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   | [[occupation::Governor]]
 
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   | [[occupation::Captain]]
 
   | [[occupation::Captain]]
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  | [[occupation::Fencing master]]
 
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| language            = [[language::Middle French]]
 
| language            = [[language::Middle French]]
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'''Pedro de Heredia''' was a [[century::17th century]] [[nationality::Spanish]] governor of a region in Belgium and a cavalry captain from 1615-1645. He wrote three manuscripts.
+
'''Pedro de Heredia''' is the presumed name of a [[fencing master]] who taught young schoolchildren and wrote three [[French]] manuscripts. The manuscripts do not contain any attributions, but a catalog description from 25 June 1900 attributed one of the manuscripts to Pedro de Heredia for reasons unknown.{{cn}}
  
De Heredia's ''Le Livre des Leçons'' ("The Book of Lessons") is influenced by [[Girolamo Cavalcabo|Girolamo Cavalcabo's]] ''[[Nobilissimo discorso intorno il schermo]]'' ("Most Noble Discourse on Defense").
+
The manuscripts do not contain a title, but the plates in one of the manuscripts refers to the work as ''Le Livre des Leçons'' ("The Book of Lessons"). It is a French paraphrase of [[Girolamo Cavalcabo|Girolamo Cavalcabo's]] ''[[Nobilissimo discorso intorno il schermo]]'' ("Most Noble Discourse on Defense").
  
 +
The actual Pedro de Heredia was an early [[century::17th century]] [[nationality::Spanish]] servant of the king. He married in 1618 and pursued a military career in the Netherlands. He was a cavalry captain by 1630, and in 1648, he became the governor of Leau (now Zoutleeuw), Netherlands. It is unlikely that de Heredia was a fencing master because of his position.
 
{{TOC limit|3}}
 
{{TOC limit|3}}
  
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Preface
 
  | title = Preface
  | width = 100%
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  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| '''Section 1 - How one must accommodate the body to get into a good posture.'''
+
| <p>'''Section 1 - How one must accommodate the body to put on a posture well.'''</p>
  
Now the accommodation of the body to be on guard will be holding the body straight with the right side a bit forward, turning the left side a bit backward, leaning the body on the left leg, of which the knee must be bent; the left arm is raised near the face like a semi-circle, the right leg extended or slightly bent, the two heels face-to-face to one another showing only the flank; you will cover with your right arm well extended below and a bit in front above the right thigh, the sword point looking in front of the enemy's right shoulder a bit higher than the fittings<ref>According to Lauvernay, fourniment is the powder case of arquebusiers and musketeers (sometimes extended to all the equipment carried). The word is only used once to indicate a place on the body, probably a bit below the shoulder.</ref>, and traversed somewhat inward, properly going on all sides to the enemy's sword. It is the third guard that I hold to be the most perfect, and in which all observations of good technique can be better preserved, since everything that derives from the other guards can easily (at least in part) be accommodated by this one. However having previously spoken of the four guards, I want to explain each of them in their place, to show that it is not necessary to rest in only one, because I hold them all good when performed well.
+
<p>Now the accommodation of the body to be on guard will be holding the body straight with the right side a bit forward, turning the left side a bit backward, leaning the body on the left leg, of which the knee must be bent; the left arm is raised near the face like a semi-circle, the right leg extended or a bit bent, the two heels face-to-face to one another showing only the flank; you will cover with your right arm well extended below and a bit in front above the right thigh, the sword point looking in front of the enemy's right shoulder a bit higher than the fittings<ref>According to Lauvernay, fourniment is the powder case of arquebusiers and musketeers (sometimes extended to all the equipment carried). The word is only used once to indicate a place on the body, probably a bit below the shoulder.</ref>, and traversed somewhat inward, properly going on all sides to the enemy's sword. It is the third guard that I hold to be the most perfect, and in which all observations of good technique can be better protect, seeing that everything that derives from the other guards can easily (at least in part) be accommodated by this. However having before spoken of the four guards, I want to explain each of them in their place, to show that it is not necessary to rest in only one, because I hold them all good when performed well; also it is a decent thing to know how to govern oneself in all guards according to which one can recognize the enemy's inclination.</p>
  
Before putting the said guards in effect, a good master must teach his disciples the steps which are called passing, turning, traversing, and linear following before putting the sword in their hand, to make them more agile and swift in all movements, which having understood, he will give them sword in hand, teaching them the ensuing guards from which all the others derive as their principal element.
+
<p>Before putting the said guards in effect, a good master must teach his disciples the steps which are called pacing, rotating, traversing, and following a straight line before putting the sword in their hand, to make them more agile and swift in all movements, which having understood, he will give them sword in hand, teaching them the ensuing guards from which all the others derive as their principal element.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
| '''Section 2 - The four principle guards of the single sword.'''
+
| <p>'''Section 2 - The four principle guards of the single sword.'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
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|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
|'''Section 3 - Counterguards to the aforementioned.'''
+
| <p>'''Section 3 - Counterguards to the aforementioned.'''</p>
  
 
<p>The counterguard of the aforementioned first will be the fourth guard.</p>
 
<p>The counterguard of the aforementioned first will be the fourth guard.</p>
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|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Section 4 - It is also important to know how our body can operate.'''</p>
+
| <p>'''Section 4 - It is also fitting to know how our body can operate.'''</p>
  
 
<p>Our body can be divided in two parts, one for offense, the other for defense. The right part will be used for offense, and the left for defense.</p>
 
<p>Our body can be divided in two parts, one for offense, the other for defense. The right part will be used for offense, and the left for defense.</p>
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| <p>'''Section 5 - The most notable points of advice that must be observed in several places.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Section 5 - The most notable points of advice that must be observed in several places.'''</p>
  
<p>First, note when you are on guard with the enemy that you have a view of his eye, so that you have the proper means to discover all of his intentions.</p>
+
<p>First, note when you are on guard with the enemy that you have a view of his eye, so that you have the most proper means to discover all of his intentions.</p>
  
 
<p>If you see the enemy's foot narrow, it will be to offend, if it is wide it will be to wait.</p>
 
<p>If you see the enemy's foot narrow, it will be to offend, if it is wide it will be to wait.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|   
 
|   
| <p>'''Section 7 - Four ways of passing.</p>'''
+
| <p>'''Section 7 - Four ways of pacing.</p>'''
  
<p>The first passing is made outward from the enemy's sword. The second will be on the left side, the third will be narrowing the step going in a straight line. The fourth will pass one foot in front of the other; take heed that with this last passing, the left foot must move first.</p>
+
<p>The first pacing performs outward from the enemy's sword. The second will be from the left side, the third will be closing the step going in a straight line. The fourth will be pacing one foot in front of the other; be advised that with this last pacing, the left foot must move first.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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| <p>'''Section 10 - How to gain the measure.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Section 10 - How to gain the measure.'''</p>
  
<p>The measure, whatever it is, is gained by four kinds of accommodation of the foot which are called: advancing, approaching, joining, and chasing of the foot. The advancing of the foot is when, being in narrow or true step, you gain the measure advancing the right foot forward
+
<p>The measure, whatever it is, is gained by four kinds of accommodation of the foot which are called: advancing, approaching, joining, and chasing of the foot. The advancing of the foot is when, being in narrow or true step, you gain the measure advancing the right foot forward to double again with the right foot or go with the left foot as you see fit. The approaching of the foot is when, finding yourself in a wide step, you approach your left foot halfway to go to the right, then after with your right foot. Joining is when, finding yourself in true or narrow step, you join your left foot to the right to have means of advancing the right foot. The chasing of the foot is when, finding yourself in wide step, you approach with the left foot and chase the right further forward than it was.</p>
to double again with the right foot or go with the left foot as you see fit. The approaching of the foot is when, finding yourself in a wide step, you approach your left foot halfway to go to the right, then after with your right foot. Joining is when, finding yourself in true or narrow step, you join your left foot to the right to have means of advancing the right foot. The chasing of the foot is when, finding yourself in wide step, you approach with the left foot and chase the right further forward than it was.</p>
 
  
<p>It is also curious to note and observe, before any accommodation of foot, to advance the sword a bit towards the enemy's weak and to have an eye on the lookout so as not to be caught by surprise, and that you can go in countertimes to your advantage.</p>
+
<p>It is also curiously fitting to note and observe, before any accommodation of foot, to advance the sword a bit toward the enemy's weak and to have the eye on the lookout such as not to be suddenly surprised, and that you can go in countertime to your advantage.</p>
  
 
<p>I in no way approve of the stamping of the feet being an improper and uncomfortable thing.</p>
 
<p>I in no way approve of the stamping of the feet being an improper and uncomfortable thing.</p>
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| <p>'''Section 12 - Understanding when one is on guard with advantage.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Section 12 - Understanding when one is on guard with advantage.'''</p>
  
<p>The advantage will be when you have the sword point right at the enemy's shoulder, and his sword does not face you.</p>
+
<p>The advantage will be when you have the sword point right at the enemy's shoulder, and his sword does not face your point.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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| <p>'''Section 13 - Some definitions of words that are noted to understand fencing.</p>
 
| <p>'''Section 13 - Some definitions of words that are noted to understand fencing.</p>
  
<p>'''Pass''' means to always move without changing intention except when the opportunity arises.</p>
+
<p>'''Pace''' means to always move without changing intention except when the opportunity arises.</p>
  
<p>'''Rotate'''<ref>Volter is an Italian loanword of voltare which means "to turn".</ref> properly speaking means going or twisting towards the part that one wants to offend whether it is inward or outward.</p>
+
<p>'''Rotate'''<ref>Volter is an Italian loanword of voltare which means "to turn".</ref> properly speaking means going or turning toward the part that one wants to offend whether it is inward or outward.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Step''' means going step by step both forward and backward.</p>
 
<p>'''Step''' means going step by step both forward and backward.</p>
  
<p>'''Collect''' the foot means to bring the foot back to therefore break the measure with discretion.</p>
+
<p>'''Collect''' the foot means to bring the foot backward to therefore break the measure with discretion.</p>
  
<p>'''High-thrust'''<ref>Estocade is the French loanword for the Italian stoccata and is used in this treatise as "supination".</ref> means a touch given with the point carried by the hand twisted with the nails upwards.</p>
+
<p>'''High-thrust'''<ref>Estocade is the French loanword for the Italian stoccata and is used in this treatise as "supination".</ref> means a touch given with the point carried by the hand turned with the nails upwards.</p>
  
<p>'''Low-thrust'''<ref>Brocade is the French loanword for the Italian imbroccata and is used in this treatise as "pronation".</ref> also means a touch with the point taken with the hand twisted with the nails downwards.</p>
+
<p>'''Low-thrust'''<ref>Brocade is the French loanword for the Italian imbroccata and is used in this treatise as "pronation".</ref> also means a touch with the point taken with the hand turned with the nails downwards.</p>
  
 
<p>A '''stab''' means a touch both in low-thrust and high-thrust.</p>
 
<p>A '''stab''' means a touch both in low-thrust and high-thrust.</p>
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<p>'''Straight line''' is to pursue the enemy without rotating or crossing anywhere.</p>
 
<p>'''Straight line''' is to pursue the enemy without rotating or crossing anywhere.</p>
  
<p>'''Dodge''' the body means to twist it to give way to the high-thrust that the enemy shoots.</p>
+
<p>'''Dodge''' the body means to turn it to give way to the high-thrust that the enemy shoots.</p>
  
<p>'''Round outers<ref>Lit. translated as "right-hands".</ref>, ''' and '''round reversals''' mean hitting with a reversal and with a hew without moving the hand from where it is except by twisting it.</p>
+
<p>'''Round outers<ref>Lit. translated as "right-hands".</ref>, ''' and '''round reversals''' mean hitting with a reversal and with a hew without moving the hand from where it is except by turning it.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Hew''' the sword is to beat the enemy's sword with one's own.</p>
 
<p>'''Hew''' the sword is to beat the enemy's sword with one's own.</p>
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<p>'''Cover''' the sword means to extend your sword onto that of the enemy's to subdue him or to compel him to disengage.</p>
 
<p>'''Cover''' the sword means to extend your sword onto that of the enemy's to subdue him or to compel him to disengage.</p>
  
<p>'''Puncture''' the sword is to force the enemy to change guard.</p>
+
<p>'''Break''' the sword is to force the enemy to change guard.</p>
  
 
<p>Sometimes if one is said to '''shoot a stab''' to the face or a cut to the head, that may be a feint, therefore, one must use discretion.
 
<p>Sometimes if one is said to '''shoot a stab''' to the face or a cut to the head, that may be a feint, therefore, one must use discretion.
  
