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'''Peter Falkner''' (Peter Faulkner, Petter Falckner) was a [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master|Master of the Longsword]]. He seems to have been a resident of Frankfurt am Main, and he was certified as a master by the [[Marxbrüder]] some time before 1491.<ref name="Medel">Anonymous. "Ordnung und Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft Unserer Lieben Frau und Sankt Markus zu Frankfurt 1491 - 1566" (in [[Early New High German]]). Untitled [manuscript]. Comp. [[Paulus Hector Mair]]. [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Codex I.6.2º.5]]. Augsburg, Germany: [[Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg]], 1566.</ref> Falkner was a witness of record to the guild's biannual treasury accounting in 1496, a task he performed again in 1506.<ref name="Medel"/> In 1502, he was elected as Captain (''Hauptman'') of the guild, and he seems to have served an unusual three consecutive terms.<ref name="Medel"/><ref>The ''Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft'' lists him as Captain in 1502 and 1504, and does not mention a new Captain until 1508. There is no indication of who held the office during the 1506-1507 term, so Falkner may possibly have continued during that time.</ref>
+
'''Peter Falkner''' (Peter Faulkner, Petter Falckner) was a [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. His early life is uncertain, but he was certified as a Master of the Long Sword by the [[Marxbrüder]] in Frankfurt-am-Main some time before 1491.<ref name="Medel">Anonymous. "Ordnung und Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft Unserer Lieben Frau und Sankt Markus zu Frankfurt 1491 - 1566" (in [[Early New High German]]). Untitled [manuscript]. Comp. [[Paulus Hector Mair]]. [[Hans Medel Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.5)|Codex I.6.2º.5]]. Augsburg, Germany: [[Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg]], 1566.</ref> Falkner was a witness of record to the guild's biannual treasury accounting in 1496, a task he performed again in 1506.<ref name="Medel"/> In 1502, he was elected as Captain (''Hauptman'') of the guild, and he seems to have served an unusual three consecutive terms.<ref name="Medel"/><ref>The ''Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft'' lists him as Captain in 1502 and 1504, and does not mention a new Captain until 1508. There is no indication of who held the office during the 1506-1507 term, so Falkner may possibly have continued during that time.</ref>
  
In ca. 1495,<ref>[[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010. p 11</ref> he produced a manuscript [[fencing manual]], ''Kunste Zu Ritterlicher Were'' ([[Kunste Zu Ritterlicher Were (MS KK5012)|MS KK5012]]), the earliest such text produced by a member of the brotherhood (with the potential exception of [[Hans Talhoffer]], whose membership is uncertain). Falkner's artwork resembles to some extent the earlier treatises of [[Paulus Kal]], which may have been his inspiration, and his writings may in turn have influenced [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter]] and the anonymous author of the [[Cluny Fechtbuch (Cl. 23842)|MS Cl. 23842]].<ref>Based on the caption "Here begin Peter's devices: the sword-taking with counters and grappling. This is painted according to the Record, or according to the Running Through [rather than] the Record." (''Hie hebendt peters stuck an: die swert nemen mit pruchen und ringen. Lasz ab malen nach deme zetel oder nach dem durchlauffen…[illegible] zettel'') on [[:File:CL23842 47r.jpg|f 47r]]. Compare with the device on [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_15r.jpg f 15r] of Falkner's work.</ref> The text of the sword section is based on Liechtenauer's Recital, and the text of the messer on that of [[Johannes Lecküchner]], but in both cases with considerable alteration and elaboration by Falkner. (The other sections seem to be entirely original.)
+
In the 1490s, Falkner seems to have produced at least two manuscript fencing manuals (becoming the first member of the Brotherhood of Saint Mark to do so, unless [[Hans Talhoffer]] were also a member). Sadly, only the shorter of the two manuscripts, ''Kunste Zu Ritterlicher Were'' ([[Kunste Zu Ritterlicher Were (MS KK5012)|MS KK5012]]),<ref>[[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010. p 11</ref> survives. This fully-illustrated manuscript includes a sword section is based on Liechtenauer's Recital and a messer section based on that of [[Johannes Lecküchner]] (though in both cases with considerable alteration and elaboration by Falkner, and several short sections on other weapons which appear to be entirely original.
 +
 
