben biß}} schnel winden {{delr|den}} vnd uff heben fechten vnd nÿder legen ab stürczen vergiss nit fünff hew mach mit über fallen vnd auß winden haw stich sich auch lertt finden das ist der text her nach folgett
  
 
|-  
 
|-  

Revision as of 17:16, 30 April 2014

Peter Falkner
Born ca. 1460s
Died after 1506
Occupation Fencing master
Citizenship Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Movement Marxbrüder
Influences
Influenced Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (?)
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Kunste Zu Ritterlicher Were
Manuscript(s) MS KK5012 (1495)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2011
Translations Deutsch-Übersetzung

Peter Falkner (Peter Faulkner, Petter Falckner) was a 15th century German Master of the Longsword. He seems to have been a resident of Frankfurt am Main, and he was certified as a master by the Marxbrüder some time before 1491.[1] Falkner was a witness of record to the guild's biannual treasury accounting in 1496, a task he performed again in 1506.[1] In 1502, he was elected as Captain (Hauptman) of the guild, and he seems to have served an unusual three consecutive terms.[1][2]

In ca. 1495,[3] he produced a manuscript fencing manual, Kunste Zu Ritterlicher Were (MS KK5012), the earliest such text produced by a member of the brotherhood (with the potential exception of Hans Talhoffer, whose membership is uncertain). Falkner's work resembles to some extent the earlier treatises of Paulus Kal, which may have been his inspiration, and his writings may in turn have influenced Jörg Wilhalm Hutter[citation needed] and the anonymous author of the MS CL23842.[4]

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Anonymous. "Ordnung und Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft Unserer Lieben Frau und Sankt Markus zu Frankfurt 1491 - 1566" (in Early New High German). Untitled [manuscript]. Comp. Paulus Hector Mair. Codex I.6.2º.5. Augsburg, Germany: Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg, 1566.
  2. The Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft lists him as Captain in 1502 and 1504, and does not mention a new Captain until 1508. There is no indication of who held the office during the 1506-1507 term, so Falkner may possibly have continued during that time.
  3. Tobler, Christian Henry. In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. p 11
  4. Based on the caption "Here begin Peter's devices: the sword-taking with counters and grappling. This is painted according to the Record, or according to the Running Through [rather than] the Record." (Hie hebendt peters stuck an: die swert nemen mit pruchen und ringen. Lasz ab malen nach deme zetel oder nach dem durchlauffen…[illegible] zettel) on f 47r. Compare with the device on f 15r of Falkner's work.
  5. Or Curved
  6. Or Thwart, Barrier
  7. Or Canted, Slanted, Difficult to See
  8. Or Vertex, Scalper
  9. Ambiguous “from the right”, “properly” or “directly”
  10. Indes - Both within and during
  11. Ambiguous “to the right”, “properly” or “directly”
  12. Leger - guards
  13. Versetzen - parrying
  14. Überlaufen has the connotations: to overwhelm, overflow, bypass, stride across.
  15. Überlaufen has the connotations: to overwhelm, overflow, bypass, stride across. It is used as a noun here.
  16. Das »g« könnte auch ein »h« sein.