<p>'''Beating of the foot''' means feinting to push a resolute high-thrust with firm foot so that the enemy must parry and after he does to redouble to another where you will see him open.</p>
+
<p>'''Beating with the foot''' means to feint pushing a resolute high-thrust with firm foot such that the enemy must parry and after he does to redouble to another where you will see him exposed.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Flourish''' means to vary your point below the enemy's sword, both outward and inward, so that the enemy cannot know your intention, nor cover your sword.</p>
 
<p>'''Flourish''' means to vary your point below the enemy's sword, both outward and inward, so that the enemy cannot know your intention, nor cover your sword.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Since the single sword is held above all as the queen of weapons and is carried everywhere and in companies, I will put it first and I will show in order the principles or simple lessons that I am accustomed to instruct young students.</p>
+
| <p>Since the single sword is held above all as the king of weapons and is carried everywhere and in companies, I will put it first and I will show in order the principles or simple lessons that I am accustomed to instruct young students.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>First finding yourself in the fourth guard and the enemy being in third or second, you will cover inward with the strong of your sword on the middle of his weak; and having gained, you will push a high-thrust straight from the correct edge to his right shoulder without abandoning his blade. And to perform this cut well, note that it is appropriate for the arm to be extended and the body extended before the foot steps to push, so that you are not surprised and the enemy cannot disengage on the raising of the foot.</p>
+
<p>First finding yourself in the fourth guard and the enemy being in third or second, you will cover inward with the strong of your sword on his weak's middle; and having gained, you will push a high-thrust straight from the correct edge to his right shoulder without abandoning his blade. And to perform this cut well, note that it is fitting for the arm to be extended and the body extended before the foot steps to push, so that you are not surprised and the enemy cannot disengage on the raising of the foot.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>You will also be in fourth guard, to subjugate the enemy's sword covering it as above; and if he disengages his point and shoots a low-thrust outward, you will parry with your strong on his weak with the hand twisted into a low-thrust, and you will at the same time push a low-thrust with the correct edge to the right side, fully extending the body and arms, without abandoning the enemy's sword, quickly recovering into third guard.</p>
+
<p>You will also be in fourth guard, to subdue the enemy's sword covering it as above; and if he disengages his point and shoots a low-thrust outward, you will parry with your strong on his weak with the hand turned into a low-thrust, and you will at the same time push a low-thrust with the correct edge to the right side, fully extending the body and arms, without abandoning the enemy's sword, quickly recovering into third guard.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy camped in third guard, you will advance in second with the arm and body; and twisting the hand in low-thrust, you will cover his sword with your strong on the middle of his weak; and if he changes his point and shoots a stab inward, you will parry again with your strong to his weak, and you will push with the correct edge a high-thrust with firm foot to the right shoulder. Note that the arm and the body are still extended before the foot step in order to push off.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy camped in third guard, you will advance in second with the arm and body; and turning the hand in low-thrust, you will cover his sword with your strong on his weak's middle; and if he changes his point and shoots a stab inward, you will parry again with your strong to his weak, and you will push with the correct edge a high-thrust with firm foot to the right shoulder. Note that the arm and the body are still extended before the foot step in order to push off.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p>Being in third guard, you can also likewise hold your point a bit outward below the middle of the strong of the enemy's sword; then collecting it towards you at the height of the enemy's face, you will cover inward from the middle of your strong on the middle of his weak, pushing at the same time a high-thrust to the right shoulder without abandoning his blade so as not to receive at the same time, quickly recovering into fourth guard.</p>
+
<p>Being in third guard, you can also likewise hold your point a bit outward below the enemy's sword's strong's middle; then collecting it toward you at the height of the enemy's face, you will cover inward from your strong's middle on his weak's middle, pushing at the same time a high-thrust to the right shoulder without abandoning his blade so as not to receive at the same time, quickly recovering into fourth guard.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 5'''</p>
  
<p>You can still with the same guard, hold your sword point inward below the enemy's hilt; and in case he goes to cover your sword, you will disengage and at the same time placing your strong on the middle of his weak, twisting the hand in a low-thrust, and thus you will shoot from second a straight line stab outward at the right shoulder extending first the arm and body, then returning to the same guard.</p>
+
<p>You can still with the same guard, hold your sword point inward below the enemy's guard; and in case he tries to cover your sword, you will disengage and at the same time placing your strong on his weak's middle, turning the hand in a low-thrust, and thus you will shoot from second a straight line stab outward at the right shoulder extending first the arm and body, then returning to the same guard.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 6'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 7'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 7'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in second guard, you will go from third to cover with the middle of your strong on the middle of his weak, always observing the extension of the arm and body by subduing the sword before stepping with the right foot; and having gained this measure, if the enemy disengages to push a stab outward, you can counter-disengage passing your sword below his; raising your point and meeting his weak with your strong, you will push with the correct edge a high-thrust from fourth along his blade to the right shoulder, retiring quickly on guard without abandoning the blade.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in second guard, you will go from third to cover with your strong's middle on his weak's middle, always observing the extension of the arm and body by subduing the sword before performing a step with the right foot; and having gained this measure, if the enemy disengages to push a stab outward, you can counter-disengage passing your sword below his; raising your point and meeting his weak with your strong, you will push with the correct edge a high-thrust from fourth along his blade to the right shoulder, retiring quickly on guard without abandoning the blade.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 8'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 8'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in fourth guard, you will go from third to cover with your strong on his weak outward, twisting your hand in low-thrust; and if he disengages his point inward, you can make a counter-disengage, passing your point below his blade and returning to second; having found his weak with your strong, you will push a low-thrust to the right shoulder, retiring to second without leaving the enemy's blade.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in fourth guard, you will go from third to cover with your strong on his weak outward, turning your hand in low-thrust; and if he disengages his point inward, you can make a counter-disengage, passing your point below his blade and returning to second; having found his weak with your strong, you will push a low-thrust to the right shoulder, retiring to second without leaving the enemy's blade.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 9'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 9'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in third guard, you will go in fourth pointing the sword point toward his guard, making a feint outward, beating the front foot without advancing it. And if the enemy goes to parry, you will disengage inward over the sword guard, striking him at the right shoulder, returning quickly in third guard. Be warned that all feints must be done with a beat of the front foot, without moving the rear one, and that being on guard below the enemy's sword, your point remains two palms behind his guard, not advancing it, nor making the beating further than this, so as not to be taken by surprise.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in third guard, you will go in fourth pointing the sword point toward his guard, making a feint outward, beating the front foot without advancing it. And if the enemy tries to parry, you will disengage inward over the sword guard, striking him at the right shoulder, returning quickly in third guard. Be advised that all feints must be done with a beat of the front foot, without moving the back one, and that being on guard below the enemy's sword, your point remains two palms backward from his guard, not advancing it, nor making the beating further than this, so as not to be suddenly taken.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 10'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 10'''</p>
  
<p>On the aforementioned guard, you can still carry your point below the enemy's sword outward towards his right arm. From there, you will feint inward according to the above rule and if he goes to parry, you will disengage your point outward pushing a high-thrust on his right shoulder, recovering in third.</p>
+
<p>On the aforementioned guard, you can still carry your point below the enemy's sword outward toward his right limb. From there, you will feint inward according to the above rule and if he tries to parry, you will disengage your point outward pushing a high-thrust on his right shoulder, recovering in third.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 11'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 11'''</p>
  
<p>The enemy being in third guard, you can go into fourth; carrying your point below his sword a bit outward, corresponding to the middle of his strong, and having gained this measure, you will collect your point inward lodging your strong on the middle of his weak to subdue it. And if he wants to press against it, you will disengage your point below his guard, striking a high-thrust to his right shoulder, holding your guard well raised to counterguard your head, then you will return to second.</p>
+
<p>The enemy being in third guard, you can go into fourth; carrying your point below his sword a bit outward, corresponding to his strong's middle, and having gained this measure, you will collect your point inward lodging your strong on his weak's middle to subdue it. And if he wants to press against it, you will disengage your point below his guard, striking a high-thrust to his right shoulder, holding your guard well raised to counterguard your head, then you will return to second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 12'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 12'''</p>
  
<p>If you find the enemy in third, you can go into fourth; holding your point below his sword a bit outward, corresponding to the middle of his strong; and having gained this measure, you will collect your point inward, placing your strong on the middle of his weak to subdue it; then if he presses against it, you will disengage your point below his guard, stabbing him in the right shoulder, having the guard well raised, to counterguard the head.</p>
+
<p>If you find the enemy in third, you can go into fourth; holding your point below his sword a bit outward, corresponding to his strong's middle; and having gained this measure, you will collect your point inward, placing your strong on his weak's middle to subdue it; then if he presses against it, you will disengage your point below his guard, hitting with a high-thrust to his right shoulder, having the guard well raised, to counterguard the head.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 13'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 13'''</p>
  
<p>If you still find the enemy in third guard, the arm forward, and you are in fourth with your point outward from his sword and corresponding to the middle of his strong as above, you will collect your point inward, covering his weak with your strong, stepping forward with the right foot, then approaching the left foot, you will resolutely push a high-thrust to the right shoulder, letting go only the right foot without moving the left, returning into third, still holding the enemy's blade subject as long as you can.</p>
+
<p>If you still find the enemy in third guard, the arm forward, and you are in fourth with your point outward from his sword and corresponding to his strong's middle as above, you will collect your point inward, covering his weak with your strong, stepping forward with the right foot, then approaching the left foot, you will resolutely push a high-thrust to the right shoulder, letting go only the right foot without moving the left, returning into third, still holding the enemy's blade subject as long as you can.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 14'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 14'''</p>
  
<p>The enemy still being in third guard, and you in fourth with your point inward to oppose the middle of his strong, you will collect your point outward, twisting your hand in a low-thrust; and going into second, you will cover his weak with the middle of your strong, advancing the right foot and joining the left, you will push a low-thrust to the right shoulder quickly returning into second.</p>
+
<p>The enemy still being in third guard, and you in fourth with your point inward to oppose his strong's middle, you will collect your point outward, turning your hand in a low-thrust; and going into second, you will cover his weak with your strong's middle, advancing the right foot and joining the left, you will push a low-thrust to the right shoulder quickly returning into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 15'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 15'''</p>
  
<p>Being both in the same guard as above, and having covered the enemy's sword with yours, if he shoot a reversal outward, you will parry his first cut with your strong against his weak, twisting your hand in a low-thrust, shooting at the same time to his right shoulder with firm footing, returning into second.</p>
+
<p>Being both in the same guard as above, and having covered the enemy's sword with yours, if he shoot a reversal outward, you will parry his first cut with your strong against his weak, turning your hand in a low-thrust, shooting at the same time to his right shoulder with firm footing, returning into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 16'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 16'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy is in third and you, being in second, have covered his sword outward with your hand twisted in a low-thrust, and when he shoots at you with a heavy-cut<ref>Estramaçon is a loanword for the Italian stramazzare which means "to fall heavily". It is also French for greatsword.</ref> inward, you will parry him with the same, twisting the hand in a high-thrust with the strong of your sword on his weak, pushing him at the same time a high-thrust from fourth to the right shoulder with firm foot, returning into fourth.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy is in third and you, being in second, have covered his sword outward with your hand turned in a low-thrust, and when he shoots at you with a heavy-cut<ref>Estramaçon is a loanword for the Italian stramazzare which means "to fall heavily". It is also French for greatsword.</ref> inward, you will parry him with the same, turning the hand in a high-thrust with the strong of your sword on his weak, pushing him at the same time a high-thrust from fourth to the right shoulder with firm foot, returning into fourth.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 17'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 17'''</p>
  
<p>If you find the enemy in second guard, you can put yourself in third, holding your sword point raised below the middle of his strong; from there, advancing a step with the right foot, letting the left follow, you will push a low-thrust from second outward, over the middle of his strong to compel him to parry; in this time, you will disengage your point below his elbow, striking him below the armpit, returning into second.</p>
+
<p>If you find the enemy in second guard, you can put yourself in third, holding your sword point raised below his strong's middle; from there, advancing a step with the right foot, letting the left follow, you will push a low-thrust from second outward, over his strong's middle to compel him to the parry; in this time, you will disengage your point below his elbow, striking him below the armpit, returning into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 18'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 18'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy comes to cover your sword from second outward and having disengaged, he redoubles to again subdue it from third inward, you will advance your sword in fourth until the enemy's middle; come to your strong; and at the same time, you will twist the hand in a low-thrust, striking him from second towards the right shoulder, returning into third.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy tries to cover your sword from second outward and having disengaged, he redoubles to again subdue it from third inward, you will advance your sword in fourth until the enemy's middle; come to your strong; and at the same time, you will turn the hand in a low-thrust, striking him from second toward the right shoulder, returning into third.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 19'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 19'''</p>
  
<p>If being in first guard, the enemy is going to cover your sword to shoot you with a first or second high-thrust to the head or shoulder, at the same time as his arm advances to strike, you will twist your hand in a low-thrust, concealing or subtly lowering the body and head, lowering your point a bit, you will strike him from second to the right side below the armpit, returning after into second.</p>
+
<p>If being in first guard, the enemy is trying to cover your sword to shoot you with a first or second high-thrust to the head or shoulder, at the same time as his arm advances to strike, you will turn your hand in a low-thrust, concealing or subtly lowering the body and head, lowering your point a bit, you will strike him from second to the right side below the armpit, returning after into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 20'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 20'''</p>
  
<p>You can also put yourself in third guard, holding your sword guard near your belt, the hand half-twisted in a low-thrust, your point outward that of the enemy's corresponding to the middle of his strong; and if he comes from fourth with his arm extended to cover your weak, you will push a resolute low-thrust, straight to the right shoulder, concealing your head a bit, putting yourself back into second.</p>
+
<p>You can also put yourself in third guard, holding your sword guard near your belt, the hand half-turned in a low-thrust, your point outward that of the enemy's corresponding to his strong's middle; and if he tries from fourth with his arm extended to cover your weak, you will push a resolute low-thrust, straight to the right shoulder, concealing your head a bit, putting yourself backward into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 21'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 21'''</p>
  