 +
The longer of the two manuscripts, known as the [[Falkner Turnierbuch]], seems to have been destroyed by Prussian bombardment during the Siege of Strasbourg in 1870. What little we know about its contents comes from records made before this time, which seem to indicate a manuscript of at least 111 folia containing an anthology of treatises by other masters of the Liechtenauer tradition, as well as a few works of unknown origin. There is also a possible third Falkner manuscript, the apparently-anonymous [[Cluny Fechtbuch (Cl. 23842)|MS Cl. 23842]], whose illustrations bear a strong resemblance to the artwork in KK5012 and which seems to even directly allude to it.<ref>Based on the caption "Here begin Peter's devices: the sword-taking with counters and grappling. This is painted according to the Record, or according to the Running Through [rather than] the Record." (''Hie hebendt peters stuck an: die swert nemen mit pruchen und ringen. Lasz ab malen nach deme zetel oder nach dem durchlauffen…[illegible] zettel'') on [[:File:CL23842 47r.jpg|f 47r]]. Compare with the device on [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_15r.jpg f 15r] of Falkner's work.</ref>  
 +
 
 +
Falkner's artwork resembles to some extent the earlier treatises of [[Paulus Kal]], which may have been his inspiration, and his art seem in turn to have influenced [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter]] (especially if he created Cl. 23842).
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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}}
 
}}
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Images<br/></p>
 
! <p>Images<br/></p>
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|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
Here ends Master Peter Falkner’s Art with the long sword.
 
Here ends Master Peter Falkner’s Art with the long sword.
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 18r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 18r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
| title = Messer
+
| title = Messer
| width = 90em
+
| width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Kris Micozzi]]</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Kristopher Micozzi]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
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| [[File:MS KK5012 29v.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_29v.jpg]]
 
| [[File:MS KK5012 29v.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_29v.jpg]]
 
|  
 
|  
Here is some advice:<br/>
+
Whoever may turn the wheel:<br/>
The Failer can do it twice.
+
The changer makes it twofold.
 
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|29v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|29v|jpg}}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS KK5012 31r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_31r.jpg]]
 
| [[File:MS KK5012 31r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_31r.jpg]]
| When he is strong above,<br/>
+
|  
 +
When he is strong above,<br/>
 
always run through.<br/>
 
always run through.<br/>
 
Draw the hand and the arm closely,<br/>
 
Draw the hand and the arm closely,<br/>
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|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS KK5012 43v.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_43v.jpg]]
+
| class="noline" rowspan="2" | [[File:MS KK5012 43v.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_43v.jpg]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
Block his sight—<br/>
 
Block his sight—<br/>
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|-  
 
|-  
| and with that the art of Peter Falkner’s messer ends.
+
| class="noline" |
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 43v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
and with that the art of Peter Falkner’s messer ends.
 +
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 43v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
| title = Dagger
+
| title = Dagger
| width = 90em
+
| width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS KK5012 56r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_56r.jpg]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS KK5012 56r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_56r.jpg]]
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
Item, another piece. If you have a dagger and he has one too, when he thrusts at you, so displace him the thrust and take him the dagger. Then, he waits after your thrust and he would also like to take yours, so make a feint thrust and throw him on the ground and fall him on his body. Then he hit you with a foot around the neck, so raise the other firmly and work him to the face with the dagger. That is good.  
 