<p>Your enemy being in first guard, his point and his guard of the same height, you will come from second to cover his weak with the middle of your blade, having the hand twisted in a high-thrust; then twisting it into a low-thrust, you will lead his sword outward, pushing at the same time a low-thrust below his guard to the right side, with firm foot or with passing. The same is also done in a high-thrust, depending on how you find the enemy's point disposed, putting you back into second.</p>
+
<p>Your enemy being in first guard, his point and his guard of the same height, you will come from second to cover his weak with your blade's middle, having the hand turned in a high-thrust; then turning it into a low-thrust, you will lead his sword outward, pushing at the same time a low-thrust below his guard to the right side, with firm foot or with passing. The same is also done in a high-thrust, depending on how you find the enemy's point disposed, putting you backward into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 22'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 22'''</p>
  
<p>If you are going into third to cover the weak of the enemy's sword and failing your intention, he disengages his point to shoot you from second a low-thrust in the right shoulder, you will quickly twist your hand into a low-thrust and thus, leaning the body and the head, you will push from second the same low-thrust to the enemy's right side; and having warned him, you will retire into second.</p>
+
<p>If you are going into third to cover the weak of the enemy's sword and failing your intention, he disengages his point to shoot you from second a low-thrust in the right shoulder, you will quickly turn your hand into a low-thrust and thus, leaning the body and the head, you will push from second the same low-thrust to the enemy's right side; and having warned him, you will retire into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 23'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 23'''</p>
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<p>'''Article 24'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 24'''</p>
  
<p>The enemy being in first guard, and that you are in second or third, and holding his point outward, he is going to push a thrust to your right shoulder, you will parry on his weak, and following the correct edge, you will push a high-thrust with firm foot to the right side, passing your point below his guard, returning quickly into second.</p>
+
<p>The enemy being in first guard, and that you are in second or third, and holding his point outward, he is trying to push a thrust to your right shoulder, you will parry on his weak, and following the correct edge, you will push a high-thrust with firm foot to the right side, passing your point below his guard, returning quickly into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 25'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 25'''</p>
  
<p>If being in second guard and the enemy in fourth, and having covered his weak with the middle of your strong, then he shoots a low-thrust outward towards the head, at the same time as he bends his arm to leave, you will twist your hand in a low-thrust, then concealing or leaning the body and the head, you will push a stab with firm foot below the right elbow, raising your guard well to guarantee your head; be advised to have the arm bent before the foot steps to push off, retiring into second.</p>
+
<p>If being in second guard and the enemy in fourth, and having covered his weak with your strong's middle, then he shoots a low-thrust outward toward the head, at the same time as he bends his arm to leave, you will turn your hand in a low-thrust, then concealing or leaning the body and the head, you will push a stab with firm foot below the right elbow, raising your guard well to guarantee your head; be advised to have the arm bent before the foot steps to push off, retiring into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 26'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 26'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in fourth guard, you will go into third holding your point below his guard, marching a bit inward; then if the enemy extends his arm, you will carry your point outward, a bit raised above his blade, while knocking with the flat of yours against his false edge, you will push a high-thrust at him with firm and straight foot to the right shoulder, returning promptly into second.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in fourth guard, you will go into third holding your point below his guard, stepping a bit inward; then if the enemy extends his arm, you will carry your point outward, a bit raised above his blade, while knocking with the flat of yours against his false edge, you will push a high-thrust at him with firm and straight foot to the right shoulder, returning promptly into second.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 27'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 27'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in second, you can put yourself in the same guard, holding your sword twisted in a low-thrust, the point a bit outward of his; then if he comes to shoot a low-thrust along your point, you will let him advance to your guard, then twisting your hand into a high-thrust and collecting your point a bit inward you will meet his weak with your strong, pushing a high-thrust to the right shoulder, beating the wrist, then you retire into fourth.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in second, you can put yourself in the same guard, holding your sword turned in a low-thrust, the point a bit outward of his; then if he tries to shoot a low-thrust along your point, you will let him advance to your guard, then turning your hand into a high-thrust and collecting your point a bit inward you will meet his weak with your strong, pushing a high-thrust to the right shoulder, beating the wrist, then you retire into fourth.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 28'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 28'''</p>
  
<p>The enemy being in second, and when he shoots you a low-thrust outward, with the intention, if you parry his low-thrust, redouble another below your guard, in doing so, you will parry his first low-thrust with a bit of a retreat; and with the second you will follow his sword with the straight line to yours inward, twisting your hand in a high-thrust, presenting your point to his belt and he will remain struck, retiring promptly into fourth guard.</p>
+
<p>The enemy being in second, and when he shoots you a low-thrust outward, with the intention, if you parry his low-thrust, redouble another below your guard, in doing so, you will parry his first low-thrust with a bit of a retreat; and with the second you will follow his sword with a straight line to yours inward, turning your hand in a high-thrust, presenting your point to his belt and he will remain struck, retiring promptly into fourth guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy is in second, and you in third, at the same time as he extends his arm in high-thrust, you will parry, covering his sword with your strong on his weak; then twisting your hand in low-thrust, you will shoot a reversal on his sword, pulling your false edge back towards you, and thus you can shoot the sword out of his hands.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy is in second, and you in third, at the same time as he extends his arm in high-thrust, you will parry, covering his sword with your strong on his weak; then turning your hand in low-thrust, you will shoot a reversal on his sword, pulling your false edge backward toward you, and thus you can shoot the sword out of his hands.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>The enemy having gained your sword inward and wanting to give you a high-thrust from fourth, you will parry with the strong of your sword close to his point; then twisting your hand in low-thrust, you will draw a reversal to you on his weak, and thus you will throw the sword from his hands.</p>
+
<p>The enemy having gained your sword inward and wanting to give you a high-thrust from fourth, you will parry with the strong of your sword close to his point; then turning your hand in low-thrust, you will shoot a reversal at you on his weak, and thus you will throw the sword from his hands.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
Line 427: Line 428:
 
<p>'''Section 2 Remedy against the discard.'''</p>
 
<p>'''Section 2 Remedy against the discard.'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy having gained the weak of your sword inward on his strong, wants to throw it out of your hand, at the same time that he rotates it with a reversal, you will disengage your point outward, pushing from fourth a stab to his right shoulder; or else you will twist the hand in low-thrust, letting the sword hilt slide in your hand; or else at the same time that he wants to rotate his reversal, you will twist your hand in low-thrust, shooting a slash to his head.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy having gained the weak of your sword inward on his strong, wants to throw it out of your hand, at the same time as he rotates it with a reversal, you will disengage your point outward, pushing from fourth a stab to his right shoulder; or else you will turn the hand in low-thrust, letting the sword guard slide in your hand; or else at the same time as he wants to rotate his reversal, you will turn your hand in low-thrust, shooting a slash to his head.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>Being in third guard and finding the enemy in the same or in second, you will extend your point below the middle of his strong; from there, you will go cover his sword outward, and at the same time that he wants to disengage his point, you will twist your hand into a high-thrust, striking him in a straight line and firm foot to the right shoulder, retiring into second.</p>
+
<p>Being in third guard and finding the enemy in the same or in second, you will extend your point below his strong's middle; from there, you will go cover his sword outward, and at the same time as he wants to disengage his point, you will turn your hand into a high-thrust, striking him in a straight line and firm foot to the right shoulder, retiring into second.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>Still being in the same guard as above, you will be able to extend your point inward below the middle of the enemy's strong; from there, you will go with the middle of your strong to cover the middle of his weak, and if he disengages his point, you will twist your hand into a low-thrust, pushing a second stab outward with firm foot to the right shoulder, perform a step with the hand before the foot, then recover promptly back into second.</p>
+
<p>Still being in the same guard as above, you will be able to extend your point inward below the enemy's strong's middle; from there, you will go with your strong's middle to cover his weak's middle, and if he disengages his point, you will turn your hand into a low-thrust, pushing a second stab outward with firm foot to the right shoulder, perform a step with the hand before the foot, then recover promptly backward into second.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy still in third, putting yourself likewise, you will extend your point below the middle of his strong, and at the same time that he wants to advance his body or his arm towards you, you will beat his sword with your strong on his weak, and if he wants to disengage, you will push a high-thrust with firm foot to his right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy still in third, putting yourself likewise, you will extend your point below his strong's middle, and at the same time as he wants to advance his body or his arm toward you, you will beat his sword with your strong on his weak, and if he wants to disengage, you will push a high-thrust with firm foot to his right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p>The enemy being still in third guard, you can likewise present your point inward having your guard a bit raised at the height of your belt; and if the enemy goes to cover your weak with his strong, you will collect your point, passing your blade over his point, cutting him with a high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot, recovering into second.</p>
+
<p>The enemy still being in third guard, you can likewise present your point inward having your guard a bit raised at the height of your belt; and if the enemy tries to cover your weak with his strong, you will collect your point, passing your blade over his point, cutting him with a high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot, recovering into second.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
  
<p>If you are in second guard, having your hand twisted in a low-thrust and your point below the middle of the enemy's strong, and if he goes with the same guard to cover your sword outward, retiring your point, you will push at the same time that he advances a low-thrust over his weak to the right shoulder; and if he goes to parry, you will disengage your point below his guard, striking him to the right side, with firm foot.</p>
+
<p>If you are in second guard, having your hand turned in a low-thrust and your point below the enemy's strong's middle, and if he goes with the same guard to cover your sword outward, retiring your point, you will push at the same time as he advances a low-thrust over his weak to the right shoulder; and if he tries to parry, you will disengage your point below his guard, striking him to the right side, with firm foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 507: Line 508:
 
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in third, you can while holding your point outward with the hand twisted in a low-thrust, from there, collecting your point towards you, you will cut above his sword point towards his belt with a beat of the foot; and if he goes to parry, you'll disengage below, pushing him outward with firm foot.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in third, you can while holding your point outward with the hand turned in a low-thrust, from there, collecting your point toward you, you will cut above his sword point toward his belt with a beat of the foot; and if he tries to parry, you'll disengage below, pushing him outward with firm foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>Being both in third guard, you can put your point inward to the enemy's sword, and if he goes to cover it, you will collect your point towards yourself cutting a high-thrust outward on his point to the right shoulder; and if he goes to parry, you will disengage your point below his blade, striking him inward from fourth with firm foot to the right shoulder, retiring into fourth.</p>
+
<p>Being both in third guard, you can put your point inward to the enemy's sword, and if he tries to cover it, you will collect your point toward yourself cutting a high-thrust outward on his point to the right shoulder; and if he tries to parry, you will disengage your point below his blade, striking him inward from fourth with firm foot to the right shoulder, retiring into fourth.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
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<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>To perform the voids well, you will hold your sword guard close to the belt, the legs widened to be in your strength; and if the enemy shoots a low-thrust, you will disengage your point inward against the middle of his blade and removing the body, you will push with firm foot to the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>To perform the voids well, you will hold your sword guard close to the belt, the legs widened to be in your strength; and if the enemy shoots a low-thrust, you will disengage your point inward against his blade's middle and removing the body, you will push with firm foot to the right shoulder.</p>
  
<p>Doing the voiding, note that it is necessary removing or dodging the body, that the toes twist backward, and the heels forward, such that what was behind goes forward, and what was forward back, all at once.</p>
+
<p>Performing the voidance, note that it is necessary in removing or dodging the body, that the toes turn backward, and the heels forward, such that what was backward goes forward, and what was forward backward, all at once.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>You can also hold your sword point outward opposite of the middle of the enemy's strong; with which you want to shoot a right high-thrust, you will shoot at the same time from fourth inward to the right shoulder above his guard, removing the body and foot as above.</p>
+
<p>You can also hold your sword point outward opposite of the enemy's strong's middle; with which you want to shoot a right high-thrust, you will shoot at the same time from fourth inward to the right shoulder above his guard, removing the body and foot as above.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>You can still put yourself in high guard with your arm extended, and with the enemy going to subject your sword outward, you will disengage your point below his guard to the right shoulder, dodging the body and twisting your feet; but this twist must be performed by advancing the forward foot, unlike the two previous lessons, where it is necessary to twist in place because the enemy does not strongly extend the body when covering your sword like he does in stabbing.</p>
+
<p>You can still put yourself in high guard with your arm extended, and with the enemy trying to subdue your sword outward, you will disengage your point below his guard to the right shoulder, dodging the body and turning your feet; but this turn must be performed by advancing the forward foot, unlike the two previous lessons, where it is necessary to turn in place because the enemy does not extend strongly the body when covering your sword like in shooting a stab.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p>You can also hold the guard close to your belt, and with the enemy going to pass over you with your left foot outward, you will disengage your sword inward with the dodging of the body and twisting your foot without advancing it.</p>
+
<p>You can also hold the guard close to your belt, and with the enemy trying to pass over you with your left foot outward, you will disengage your sword inward with the dodging of the body and turning your foot without advancing it.</p>
  