Item, another piece. If you have a dagger and he has one too, when he thrusts at you, so displace him the thrust and take him the dagger. Then, he waits after your thrust and he would also like to take yours, so make a feint thrust and throw him on the ground and fall him on his body. Then he hit you with a foot around the neck, so raise the other firmly and work him to the face with the dagger. That is good.  
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|56r|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|56r|jpg}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
| title = Staff
+
| title = Staff
| width = 90em
+
| width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS KK5012 61r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_61r.jpg]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS KK5012 61r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_61r.jpg]]
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
Mark this is an especially good technique in the staff and is called the running under. When you have a staff and if he then strikes to you, to the leg or body, then run off with your back point on your right side from below after the strike, and fall with the left arm high over his breast, and with the left foot behind his, then you throw him down.
 
Mark this is an especially good technique in the staff and is called the running under. When you have a staff and if he then strikes to you, to the leg or body, then run off with your back point on your right side from below after the strike, and fall with the left arm high over his breast, and with the left foot behind his, then you throw him down.
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|61r|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|61r|jpg}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
| title = Poleax
+
| title = Poleax
| width = 90em
+
| width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS KK5012 65r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_65r.jpg]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS KK5012 65r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_65r.jpg]]
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
Note, this is one of the very best pieces with the Halberd: If you both stand and neither of you wants to strike the first blow, prepare an enormous stroke. If he then goes with the displacement, twitch the stroke, and push him to the body or to the face. This he cannot counter well, and it is effective.
 
Note, this is one of the very best pieces with the Halberd: If you both stand and neither of you wants to strike the first blow, prepare an enormous stroke. If he then goes with the displacement, twitch the stroke, and push him to the body or to the face. This he cannot counter well, and it is effective.
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|65r|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|65r|jpg}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
| title = Longshield
+
| title = Longshield
| width = 90em
+
| width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS KK5012 67r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_67r.jpg]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS KK5012 67r.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_67r.jpg]]
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
If you want to end the combat and you both have in the hand, so you must present him a thrust, let yourself to be gained merrily. Then, he displaces the thrust and takes [your] balance by the elbow. Take [it] back and neutralize him as you well know.
 
If you want to end the combat and you both have in the hand, so you must present him a thrust, let yourself to be gained merrily. Then, he displaces the thrust and takes [your] balance by the elbow. Take [it] back and neutralize him as you well know.
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|67r|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|67r|jpg}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
| title = Mounted Fencing
+
| title = Mounted Fencing
| width = 90em
+
| width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated master"
+
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>Images</p>
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|  
 
|  
 
Here begins the equestrian art of master Peter Falkner. At first with the lance, afterwards with the sword and with wrestling.  
 
Here begins the equestrian art of master Peter Falkner. At first with the lance, afterwards with the sword and with wrestling.  
 +
 +
This is the text of a general lesson to equestrian [art].
 
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 67v.jpg|1|lbl=67v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 67v.jpg|1|lbl=67v}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
'''That is the text of a general lesson to equestrian [art]'''
 
 
 
This is the first guard. Position yourself with your lance under the right arm. If he canters towards you with his [lance], so let it sink forward, change through under. Thereby you meet [him] and he doesn’t.
 
This is the first guard. Position yourself with your lance under the right arm. If he canters towards you with his [lance], so let it sink forward, change through under. Thereby you meet [him] and he doesn’t.
 
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 67v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Ms. KK5012 67v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS KK5012 72v.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_72v.jpg]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS KK5012 72v.jpg|400x400px|center|link=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ms._KK5012_72v.jpg]]
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
If he has been forced down or fallen, so fall also down from the horse and work quickly in wrestling as you know well. If then he falls on the back, so trap him with a leg, with the other one on an arm and work with the sword or dagger. Hereby, he surrenders.   
 