<p>'''Section 2 Remedy against all types of disappearances that can be performed.'''</p>
+
<p>'''Section 2 Remedy against all types of voids that can be performed.'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy having gained your weak with his strong goes to shoot a high-thrust inward from fourth to the right shoulder, passing the left foot back beside the right leg, dodging entirely with the body, you will parry with your strong on his weak, taking his sword inward; you will push a high-thrust with firm foot at the spine, stepping with your left foot back towards the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy having gained your weak with his strong tries to shoot a high-thrust inward from fourth to the right shoulder, passing the left foot backward beside the right leg, dodging entirely with the body, you will parry with your strong on his weak, taking his sword inward; you will push a high-thrust with firm foot to the spine, stepping with your left foot backward toward the right shoulder.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>The enemy having gained your sword as above, and performing the same fourth, he carries his point to strike you below your guard to the right side, you will parry with your strong on his weak, letting your point lower below his blade, striking him with a high-thrust to the spine with firm foot, or stepping well with the left foot back towards the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>The enemy having gained your sword as above, and performing the same fourth, he carries his point to strike you below your guard to the right side, you will parry with your strong on his weak, letting your point lower below his blade, striking him with a high-thrust to the spine with firm foot, or stepping well with the left foot backward toward the right shoulder.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy finds you in third guard and having gained your weak with his strong, he is going to pass from fourth as above to strike outward on your right shoulder, you will parry, collecting your weak outward against his side, and leading his sword inward; you will strike him with a high-thrust on the spine with firm foot or stepping the left foot backward.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy finds you in third guard and having gained your weak with his strong, he is trying to pass from fourth as above to strike outward on your right shoulder, you will parry, collecting your weak outward against his side, and leading his sword inward; you will strike him with a high-thrust on the spine with firm foot or stepping the left foot backward.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p>If you still find yourself in the same guard, the enemy goes to cover your sword outward, you will disengage your point inward at the same time without pushing; and if he comes to quarter inward towards your right shoulder, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak, leading his sword inward, striking him with a high-thrust to the spine with firm foot or stepping the left foot backward.</p>
+
<p>If you still find yourself in the same guard, the enemy tries to cover your sword outward, you will disengage your point inward at the same time without pushing; and if he tries to quarter inward toward your right shoulder, you will parry with your blade's middle on his weak, leading his sword inward, striking him with a high-thrust to the spine with firm foot or stepping the left foot backward.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 5'''</p>
  
<p>ith the enemy coming from long measure to cover your sword outward, passing with the left foot, you will disengage your point inward at the same time with firm foot without pushing; and if he goes to quarter inward towards the right shoulder, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak, leading his sword inward, striking him with a high-thrust to the spine, with firm foot, or stepping with the left foot backward towards the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>[With] the enemy trying from long measure to cover your sword outward, passing with the left foot, you will disengage your point inward at the same time with firm foot without pushing; and if he tries to quarter inward toward the right shoulder, you will parry with your blade's middle on his weak, leading his sword inward, striking him with a high-thrust to the spine, with firm foot, or stepping with the left foot backward toward the right shoulder.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Section 3 Remedy against fourth feints.'''</p>
 
<p>'''Section 3 Remedy against fourth feints.'''</p>
Line 586: Line 587:
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>Being in second guard and your enemy in fourth and he is going to show a feint outward, you will parry him with firm foot outward, so that he has an opportunity to quarter inward; doing so, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak, letting your point drop below his blade, striking his spine with a high-thrust with firm foot, or stepping the left foot back towards the shoulder.</p>
+
<p>Being in second guard and your enemy in fourth and he is trying to show a feint outward, you will parry him with firm foot outward, so that he has an opportunity to quarter inward; doing so, you will parry with your blade's middle on his weak, letting your point drop below his blade, striking his spine with a high-thrust with firm foot, or stepping the left foot backward toward the shoulder.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>Still being in the same guard, if the enemy shows you the feint inward towards the head, you will parry inward, and if he performs his fourth carrying his point below your guard to the right side, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak, dropping your point below his blade, striking his spine with a high-thrust with firm foot, or stepping forward with your left foot.</p>
+
<p>Still being in the same guard, if the enemy shows you the feint inward toward the head, you will parry inward, and if he performs his fourth carrying his point below your guard to the right side, you will parry with the your blade's middle on his weak, dropping your point below his blade, striking his spine with a high-thrust with firm foot, or stepping forward with your left foot.</p>
  
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>If you have gained the weak of the enemy's sword with your strong on the middle of his weak outward, you will push a second low-thrust to his right shoulder; and if the enemy parries with the same sword edge by quartering to give to your right shoulder, at the same time, twisting your hand in a high-thrust, you will strike his spine, keeping your guard well-raised, in order to protect your head. Be warned that when the enemy performs the fourth in short measure, you will parry with a retreating left foot, letting the right follow.</p>
+
<p>If you have gained the enemy's sword's weak with your strong on his weak's middle outward, you will push a second low-thrust to his right shoulder; and if the enemy parries with his same sword edge by quartering to give to your right shoulder, at the same time, turning your hand in a high-thrust, you will strike his spine, keeping your guard well-raised, in order to protect your head. Be advised that when the enemy performs the fourth in short measure, you will parry with a retreating left foot, letting the right follow.</p>
  
<p>I don't want to make any mention of the lessons that might be observed in performing the aforementioned fourths, instead only to show the remedies against these; especially since I do not approve of them as good, because of the great danger one incurs in performing them, as much for the twisting of the back as of the head, and even from the peril from being thrown down by wrestling.</p>
+
<p>I don't want to make any mention of the lessons that could be observed in performing the aforementioned fourths, instead only to show the remedies against these; especially as I do not approve of them as good, because of the great danger one incurs in performing them, as much for the turning of the spine as of the head, and still from the peril from being thrown down by the grapple.</p>
  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 622: Line 623:
 
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>Finding your enemy in third guard, you can put yourself likewise, holding your sword point inward to his, corresponding to the middle of his strong; then you will disengage your point outward, covering with your strong his weak near the middle of his blade and thus you will pass with the left foot from second in a low-thrust to the right shoulder. Note that to perform this cut well, the hand and the body must first be on the way before passing the left foot.</p>
+
<p>Finding your enemy in third guard, you can put yourself likewise, holding your sword point inward to his, corresponding to his strong's middle; then you will disengage your point outward, covering with your strong his weak near his blade's middle and thus you will pass with the left foot from second in a low-thrust to the right shoulder. Note that to perform this cut well, the hand and the body must first be on the way before passing the left foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 629: Line 630:
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>With the enemy in fourth or third guard, you will put yourself in the same and you will go to cover his sword with the middle of your strong on the middle of his weak; and if he disengages and shoots and low-thrust at you from second, you will parry with your strong on his weak with firm foot, extending your arm and body and twisting your hand in a low-thrust; you will pass at the same time with the left foot, striking his right shoulder from second.</p>
+
<p>With the enemy in fourth or third guard, you will put yourself in the same and you will go to cover his sword with your strong's middle on his weak's middle; and if he disengages and shoots and low-thrust at you from second, you will parry with your strong on his weak with firm foot, extending your arm and body and turning your hand in a low-thrust; you will pass at the same time with the left foot, striking his right shoulder from second.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 636: Line 637:
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>Having likewise covered the middle of your strong with the middle of the weak of the enemy's sword, you will push with firm foot a high-thrust to the enemy's right shoulder, passing a bit above his guard; then going to press against your sword to parry it, you will twist your hand in a low-thrust, disengaging your point below his guard, you will pass with the left foot forward; but always observe to extend the arm and body before the foot steps to pass.</p>
+
<p>Having likewise covered your strong's middle with the enemy's sword's weak's middle, you will push with firm foot a high-thrust to the enemy's right shoulder, passing a bit above his guard; then trying to press against your sword to parry it, you will turn your hand in a low-thrust, disengaging your point below his guard, you will pass with the left foot forward; but always observe to extend the arm and body before the foot steps to pass.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 643: Line 644:
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p>If you are in second guard, holding your sword in an outward low-thrust, and the enemy comes from the same guard to cover your sword outward with his strong on your weak, you will at the same time disengage your point inward below his elbow, passing with the left foot, striking his right shoulder; but let the arm and body be extended before the left foot passes.</p>
+
<p>If you are in second guard, holding your sword in an outward low-thrust, and the enemy tries from the same guard to cover your sword outward with his strong on your weak, you will at the same time disengage your point inward below his elbow, passing with the left foot, striking his right shoulder; but let the arm and body be extended before the left foot passes.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 650: Line 651:
 
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
  
<p>Being in first guard, with your hand twisted in a high-thrust and holding your point outward straight to the enemy's eye and when he wants to cover your weak inward with his strong, at the same time as he is coming, you will twist your hand in a low-thrust, disengaging your point below his guard to the right side; passing with the left foot, you will strike him from second, extending the arm and body as above.</p>
+
<p>Being in first guard, with your hand turned in a high-thrust and holding your point outward straight to the enemy's eye and when he wants to cover your weak inward with his strong, at the same time as he is coming, you will turn your hand in a low-thrust, disengaging your point below his guard to the right side; passing with the left foot, you will strike him from second, extending the arm and body as above.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 657: Line 658:
 
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
  
<p>You can still from second guard, having the hand twisted in a low-thrust, extend your point inward opposite of the middle of the enemy's strong, in order to entice him to gain your weak with his strong; having done this you will disengage your point, extending your strong on his weak and passing with the left foot, you will push the same low-thrust to the right shoulder, extending the arm and body before the left foot moves.</p>
+
<p>You can still from second guard, having the hand turned in a low-thrust, extend your point inward opposite of the enemy's strong's middle, in order to entice him to gain your weak with his strong; having performed this you will disengage your point, extending your strong on his weak and passing with the left foot, you will push the same low-thrust to the right shoulder, extending the arm and body before the left foot moves.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 664: Line 665:
 
| <p>'''Article 7'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 7'''</p>
  
<p>Likewise, you can also extend your point outward, the hand twisted in a low-thrust, and the enemy going to gain your weak inward with his strong, at the same time that he advances to cover your weak, you will shoot a low-thrust towards the right eye; and if he goes to parry it, you will at the same time disengage below his guard to the right side, passing with the left foot, having first extended the hand and the body before the left foot steps.</p>
+
<p>Likewise, you can also extend your point outward, the hand turned in a low-thrust, and the enemy trying to gain your weak inward with his strong, at the same time as he advances to cover your weak, you will shoot a low-thrust toward the right eye; and if he tries to parry it, you will at the same time disengage below his guard to the right side, passing with the left foot, having first extended the hand and the body before the left foot steps.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 671: Line 672:
 
| <p>'''Article 8'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 8'''</p>
  
<p>Being in third guard, you can, holding your sword in a high-thrust, extend your point below the middle of the enemy's strong a bit outward from there, you will go cover his weak inward with your strong; and the enemy wanting to shoot a low-thrust outward, you will parry it with firm foot, and at the same time, you will pass with the left foot striking his right shoulder from second, extending the body and arm before moving the foot.</p>
+
<p>Being in third guard, you can, holding your sword in a high-thrust, extend your point below the the enemy's strong's middle a bit outward from there, you will go cover his weak inward with your strong; and the enemy wanting to shoot a low-thrust outward, you will parry it with firm foot, and at the same time, you will pass with the left foot striking his right shoulder from second, extending the body and arm before moving the foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 678: Line 679:
 
| <p>'''Article 9'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 9'''</p>
  
<p>You can likewise go to cover the enemy's sword inward with your strong on the middle of his weak and when he goes to shoot an outward reversal, you will parry him with firm foot, going first, extending at the same time the arm and body; then passing with your left foot, you will strike him from second.</p>
+
<p>You can likewise go to cover the enemy's sword inward with your strong on his weak's middle and when he tries to shoot an outward reversal, you will parry him with firm foot, going first, extending at the same time the arm and body; then passing with your left foot, you will strike him from second.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 685: Line 686:
 
| <p>'''Article 10'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 10'''</p>
  
<p>You can also from second, while twisting your hand in a low-thrust, cover with your strong the middle of the enemy's weak; and in case he shoots a slash inward during this, you will parry it with firm foot, extending your arm and body; and passing with your left foot you will push from fourth a high-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>You can also from second, while turning your hand in a low-thrust, cover with your strong the enemy's weak's middle; and in case he shoots a slash inward during this, you will parry it with firm foot, extending your arm and body; and passing with your left foot you will push from fourth a high-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 692: Line 693:
 
| <p>'''Article 11'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 11'''</p>
  
<p>With your enemy in second guard, you will go into first holding the hand in a low-thrust, you will cover his weak outward with your strong; and if he goes to disengage his point to give you a high-thrust inward, you will parry with the middle of your blade on his weak letting your point drop; then twisting the hand in a low-thrust, you will pass from left foot extending your point below the guard striking his right side.</p>
+
<p>With your enemy in second guard, you will go into first holding the hand in a low-thrust, you will cover his weak outward with your strong; and if he tries to disengage his point to give you a high-thrust inward, you will parry with your blade's middle on his weak letting your point drop; then turning the hand in a low-thrust, you will pass from left foot extending your point below the guard striking his right side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 699: Line 700:
 
| <p>'''Article 12'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 12'''</p>
  
<p>You can also from second go with your body extended, cover the enemy's weak outward with your strong, the hand twisted in a low-thrust passing with the same edge from the left foot to the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>You can also from second go with your body extended, cover the enemy's weak outward with your strong, the hand turned in a low-thrust passing with the same edge from the left foot to the right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 706: Line 707:
 
| <p>'''Article 13'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 13'''</p>
  
<p>You can still put yourself in third, and finding your enemy likewise, going into fourth you will cover the middle of his weak inward with the middle of your strong, having your arm and body extended; then passing the same edge with the left foot you will strike him with a high-thrust to the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>You can still put yourself in third, and finding your enemy likewise, going into fourth you will cover his weak's middle inward with your strong's middle, having your arm and body extended; then passing the same edge with the left foot you will strike him with a high-thrust to the right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 713: Line 714:
 
| <p>'''Article 14'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 14'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in third guard, you can likewise extend your point right below his guard; then collecting your point a bit high, you will beat your strong against his weak, and the enemy going to disengage, you will pass with your left foot, striking him with a high-thrust, beating your right wrist to the shoulder.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in third guard, you can likewise extend your point right below his guard; then collecting your point a bit high, you will beat your strong against his weak, and the enemy trying to disengage, you will pass with your left foot, striking him with a high-thrust, beating your right wrist to the shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 720: Line 721:
 
| <p>'''Article 15'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 15'''</p>
  
<p>Likewise, you can also extend your point inward and the enemy going to cover it, you will collect it at the same time towards you and cut with the middle of your blade above his point; you will pass with the left foot in a high-thrust to the right shoulder.
+
<p>Likewise, you can also extend your point inward and the enemy trying to cover it, you will collect it at the same time toward you and cut with your blade's middle above his point; you will pass with the left foot in a high-thrust to the right shoulder.
 
</p>
 
</p>
 
|  
 
|  
Line 728: Line 729:
 
| <p>'''Article 16'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 16'''</p>
  
<p>You can still extend your point inward below the middle of your enemy's guard, then passing your point below his blade with your hand twisted in a high-thrust, you will cover with the same edge his weak outward with your strong; and if the enemy goes to disengage his point, you will twist your hand in a low-thrust and going into second, you will pass with left foot toward the right shoulder; and if he disengages again, you will quickly twist your hand in a high-thrust, striking his right shoulder in the same action.</p>
+
<p>You can still extend your point inward below your enemy's guard's middle, then passing your point below his blade with your hand turned in a high-thrust, you will cover with the same edge his weak outward with your strong; and if the enemy tries to disengage his point, you will turn your hand in a low-thrust and going into second, you will pass with left foot toward the right shoulder; and if he disengages again, you will quickly turn your hand in a high-thrust, striking his right shoulder in the same action.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 735: Line 736:
 
| <p>'''Article 17'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 17'''</p>
  
<p>Finding the enemy in fourth guard, you can likewise holding the hand in high-thrust to carry your point outward below his blade; and from there, with the same high-thrust collecting your point to yourself, you can cut on his presenting a high-thrust straight towards the head so that he goes to parry; performing this you will go at the same time twisting your hand in a low-thrust and passing the left foot with the same edge, you will strike him to the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>Finding the enemy in fourth guard, you can likewise holding the hand in high-thrust to carry your point outward below his blade; and from there, with the same high-thrust collecting your point to yourself, you can cut on his presenting a high-thrust straight toward the head so that he tries to parry; performing this you will go at the same time turning your hand in a low-thrust and passing the left foot with the same edge, you will strike him to the right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 742: Line 743:
 
| <p>'''Article 18'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 18'''</p>
  
<p>If the enemy goes from fourth to cover your sword inward, you will collect your point to yourself, and cutting with the correct edge over his point, you will present the high-thrust towards his right eye; and the enemy going to parry outward, you will disengage the point of your sword below his elbow and, passing at the same time with your left foot, you will grab his right shoulder. Note that when cutting, the body should be extended.</p>
+
<p>If the enemy goes from fourth to cover your sword inward, you will collect your point to yourself, and cutting with the correct edge over his point, you will present the high-thrust toward his right eye; and the enemy trying to parry outward, you will disengage the point of your sword below his elbow and, passing at the same time with your left foot, you will grab his right shoulder. Note that when cutting, the body should be extended.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 749: Line 750:
 
| <p>'''Article 19'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 19'''</p>
  
<p>Finding your enemy in third guard, you can put yourself in fourth holding the hand in low-thrust, your point outward; and the enemy going to cover your weak outward, you will twist your hand in high-thrust, and beating with your wrist, you will pass from the left foot outward to the right shoulder. This passing, you can do it while the enemy comes to the subjection of your sword.</p>
+
<p>Finding your enemy in third guard, you can put yourself in fourth holding the hand in low-thrust, your point outward; and the enemy trying to cover your weak outward, you will turn your hand in high-thrust, and beating with your wrist, you will pass from the left foot outward to the right shoulder. This passing, you can perform it while the enemy tries the subjection of your sword.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 756: Line 757:
 
| <p>'''Article 20'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 20'''</p>
  
<p>If being in first guard and the enemy in third, and he presents you with a high-thrust going in fourth below your guard to the right side, following his point with your strong, you will lower your point below his guard twisting your hand in low-thrust and you will pass with the left foot striking to his right side.</p>
+
<p>If being in first guard and the enemy in third, and he presents you with a high-thrust going in fourth below your guard to the right side, following his point with your strong, you will lower your point below his guard turning your hand in low-thrust and you will pass with the left foot striking to his right side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 763: Line 764:
 
| <p>'''Article 21'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 21'''</p>
  
<p>Finding your enemy in third or fourth, you can from the same guard, extend your point below the enemy's guard; then collecting your point a bit above, you will gain the middle of his weak inward from the middle of your strong; and when the enemy goes to press against you, you will disengage below his guard outward to the right shoulder passing with the left foot.</p>
+
<p>Finding your enemy in third or fourth, you can from the same guard, extend your point below the enemy's guard; then collecting your point a bit above, you will gain his weak's middle inward from your strong's middle; and when the enemy tries to press against you, you will disengage below his guard outward to the right shoulder passing with the left foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 770: Line 771:
 
| <p>'''Article 22'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 22'''</p>
  
<p>Still being in the same guard, you can go cover the enemy's weak with your strong, and he is going to shoot a reversal outward to you, you will parry him with firm foot with the body extended, and you will shoot a low-thrust to his right shoulder passing with the left foot.</p>
+
<p>Still being in the same guard, you can go cover the enemy's weak with your strong, and he is trying to shoot a reversal outward to you, you will parry him with firm foot with the body extended, and you will shoot a low-thrust to his right shoulder passing with the left foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 777: Line 778:
 
| <p>'''Article 23'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 23'''</p>
  
<p>You can still gain the enemy's weak with your strong going into second having the hand twisted in low-thrust; and when the enemy is going to shoot an inward slash to you, you will parry him with firm foot with your body extended, and you will at the same time shoot a high-thrust to his right shoulder passing with your left foot. Be warned that no passing is performed except on the crossing of the body or the advance of the enemy's foot, otherwise one will run into danger.</p>
+
<p>You can still gain the enemy's weak with your strong going into second having the hand turned in low-thrust; and when the enemy is trying to shoot an inward slash to you, you will parry him with firm foot with your body extended, and you will at the same time shoot a high-thrust to his right shoulder passing with your left foot. Be advised that no passing is performed except on the crossing of the body or the advance of the enemy's foot, otherwise one will run into danger.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 784: Line 785:
 
| <p>'''Article 24'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 24'''</p>
  
<p>You can still, with the same guard, extend your point below the middle of the weak of the enemy's sword; and when he is going to shoot a high-thrust inwards towards your right shoulder, you will parry him with a retreat of the left foot backward, raising his sword inward with the strong of yours; and at the same time passing with the left foot, you will give him a low-thrust below his guard to the right side.</p>
+
<p>You can still, with the same guard, extend your point below the enemy's sword's weak's middle; and when he is trying to shoot a high-thrust inward toward your right shoulder, you will parry him with a retreat of the left foot backward, raising his sword inward with the strong of yours; and at the same time passing with the left foot, you will give him a low-thrust below his guard to the right side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 791: Line 792:
 
| <p>'''Article 25'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 25'''</p>
  
<p>You can still hold the sword point outward below the middle of the enemy's strong, and when he is going to shoot a low-thrust at you outward, you will parry him with a retreat with your left foot, covering his weak with your strong inward, raising it at the same time; and passing with the left foot you can give a low-thrust below his sword guard to his right side.</p>
+
<p>You can still hold the sword point outward below the enemy's strong's middle, and when he is trying to shoot a low-thrust at you outward, you will parry him with a retreat with your left foot, covering his weak with your strong inward, raising it at the same time; and passing with the left foot you can give a low-thrust below his sword guard to his right side.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 799: Line 800:
 
| <p>'''Article 26'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 26'''</p>
  
<p>You can still put yourself in high third with your hand in high-thrust a bit crossed inward holding the point outward, and the enemy going to shoot you a high-thrust from high fourth inward, you will not parry him with the sword, thus only breaking the measure, retiring the left foot backward, and stealing or lowering the body at the same time; then you will push a low-thrust below his guard to the right side passing the left foot forward.</p>
+
<p>You can still put yourself in high third with your hand in high-thrust a bit crossed inward holding the point outward, and the enemy trying to shoot you a high-thrust from high fourth inward, you will not parry him with the sword, thus only breaking the measure, retiring the left foot backward, and stealing or lowering the body at the same time; then you will push a low-thrust below his guard to the right side passing the left foot forward.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
  
Line 827: Line 828:
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>Finding your enemy in second third or fourth, and that you can gain the middle of his weak by covering him with the middle of your strong, you will perform a call retiring the left foot a bit, leaving very little to follow the right; and with the enemy going to advance the foot or the body to gain measure, you will resolutely push at the same time as he moves, a high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
+
<p>Finding your enemy in second third or fourth, and that you can gain his weak's middle by covering him with your strong's middle, you will perform a call retiring the left foot a bit, leaving very little to follow the right; and with the enemy trying to advance the foot or the body to gain measure, you will resolutely push at the same time as he moves, a high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 835: Line 836:
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>Being in third or high fourth, and when the enemy goes into guard position in your presence, you will push at the same time that he wants to cross, a high-thrust to the right shoulder, with a firm foot.</p>
+
<p>Being in third or high fourth, and when the enemy tries to plant in guard in your presence, you will push at the same time as he wants to cross, a high-thrust to the right shoulder, with a firm foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 843: Line 844:
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p>Being in the same guard and when you have gained the exact measure, if the enemy still wants to gain a step at the same time that he raises his foot, you will resolutely push a high-thrust to the right shoulder surprising his raised foot; and with this, he will neither be able to countertime nor riposte.</p>
+
<p>Being in the same guard and when you have gained the exact measure, if the enemy still wants to gain a step at the same as that he raises his foot, you will resolutely push a high-thrust to the right shoulder suddenly surprising him; and with this, he will neither be able to countertime nor riposte.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 851: Line 852:
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p>Being in the exact measure, and when the enemy with his legs widened wants to approach with the left foot towards the right, you will shoot at the same time as he raises his foot a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot to surprise him.</p>
+
<p>Being in the exact measure, and when the enemy with his legs widened wants to approach with the left foot toward the right, you will shoot at the same time as he raises his foot a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot to surprise him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 867: Line 868:
 
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
  
<p>Being still in the same guard and in long measure, if the enemy happens to twist in presence, you will shoot a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder at the same time as he raises his right foot to rotate; this can be taken whether the enemy is stepping in or out.</p>
+
<p>Still being in the same guard and in long measure, if the enemy happens to turn in presence, you will shoot a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder at the same time as he raises his right foot to rotate; this can be taken whether the enemy is stepping in or out.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 877: Line 878:
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p>When you have gained with the middle of your strong the middle of the weak of the enemy's sword, and being both in exact measure, if the enemy happens to disengage his point to disengage in presence, you will shoot at the same time a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
+
<p>When you have gained with your strong's middle the enemy's sword's weak's middle, and being both in exact measure, if the enemy happens to disengage his point to disengage in presence, you will shoot at the same time a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 885: Line 886:
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p>Being in high third and when the enemy having gained your weak with his strong, and you want to shoot a high-thrust to the right shoulder, at the same time that he abandons the sword, you will push with counter-time to the right shoulder.</p>
+
<p>Being in high third and when the enemy having gained your weak with his strong, and you want to shoot a high-thrust to the right shoulder, at the same time as he abandons the sword, you will push with counter-time to the right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 893: Line 894:
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>If being in third or high fourth guard, your enemy is trying to perform some feint inward or outward with beating of the foot and hand, at the same time as he performs this movement, you will push a high-thrust with firm foot to the right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 901: Line 902:
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>On the aforementioned guards you can again cover the enemy's sword inward with your strong on his weak to oblige him to disengage; when the enemy is performing and is trying to shoot a low-thrust at you from second outward, at the same time you will disengage your point to go to the right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 909: Line 910:
 