If he has been forced down or fallen, so fall also down from the horse and work quickly in wrestling as you know well. If then he falls on the back, so trap him with a leg, with the other one on an arm and work with the sword or dagger. Hereby, he surrenders.   
| {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|72v|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Ms. KK5012|72v|jpg}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Staff Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Staff Weapons]]
 +
 +
[[Category:New format]]

Revision as of 21:51, 3 June 2020

Peter Falkner
Born ca. 1460s
Died after 1506
Occupation Fencing master
Citizenship Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Movement Marxbrüder
Influences
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Kunste Zu Ritterlicher Were
Manuscript(s) MS KK5012 (1495)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2011
Translations Deutsch-Übersetzung

Peter Falkner (Peter Faulkner, Petter Falckner) was a 15th century German fencing master. His early life is uncertain, but he was certified as a Master of the Long Sword by the Marxbrüder in Frankfurt-am-Main some time before 1491.[1] Falkner was a witness of record to the guild's biannual treasury accounting in 1496, a task he performed again in 1506.[1] In 1502, he was elected as Captain (Hauptman) of the guild, and he seems to have served an unusual three consecutive terms.[1][2]

In the 1490s, Falkner seems to have produced at least two manuscript fencing manuals (becoming the first member of the Brotherhood of Saint Mark to do so, unless Hans Talhoffer were also a member). Sadly, only the shorter of the two manuscripts, Kunste Zu Ritterlicher Were (MS KK5012),[3] survives. This fully-illustrated manuscript includes a sword section is based on Liechtenauer's Recital and a messer section based on that of Johannes Lecküchner (though in both cases with considerable alteration and elaboration by Falkner, and several short sections on other weapons which appear to be entirely original.

The longer of the two manuscripts, known as the Falkner Turnierbuch, seems to have been destroyed by Prussian bombardment during the Siege of Strasbourg in 1870. What little we know about its contents comes from records made before this time, which seem to indicate a manuscript of at least 111 folia containing an anthology of treatises by other masters of the Liechtenauer tradition, as well as a few works of unknown origin. There is also a possible third Falkner manuscript, the apparently-anonymous MS Cl. 23842, whose illustrations bear a strong resemblance to the artwork in KK5012 and which seems to even directly allude to it.[4]

Falkner's artwork resembles to some extent the earlier treatises of Paulus Kal, which may have been his inspiration, and his art seem in turn to have influenced Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (especially if he created Cl. 23842).

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Anonymous. "Ordnung und Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft Unserer Lieben Frau und Sankt Markus zu Frankfurt 1491 - 1566" (in Early New High German). Untitled [manuscript]. Comp. Paulus Hector Mair. Codex I.6.2º.5. Augsburg, Germany: Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg, 1566.
  2. The Chronik der Fechtbruderschaft lists him as Captain in 1502 and 1504, and does not mention a new Captain until 1508. There is no indication of who held the office during the 1506-1507 term, so Falkner may possibly have continued during that time.
  3. Tobler, Christian Henry. In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. p 11
  4. Based on the caption "Here begin Peter's devices: the sword-taking with counters and grappling. This is painted according to the Record, or according to the Running Through [rather than] the Record." (Hie hebendt peters stuck an: die swert nemen mit pruchen und ringen. Lasz ab malen nach deme zetel oder nach dem durchlauffen…[illegible] zettel) on f 47r. Compare with the device on f 15r of Falkner's work.
  5. alt: side
  6. alt: weapons
  7. Or Curved
  8. Or Cross, Barrier
  9. Or Canted, Slanted, Difficult to See
  10. Or Vertex, Scalper
  11. Ambiguous “from the right”, “properly” or “directly”
  12. Indes - Both within and during
  13. I changed this from the passive voice to the active, because it sounds weird. literally: "The war is not prone to you."
  14. Ambiguous “to the right”, “properly” or “directly”
  15. Leger - guards
  16. Versetzen - parrying
  17. Überlaufen has the connotations: to overwhelm, overflow, bypass, stride across.
  18. Überlaufen has the connotations: to overwhelm, overflow, bypass, stride across. It is used as a noun here.
  19. Das »g« könnte auch ein »h« sein.