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>You can also gain the enemy's sword with your strong to his weak outward; and when the enemy is disengaging his point inward to subdue you, you will at the same time disengage your sword, shooting a low-thrust from second to his right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being both in third and in exact measure, you will go with your strong to gain the enemy's weak; which wanting at this time to retire his own sword in your presence, at the same movement, you will push a resolute high-thrust to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>All these times can be performed as much from high-thrust as from low-thrust, depending on how you will assess the proper occasion to your design.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 919: Line 924:
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>Finding first your enemy in high third, you will go from second to gain his weak's middle with your strong's middle; and when he is trying to shoot you a high-thrust inward, you will turn the hand in high-thrust striking with counter-time inward to his right shoulder. But note that with all counter-time, it is necessary that the hand and the body be extended before the foot steps, and that it is fitting to execute these cuts well so that your strong in parrying passes over the enemy's weak.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 927: Line 932:
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>Being in high third and the enemy having gained your weak with his strong, and you want to shoot a high-thrust to the right shoulder, at the same time as he abandons the sword, you will push from counter-time to the right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 935: Line 940:
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>Your enemy being in high third and you in low, you will hold your point below his blade around his strong's middle; and if he shoots with a high-thrust inward, you will leave in counter-time to the right shoulder in the manner from above.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 943: Line 948:
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
  
<p></p>
+
<p>You can also hold your point outward below the enemy's sword's strong's middle and if the enemy shoots a second low-thrust outward at you, disengage your sword, you'll shoot a high-thrust at him in counter-time to the right shoulder in the manner as above.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 4 The counter-time to the head.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If the enemy is trying to gain your weak inward with his strong and when he wants to shoot a high-thrust to your right shoulder, abandoning your sword, you will push in counter-time straight to the head passing your strong on his weak.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also hold your sword outward with the point below the enemy's guard; while trying to shoot a high-thrust to your body, you will push with counter-time straight to the head with firm foot, passing the strong of your sword on the enemy's weak.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Be advised not to shoot counter-time, except if the enemy is already committed with the arm extended.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 +
  
  
Line 963: Line 989:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
  
|-  
+
|-
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
<p>If being in high third holding your sword point toward your enemy's right eye, and when he goes for the second time to subdue your sword with his strong on your weak inward pressing forcefully against it, at the at the same time as he presses, you will disengage your sword below his guard pushing outward to the right side with firm foot.</p>
{{master subsection end}}
+
|  
 +
|-
  
{{master subsection begin
+
|-
| title = Chapter 9 - On the use of the free hand.
+
|  
| width = 90em
+
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
<p>Still being in the same guard holding your sword point outward, if the enemy tries to subdue your sword outward, as soon as you feel that he presses your sword with his, you can disengage your point pushing a high-thrust to the right shoulder inward with firm foot.</p>
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
|-
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
|-
{{master subsection end}}
+
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also go subdue the enemy's sword by covering it with your strong on his weak; and at the same time that you feel that he is performing strongly to resist the opposition, you will disengage your point below his guard pushing a high-thrust with firm foot to the right side.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
  
{{master subsection begin
+
|-
| title = Chapter 10 - On sword-taking and its remedy.
+
|  
| width = 90em
+
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
<p>Wanting to perform the same subjection outward, as soon as the enemy presses to resist with his sword against yours, you will disengage your point at the same time, pushing from high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
|-
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
|-
{{master subsection end}}
+
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
  
{{master subsection begin
+
<p>If the enemy is trying to gain your sword by turning or rotating inward or outward depending on what you can notice, you will push a high-thrust or a low-thrust at him, depending on what you prefer, at the same time as he raises the foot to rotate.</p>
| title = Chapter 11 - The gainings<ref>Gannance is a loanword derived from the Spanish word "ganancia", which means "gain". It is used to describe a situation where your blade is used to restrict the opponent's blade movement. Credit to Tim Riviera for the explanation.</ref> or the subjections of the sword.
+
|  
| width = 90em
+
|-
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
|-
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
<p>If you are finding both in short measure, with the enemy trying to cover your sword by pressing or forcing it either with firm foot or with raised foot, you will let go at the same time his own striking it with a high-thrust to the right side outward or inward, whichever you think is most appropriate.</p>
{{master subsection end}}
+
|  
 +
|-
  
{{master subsection begin
 
| title = Chapter 12 - Slashes<ref>The Spanish word "cortar" simply means "to cut".</ref>, reversals, and their remedies.
 
| width = 90em
 
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,047: Line 1,050:
  
 
{{master subsection begin
 
{{master subsection begin
  | title = Chapter 13 - Single sword play in mathematics form.
+
  | title = Chapter 9 - On the use of the free hand.
 
  | width = 90em
 
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
Line 1,053: Line 1,056:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
  
|-  
+
|-
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
| <p>'''Section 1 Lessons of the hand.'''</p>
| class="noline" |
+
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
  
|}
+
<p>Your enemy being in third or high fourth, you will lodge your sword inward; from there, you will shoot a feint outward over his guard; and in case he tries to parry the feint, at the same time you will lodge your left hand on his weak one in order to keep his point out of your presence; disengaging your point below his guard, you will strike his right side with firm foot. Be advised that for all feints where the hand assists, it is necessary in performing the feint that the right foot advances and the left tries to join it. But when you shoot the real high-thrust, you will perform it with firm foot.</p>
{{master subsection end}}
+
|  
 +
|-
  
{{master subsection begin
+
|-
| title = Chapter 14 - Discourse and advice of the single sword play, both for gaining land and other required subtleties.
+
|  
| width = 90em
+
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
<p>Finding the enemy camped in second or high third, you will hold your point inward; from there, going in second, you will push a low-thrust outward to his blade's middle; when he is wanting to parry it, you will jerk with your left hand to his weak, disengaging at the same time your point below his elbow striking with a low-thrust inward to his right shoulder with firm foot as above.</p>
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
|-
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
 
{{master subsection end}}
 
  
{{master subsection begin
+
|-
| title = Chapter 15 - Rule to avoid being surprised on the time of the foot.
+
|  
| width = 90em
+
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
}}
+
 
{| class="master"
+
<p>If being in second guard, as the enemy will want the same to come with the hand in low-thrust to gain your weak outward with his strong, you can at the same time beat his weak outward with the hand; in passing your sword below his guard, you will push from high-thrust inward with firm foot to the right shoulder.</p>
|-
+
|
! <p>Illustrations</p>
+
|-
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
|-
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
<p>You can also from the same guard or from high third hold your point toward the enemy's right eye, who meanwhile is trying to gain your weak inward with his strong, you will beat his point with your left hand inward pushing at the same time a high-thrust below his guard to his right side with firm foot.</p>
{{master subsection end}}
+
|  
 +
|-
  
{{master subsection begin
+
|-
| title = Chapter 16 - Single sword play against sword and dagger.
+
|  
| width = 90em
+
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
<p>The enemy being in second or high third holding his point straight, you can hold your point below his guard outward; and at the same time that your enemy moves his foot to advance, you will lead his point outward with your hand; disengaging your point inward at the same time, you will push from low-thrust inward to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
|-
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
|-
{{master subsection end}}
+
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
  
{{master subsection begin
+
<p>You can also hold your point below the enemy's strong's middle, and from there, push a second low-thrust outward; and with the enemy trying to parry, enter with your foot such that you nearly come guard to guard, you will disengage at this time your point below his arm, securing with the hand on his weak, pushing the low-thrust inward without moving the right foot. This lesson can be executed as soon as you shoot the low-thrust nearly to the guards, or else as the enemy shoots.</p>
| title = Chapter 17 - On the short sword.
+
|
| width = 90em
+
|-
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
|-
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
| <p>'''Article 7'''</p>
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
<p>Finding the enemy still in high third, first or second, and when he tries to cover your weak with his strong, you will shoot at the same time an outward reversal; when the enemy wants to parry strongly, you will disengage your point below his arm, and securing with your left hand on his weak, you will push at the same time a low-thrust with firm foot to the right shoulder.</p>
{{master subsection end}}
+
|  
 +
|-
  
{{master subsection begin
+
|-
| title = Chapter 18 - On the use of the cloak.
+
|  
| width = 90em
+
| <p>'''Article 8'''</p>
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
<p>You can also from high third hold your point inward in order to invite the enemy to go cover it; performing so, you will disengage with a call of the left foot backward; and the enemy wanting to continue a low-thrust outward, you will shoot a high-thrust inward to the right shoulder accompanying at the same time the hand.</p>
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
|-
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
|-
{{master subsection end}}
+
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 9'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can still go to cover the enemy's sword with your strong to his weak; and when he is wanting to pass over you from low-thrust outward, at the same time turning your hand into low-thrust, you will change your point with a retreat of the left foot backward, letting the right follow, and with your hand leading his point outward, you will push from second to the right shoulder without moving the foot.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
  
{{master subsection begin
+
|-
| title = Chapter 19 - The grapples of the single sword.
+
|  
| width = 90em
+
| <p>'''Article 10'''</p>
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
|-
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 
  
|-  
+
<p>The enemy being in high third or in second, you will hold your sword point below his; and if he wants to pass inward, you will turn the hand in low-thrust; and with the hand leading his sword outward, you will push at the same time a low-thrust to the right shoulder, retiring the left foot backward, letting the right follow a bit.</p>
| class="noline" |  
+
|  
| class="noline" |
+
|-
| class="noline" |
 
  
|}
+
|-
{{master subsection end}}
+
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 11'''</p>
  
{{master subsection begin
+
<p>Being both in third and in short measure, and with the enemy wanting to shoot a low-thrust outward, you will parry it from second in low-thrust; and the said enemy redoubling from second carrying his point in low-thrust to the right side below your guard, you will let your hand go in low-thrust; and leading his point at the same time outward, you will push the low-thrust to the right shoulder, retiring the left foot backward letting the right follow.</p>
  | title = Chapter 20 - Against the left-hander.
+
|
  | width = 90em
+
|-
}}
+
 
{| class="master"
+
|-
|-  
+
|
! <p>Illustrations</p>
+
| <p>'''Article 12'''</p>
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
 
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
+
<p>You can also hold your point below the enemy's guard, and when he is trying to pass in high-thrust with the left foot inward, you will parry his point with the hand inward and turning your sword at the same time in low-thrust, you will push from second below his guard to the right side, retiring the left foot a bit backward, letting the right follow. All the above lessons can be executed, both in passing and with firm foot.</p>
 
+
|
|-  
+
|-
| class="noline" |  
+
 
| class="noline" |  
+
|-
| class="noline" |  
+
|
 
+
| <p>'''Section 2 Remedy against those who beat the sword with the hand.'''</p>
|}
+
 
{{master subsection end}}
+
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 
+
 
{{master end}}
+
<p>If being in high third or in second and when holding your point in a straight line, the enemy tries to beat it with his hand inward, you can at the same time avoid<ref>"Derobement" is a modern fencing term to mean avoiding an entrapment of some sort.</ref> him, disengaging it below his left arm, hitting him with a low-thrust or high thrust to the left side.</p>
 
+
|
{{master begin
+
|-
  | title = Sword and Dagger Play
+
 
  | width = 100%
+
|-
}}
+
|
{{master subsection begin
+
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
  | title = Chapter 1 - First the dagger parries.
+
 
  | width = 90em
+
<p>Likewise, when the enemy is trying to beat your sword inward with the hand, you can still (disengaging your point below his left arm) hit him with a low-thrust below his arm to the left shoulder.</p>
}}
+
|
{| class="master"
+
|-
|-  
+
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
+
|-
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
+
|
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
+
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 
+
 
|-  
+
<p>You can still from the same guard, while the enemy tries to lead your point outward with his hand disengage it below his left arm, inward, striking him with a high-thrust to the left side.</p>
| class="noline" |  
+
|
| class="noline" |  
+
|-
| class="noline" |  
+
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 10 - On sword-takings and their remedy.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 1 The sword-takings.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being in third guard, holding your point inward opposite of the enemy's strong's middle, you can from there, going in second, shoot a low-thrust outward; and with the enemy trying to parry it with the low-thrust, you will pass with the left foot forward in having grabbed his guard, you will snatch it with the hand turning it above with his fist below. Be advised to stay with your sword in low-thrust until you have performed the taking.
 +
 
 +
This lesson, you can perform it whether you shoot the low-thrust or the enemy shoots it to you.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also holding in low third hold your point below the enemy's sword; who wanting to pass over you with a high-thrust, or to shoot with firm foot, you will parry it with firm foot inward; and at the same time you will put your left hand on his guard, and with the force of your sword's parry, you will pull<ref>"Tirer" is normally translated as "shoot" but in this case I believe "pull" makes more sense.</ref> it out of his hand.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can still hold your point below the enemy's guard inward, and finding his a bit high, you will disengage below his guard to the arm joint outward; the point a bit inward from the arm, to better to cross it; and at the same time you will lead his sword outward with your hand, below your sword, so that he is compelled to leave the sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can still gain the enemy's weak with your strong inward, shooting a high-thrust to the right shoulder; and if in parrying he performs very forcefully inward, you will step with the left foot and will go to the taking of his guard striking him where you will find an opening.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also cover the weak of the enemy's sword with your strong inward, and the enemy wanting to pass over you outward, you will parry him in low-thrust retiring the right foot toward the left, removing the body; and at the same time, you will perform the taking to his guard and then push where you will find an opening.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being in high third or second, you can lodge your point below his guard; and when he is trying to pass with the left foot inward, you will parry him with firm foot, and at the same time, you will perform the take to his guard with the left hand; and if he shoots with a firm foot, you will perform the taking [by] passing with the left foot.
 +
 
 +
Note that if the enemy passes with the left foot forward, you will perform the take with firm foot, and if he pushes with firm foot, you will perform the taking by passing with the left foot.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 2 The remedy against those who go to the guard-takings.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If, being in second guard, you have shot a low-thrust outward, and the enemy parries it likewise, and at the same time he passes with the left foot to seize your guard with his hand, you will retire your right foot at the same time with a step backward, holding the sword in first, then advancing your left arm to put the hand on his guard.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If, having shot a high-thrust inward toward the enemy's right shoulder, he tries to it parry inward having his hand turned in high-thrust, and when he passes at the same time over you wanting to seize your guard with his left hand, you will immediately pull your right foot and the sword hand backward, advancing your left arm to put your hand on his guard.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If the enemy shoots a large low-thrust at you outward in the time of the foot and at the same time passes with the left foot advancing his arm to seize your guard, you will retire your right foot at the same time with a step backward, retiring at the same time the sword arm in second, advancing the left arm to put the hand at his guard.
 +
 
 +
These remedies against the takings can be dared against those who rely on their strength to always want to seize the guard; and thus, a little man will prevent a big one from having advantage over him.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 11 - The gainings<ref>Gannance is a loanword derived from the Spanish word "ganancia", which means "gain". It is used to describe a situation where your blade is used to restrict the opponent's blade movement. Credit to Tim Riviera for the explanation.</ref> or the subjections of the sword.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being in high third or in second, you can lodge your point below his strong's middle; and at the same time as he moves his front foot or approaches with his back foot, you will cover his weak with your strong in order to hold him subject and carry the high-thrust from fourth to his right shoulder inward if you find it appropriate.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy still being in the same guard as above, at the same time that the enemy moves his foot, you will cover his sword with your strong to his weak outward, advancing the right foot, letting the left follow; and from there, you can, with a low-thrust outward or with a good high-thrust, shoot a stab to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Having also covered the enemy's sword with your strong to his weak inward, and when he disengages outward in retiring, you will pursue with two steps forward by reloading outward; and if he disengages again inward while retiring, you will still pursue him inward until you have gained the measure, to shoot [him].</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If the enemy has gained your weak with his strong inward, and he wants to shoot a high-thrust from there at you, at the same time as he raises his foot to shoot, you will collect your strong from his weak, stepping with your right foot inward and joining the left, then you will shoot a high-thrust from fourth to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you have gained the enemy's weak with your strong, and when he wants by retiring to regain your weak outward, you will also always disengage the same inward advancing the right foot forward letting the left follow; and so you will pursue him, always subduing his sword, until you have gained measure to strike him where you will find it fitting.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you are in high third or in second holding your point toward the enemy's eye, and when he is in low third or fourth holding his point below your guard to come and gain your weak with his strong inward by raising the foot, you can counter-disengage with firm foot collecting at the same time your strong to his weak and thus push a high-thrust to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 7'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If both still being in the same guard as above, the enemy tries to raise his sword to cover yours with his strong to your weak, at the same time retiring the left foot backward letting the right follow, you will lower your point below his guard; and if he goes again to gain measure, at the same time as he moves, you will cover his sword with your strong to his weak inward, advancing the right foot and joining the left, to push a high-thrust to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 8'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy having gained your weak with his strong, such that you cannot disengage without risk of receiving, the measure being too short, you will collect your strong from his weak raising your point inward without abandoning his blade, and retiring your left foot backward letting the right follow; then if the enemy again wants to regain your weak, you will push at the same time a high-thrust to the right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>All of these lessons can be performed as well from low-thrust outward or high-thrust inward remembering to always extend your arm and body before moving the foot.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 12 - Slashes<ref>The Spanish word "cortar" simply means "to cut".</ref>, reversals, and their remedies.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 1 The slashes and reversals.'''
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Having gained with your strong the weak of the enemy's sword inward, you will shoot a high-thrust to the right shoulder, advancing the right foot; and if the enemy tries to parry it, you will shoot a reversal outward, raising the left foot in the air; then releasing the said reversal, you will retire the left foot backward, letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Having also gained with your strong's middle the enemy's sword's weak's middle outward, you will shoot from second a low-thrust to the right shoulder; and if the enemy tries to parry it, you will shoot him with a heavy-cut inward raising the left foot in the air when you release the cut, then retiring it backward letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in low third and the enemy in high third and while holding your point below his guard, he tries to extend the body holding his point in a straight line, at the same time as he moves, you will open his sword with your correct edge outward; Entering with the right foot forward, you will shoot a reversal raising the left foot in the air, releasing the cut, and retiring it backward letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being in high third or in second guard, if the enemy tries to envelop<ref> Charger means "to load" but is a synonym of "to subdue" in this context.</ref> your weak with his strong inward, you will shoot at the same time a reversal outward, raising the left foot in the air and retiring it backward by releasing the cut, letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Still being in the same guard and when the enemy tries to shoot a low-thrust outward, you will parry it outward with your same sword edge, shooting him a reversal in the aforementioned manner.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being in high third or second, you can from third shoot him a high-thrust inward passing your blade over the weak of his sword; when he is wanting to parry, you will retire your point a bit toward you, and you will give him a slash below the guard at the arm joint with the left foot raised in the air, retiring it as said.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 7'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also hold yourself in a straight line, and the enemy trying to cover your sword inward, you will collect your point inward; carrying it over his, you will cut a wound on his large arm muscle raising the left foot in releasing the cut, and retiring it.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 8'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can still hold your point below the guard of the enemy's sword; such that in shooting you a high-thrust toward the right shoulder inward, you will parry it likewise with firm foot; then retiring your arm toward you, you will give a reversal to the right side, raising your foot as said.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 9'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Likewise, you can inward<ref>The transcription has "dedans" placed both before, after, and within the every clause.</ref>, when the enemy tries to shoot you with high-thrust inward toward the right shoulder, which you will parry inward, releasing the slash also inward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 10'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in high third or in second, the enemy tries to gain with his strong your weak inward to subdue you, you will shoot him a low-thrust outward toward the head, entering with a large step with the right foot; and in case the enemy parries it, you will force your sword against his to avert his point from your right shoulder; then passing with the left foot, you will shoot a slash inward to the leg.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 11'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also put yourself in third or low fourth holding your point below the enemy sword opposite his strong's middle; and if he tries to shoot a high-thrust inward toward your right shoulder, you will shoot at the same time a high-thrust likewise,<ref>The comma makes more sense after "against him", but I kept it in its original place as the transcription.</ref> against him entering with the right foot, holding the hand well raised to protect the head; and at the same time, passing with the left foot inward, you will shoot a slash inward to his leg<ref>The period is missing in the transcript.</ref></p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 12'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>From the same guards as above, you can also, when the enemy shoots you a high-thrust inward, shoot against him entering with the right foot, raising well the hand to protect the head; from there you will shoot a reversal to the right leg.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 13'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can still from third guard, hold your sword point below the enemy's strong's middle; and if he tries to shoot with a high-thrust inward toward your right shoulder, you will parry by raising his sword; and so you will shoot a slash inward below his guard at the arm joint or to the leg raising the left foot in the air, and retiring it backward, in releasing the cut, letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 14'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also from the same guard as above hold your point below the enemy's sword's strong's middle turning the hand in high-thrust; and if the enemy shoots you a low-thrust outward, you will parry it with the same sword edge, shooting at the same time a reversal outward on his arm's elbow or to the back of his knee, raising the left foot in the air, and retiring it back by releasing the cut letting it follow the right.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 15'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in second guard with the hand turned in low-thrust, the enemy tries to subdue your sword by covering it with his own outward, you will shoot at the same time a slash inward below his sword guard to the arm, accompanied by the legs as above.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 2 The feints of the slashes'''
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Finding you both in second or in high third, you will feint shooting a reversal outward; and at the same time as the enemy goes to parry it, you will release a slash inward raising the left foot in the air then retiring backward letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can still being in the same guard as above feint shooting a slash inward; and if the enemy goes to parry it, you will shoot a reversal outward raising the right foot then retiring it backward, releasing the cut.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being both in second with the hands turned in low-thrust, and the enemy is trying to shoot a slash inward, you will parry it turning the hand in high-thrust; and at the same time, you can shoot him a slash inward with the left foot in the air retiring it backward in releasing the cut.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being both in high third, if the enemy shoots a reversal outward, you will parry him with the same sword edge , and at the same time, you will shoot a reversal on his head raising the left foot, and retiring it in releasing the cut.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Still being in the same guard as above, and the enemy shoots a reversal outward to the back of your knee, at the same time, you will shoot a reversal outward to his head, retiring the left foot behind letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being both in second with the hand in low-thrust and the enemy wanting to shoot a slash inward to your leg at the same time, you will shoot a slash inward to his head, retiring the left foot backward letting the right follow.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Note that all reversals and slashes must be given by raising the left foot; and in releasing the cut, you will retire it backward, letting the right follow, because of the danger that one incurs when giving them in entering with the right foot; also because in giving them, as it is said, the sword offends more with the edge.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You must also take care not to shoot slashes or reversals, unless you have first presented a high-thrust or low-thrust toward the enemy's head or chest so that he is bin this way forced to go to parry it; at which point, you can shoot slashes or reversals where you assess it appropriately.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 3 Remedy against the slashes'''
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Having gained with your strong the enemy's weak's middle and he shoots you a reversal outward, at the same time as he turns his hand for letting the cut go, you will shoot a high-thrust with firm foot to his right shoulder. This is the true remedy to prevent him from being able to use the reversal. And if you have missed this first time for pushing the high-thrust while he is rotating the reversal, you will turn your hand in low-thrust parrying the cut outward and at the same time, you will shoot a low-thrust to his right shoulder</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being both in second for subduing one another's sword, and when the enemy shoots a slash inward, at the same time as he raises his hand to shoot the cut, you will push with firm foot a high-thrust to his right shoulder with your hand up to protect your head. And if you have taken too long to take the time, you will parry it by turning the hand in high-thrust with the your sword's strong; and at the same time; you will shoot a high-thrust to his right shoulder with firm foot.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>And in case you have lost the first and second time, you will parry the reversal or high-thrust by retiring the left foot backward letting the right follow.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>And if he shoots a reversal, you will parry him turning your hand in low-thrust with the your sword's strong outward; if he shoots a slash, you will parry it turning your hand in high-thrust with your sword's strong to his weak; then you will shoot a high-thrust or low-thrust whichever you think is most appropriate.</p>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 13 - Single sword play in mathematics form.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 1 The parries of the mathematics play.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If the enemy shoots you a high-thrust outward, you will parry it with your strong to his weak going in fourth and stepping with your foot outward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If he shoots inward, you will also parry with your strong to his weak stepping inward, arming your body with your sword guard toward the belt.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being both in high guard and the enemy shoots a high-thrust inward, below your guard, to the right side, you will parry with your sword's strong to his weak, letting your sword pass or drop below his while stepping inward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy wanting to shoot a high-thrust below your guard outward, you will also parry it outward with your strong's middle on his weak's middle with your sword's same edge, letting it drop or pass below his while stepping outward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>To put yourself in good defense, you will hold your sword guard raised a palm and a half above your belt, the point low and the body straight. And when you want to attack, you will hold the arm and the body extended.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you want in this play to use the hand, you can perform it in the same way as we have discussed above; which you will perform quite easily as long as the enemy's arm and sword are always extended in a straight line.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 2 The lessons of offense and defense with said mathematics play.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being both in high guard and the enemy wanting to give a high-thrust below your guard to your right side, you will let at the same time your point drop, pushing below his guard with high-thrust or low-thrust.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also go to the subjection of the enemy's sword, covering it with your strong's middle to his weak's middle outward; and the enemy wanting to give you a high-thrust inward, you will let your point drop below his blade pushing him inward a high-thrust below his guard to the right side.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If the enemy has gained the sword inward with his strong to your weak, you will advance your sword very little, and at the same time turning your hand in low-thrust, you will strike likewise to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If having gained the enemy's sword with your strong on his weak inward, he tries to disengage outward, you will push likewise with the correct edge a high-thrust outward to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being with your point below the enemy's sword's strong's middle, a bit outward, he makes some movement, you will push a high-thrust inward along the length of his blade to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also (having gained with your strong the enemy's weak's middle, and that he wants from there, to shoot you a high-thrust below your guard inward), with the same edge let your point drop outward; and at the same time turning your hand in low-thrust, you will likewise push inward to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 7'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can still put yourself in high third, holding your point in a straight line. And if the enemy tries from low third with his strong, to raise your weak outward, in order to push a low-thrust outward down below your guard to the right side, at the same time as he turns his hand in low-thrust to strike you, you will also turn your hand in low-thrust and you will push with the same design a low-thrust outward to his right side below his guard.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 8'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being still in the same guard, the enemy tries to cover your sword with his own's strong inward in order to subdue it, at the same time as he extends his arm, you will turn your hand in low-thrust, striking likewise to his right side below his guard.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 9'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Likewise [if] the enemy is trying again to gain your sword as above, at the same time as he advances, you will push a high-thrust below his guard to his right side with the hand well-raised, in order to protect your head. This lesson, you will be able to execute it even if the enemy does not touch your sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 10'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also cover the enemy's sword with your strong on his weak's middle, then leading his blade inward, you will shoot him a high-thrust or low-thrust outward below his guard to the right side.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 11'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy trying to subdue your sword's weak inward with his strong, and wanting to lead your sword to shoot a high-thrust or low-thrust outward to your right side below your guard, at the same time as he wants to push, you will turn your hand in low-thrust and you will shoot a low-thrust against him below his guard to his right side.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 12'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Finding your point outward below the enemy's guard, you can cut him with high-thrust a stab above his point inward; and at the same time as he wants to parry, you will turn your hand in low-thrust and passing with the left foot, you will give him a low-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 13'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also hold your point inward to the opposite of the enemy's strong's middle. And in case he tries to cover your sword's weak with his strong inward, you will collect your point toward yourself, cutting a stab above his point outward to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 14'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being in high guard and when the enemy tries to subdue your sword's weak with his strong, at the same time as he advances, you will disengage your point below his guard, and you will push him from a straight line a high-thrust outward to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 15'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If on the same guard the enemy tries to subdue your sword's weak with his strong outward, at the same time as he advances the arm to cover your sword, you will disengage your point inward shooting a high-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 16'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being still in the same guard the enemy tries from low to raise your point in order to give you a low-thrust from below your guard, at the same time as he tries to lift your sword, you will disengage the point with this below his guard, and you will push a low-thrust to the right side raising to protect the head.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 3 The feints against the mathematics play.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Having your point below the enemy's sword inward, you will feint beating with the right foot pushing a stab inward toward the right shoulder; and when the enemy is going to parry outward, you will disengage your point below his guard pushing a high-thrust inward to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Holding your point outward, you will feint beating with the right foot with pushing a stab inward toward the right shoulder; and while the enemy wants to parry, you will disengage your point outward below his guard pushing a high-thrust to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in a straight line, the enemy tries to subdue your sword outward turning from the same side, at the same time as he performs forcefully against your sword, you will disengage your point below his guard pushing a high-thrust inward to his right side with the hand raised to protect the head.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy, in order to subdue, holds your sword with his strong to your weak inward, step or rotate outward or inward, at the same time as he goes to gain your sword, you will push a high-thrust below his guard to his ride side.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If he tries to gain your sword inward stepping with the same, at the same time as he presses your sword, you will disengage the point with this below his guard, and you will shoot a stab with the correct edge to his right shoulder outward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 4 To outmaneuver the enemy.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You will hold your guard high with the hand wrist raised, and your sword point low below the enemy's sword's strong's middle; and from there you will make point movements inward and outward, moving only the wrist in order to outmaneuver and to open him so to be able to push your high-thrust to the exposed.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 5 The remedy against the movements or flourishes.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being in high guard with his point lowered below your guard and that from there, he performs movements with his point inward and outward so quickly that your eye is not subtle enough to catch it the first time, at the same time as he moves his point inward, you will lower your point to his blade's middle, stepping inward, and from this manner, you will avoid these movements</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Likewise, you can perform [this] outward, provided that letting lower your point to his blade's middle, you also step outward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 6 The Subjections of the sword.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When the enemy tries to envelop your sword in turning, at the same time, you will counterenvelop turning to the same side as he turns, whether inward or outward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in high guard holding your point lowered below the enemy's guard, he moves the foot or the body in presence, you will go with the right foot forward, letting the left follow, to envelop his sword's middle's weak with your strong's middle inward, turning your blade on the flat, bracing with your guard toward his belt, to prevent the enemy from cutting you with a high-thrust below the guard. And if enveloping his sword, he disengages, you will push a high-thrust with the same edge outward to the right shoulder; and if he does not want to disengage, you will shoot a high-thrust inward to the right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can still put the guard above, also holding your point likewise; and in the time as the enemy moves the foot or the body, you will go with the same edge to envelop his sword's weak's middle from your strong's middle, outward, advancing a step forward with the right foot, letting the left follow. And if having eveloped it he does not want to disengage, you will turn the hand in low-thrust striking likewise outward to his right shoulder. If he disengages, you will push with the correct edge a high-thrust inward to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 7 The slashes.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If the enemy tries to cover or subdue your sword inward, you will shoot at the same time your point to yourself, and you will rotate a slash above his arm raising the left foot, and retiring it backward, releasing the cut, letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy trying still to envelop your sword's weak inward with his strong, at the same time as you feel that he presses against your sword, you will shoot a reversal outward above his head, raising the left foot, and retiring it backward, releasing the cut, letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy trying to envelop your sword's weak outward with his strong, at the same time as he presses to your sword, you will shoot a slash inward to his head, raising the left foot and retiring it backward, releasing the cut, and letting the right follow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy trying still to envelop your sword by subduing it inward, you will feint shooting him a reversal outward, and at the same time you will shoot a slash inward; and if he tries to cover your sword outward, you will feint shooting a slash inward and at the same time you will shoot a reversal outward.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>All slashes and reversals of the ordinary single sword play can also be effective against the mathematics play.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Take care to never turn in the presence of the enemy, as does everyone who plays the mathematics play. And in shooting all sorts of stabs or high-thrusts, advancing always the right foot forward, without moving the left, in the same manner as the ordinary play; and that the hand and the body be always lodged before the foot steps.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 14 - Discourse and advice of the single sword play, both for gaining ground and other required subtleties.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>You will gain ground with the right foot forward, advancing it bit by bit to prevent the enemy from being able to suddenly surprise you. And if you find yourself wide, you will close or aproach with the left foot toward the right, in order to be stronger to reinforce your high-thrust.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>If the enemy pushes a high-thrust, while you want to approach the left foot, you will parry by retiring the left foot backward without moving the right, and thus, you break the measure from two sword palms<ref>Palms is a unit of measurement for length based on the length of a hand.</ref>. Likewise, you will be able to use all sorts of parries.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>If you meet a man both subtle and with such good eye that he knows how to surprise you on the time of the foot, in place of raising the right foot, you will glide it slowly along the ground; and having gained ground, you will push a stab where you will find an opening.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>If the enemy being in third guard with low third and when he wishes to push you a low-thrust inward, you will remedy it by going (gliding the right foot along the ground) to subdue his sword with yours on his own, holding it in the air, without touching his blade; then having gained the short measure, you will push where you will see him exposed.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>If you desire to go envelop the enemy's sword by subduing it, you will have more strength performing it with the arm bent than having extended it; the reason being that the bent arm being near to the body has more strength than being reinforced or extended.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>Being both in short measure, you will take care not to turn in presence of the enemy fearing that he will suddenly surprise you or with the first time.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>When you want to perform movements with your point outward and inward, you will hold your point below the enemy's guard; and holding the arm a bit bent, you can perform the said movements on the blade's middle, turning only the wrist without moving the arm; the reason being that performing these movements in the blade's middle, the enemy will not be able to surprise you at the first time, but performing them toward the guard he would take you.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>If the sun and the wind is great, you will always choose the wind to the right shoulder and the sun to the left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>If you have gained some advantage with ground height, and that the enemy tries to remove it from you, at the same time that you being to turn to regain the advantage, you will turn against it, with the same side that he turns, in gaining the measure. And if then, he turns still in presence, you will push a stab where you will see an opening.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>Being both, straight and masterful, to plant in guard and you have the left foot backward, you will advance it forward crossing the left leg on the right about a foot or so more; then from the back, you will advance your right leg forward, planting yourself on guard, letting strongly the left backward, to better cross the enemy.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>If being in short measure, the enemy wants to turn in presence, you will push a stab at the time that he moves where you will find an opening.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>f the enemy wants to retire in presence, you will turn with the right foot inward, crossing the left leg, and thus you will compel him to lose his advantage.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>If being in the exact measure, the enemy wants to turn advancing the left foot backward, crossing the right leg, you will step at the same time against him with the right foot, crossing the left leg behind, gaining ground. And the enemy still wanting to rotate in presence, you will push a stab where you will find an opening.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>Remember to never turn in the enemy's presence, nor change guard, nor retire the arm, nor perform movements with the feet or sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>Be advised also not to plant in guard in the enemy's presence, for danger of being suddenly taken.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>The best is to always plant first in guard from long measure, and from there, being closed, gain the short.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>The enemy being with the body lowered and the legs widened, holding the left always reinforced backward, with the intention of passing above or below, on the contrary you will hold the body lowered, your legs narrow; and thus you will envelop the enemy's sword's weak with your strong, gaining ground bit by bit, advancing the right foot, having the eye on the lookout to prevent the passing, and taking care that your arm is not extended, being a bit near the body to brace your belly.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
<p>The most subtle means to gain ground is to glide the right foot along it, without raising [the right foot], because he who raises the foot always loses a half-time.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 15 - Rule to avoid being surprised on the time of the foot.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>If, being in short measure the enemy gains ground by advancing the right foot, at the same time as he raises the foot, you will break the measure by retiring the left foot backward; and the enemy wanting to approach the left foot to the right, you will retire at the same time the right foot a bit backward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>Being still in short measure if the enemy performs a call by retiring the left foot backward at the same time, you will follow him a bit with the right foot forward; and if he retires his right foot toward the left, you will approach at the same time your left foot to the right, and in this manner the enemy will not be able to suddenly take you.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>Being both in long measure to enter-and-gain ground, you will gain first by advancing your right foot forward. And if the enemy is slow to gain ground at the encounter, at the same time as he tries to plant himself, you will push a stab to the exposed part.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 16 - Single sword play against sword and dagger.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being in long third having his dagger backward, you will go to the subjection of his sword inward with your strong's middle to his weak's middle; and if he permits the measure, you will push a long high-thrust from his blade to the right shoulder. And if you find an opening below the dagger's limb, you will shoot with high-thrust below it to the left side. And if he advances the dagger while arming himself low, you will shoot your point to yourself cutting him a low-thrust above the dagger's point, to the left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If the enemy puts himself in short third having his dagger advanced and his sword backward, you will always govern your sword outward from his dagger, in order to be able to shoot below it, or above with a low-thrust, or cut well above his dagger's point a high-thrust between the two weapons or otherwise.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If the enemy tries to break your sword with both weapons, you will retire the arm to yourself holding the hand inward on the low-thrust to prevent him from being able to gain the short measure.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Be advised to always hold your point in action, so that the enemy cannot perform some opening with his sword to attack you with his dagger.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you have shot a high-thrust or low-thrust, you will quidkly cover his sword so that he cannot riposte.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 17 - On the short sword.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 1 Short sword play against the long.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you want with a short sword to subdue a long, it is appropriate to envelop the enemy's weak, passing with the left foot forward; and if he disengages his point, you will pursue enveloping him outward, passing the right foot, forward turning the hand in low-thrust, having the body well extended. If he disengages again inward, you will envelop again his sword also inward with the hand turned in high-thrust and the body well extended. This is the mannger of subduing a long sword with a short, although it would only be three quarters<ref>The quarter corresponds to a quarter of an ell. Three quarters are approximately 90 centimeters.</ref> in length.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Be advised that when you go to envelop the enemy's sword, your hand and arm are extended before the back foot steps.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being your enemy in high guard, you will hold the low, your point a bit raised below his blade's middle, the body lowered and reinforced backward, the legs apart from one another to be so much more ready to pass with the left foot. And if the enemy shoots you a high-thrust or low-thrust, you will parry with firm foot; and at the same time passing with the left foot, you will shoot a high-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Be advised performing the parries to perform them with the body extended, leading the enemy sword low.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>These lessons, you will be able to perform them on the time of foot and of the hand, as is more amply declared above in the treatise on the time of the feet and hands.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 2 Remedy against the short sword.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you are with a long sword in high guard, and the enemy [is] with a short in low guard, and when passing with the left foot, he tries to subdue your sword covering it on the weak, you will withdraw at the same time a big step backward; and retiring your arm toward you holding your guard near the body toward the belt, you will disengage your sword below his, or else you will perform fine movements with your point to prevent him from being able to envelop your sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 18 - On the use of the cloak.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 1 Sword and cloak play, both with point and with cut.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being straight with your cloak on the shoulder, you will advance the left hand and grab the cloak toward the middle; then tightening it, you will turn the hand below the left arm wrapping the cloak around the arm and elbow.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>While putting yourself on guard, you will hold the sword in a straight line and the left arm surrounded by the cloak; you will hold near your body the hand above the right arm, so that it is better armed with the sword guard.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Finding the enemy in high third, you will go in low third holding your point below his blade toward his strong's middle. From there, you will cover his sword's weak with your strong inward, and the enemy wanting at this time to shoot a low-thrust outward, you will parry him with your sword pushing at the same time a low-thrust outward to the right shoulder accompanying the cloak on his sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also with the same guard as above go cover the enemy's sword outward; and if at this time he shoots a high-thrust inward, you will parry it with the sword; and at the same time, securing yourself with the cloak on his sword, you will push a high-thrust to his right shoulder inward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being in high third and the enemy in low, and when he shoots you a high-thrust inward, you will parry it with the cloak by leading his sword inward; and at the same time, you will push a high-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being still in the same guard as above and when the enemy shoots a low-thrust at you outward, you will parry with the cloak by leading his sword outward; and at the same time, you will shoot a high-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 2 The slashes of the said play with the cloak.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in high guard and the enemy in low, he shoots you a reversal outward, you will parry with the sword with the hand in low-thrust, then accompanying the cloak on his sword, you will shoot a low-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being still in the same guard as above, and when the enemy shoots you a slash inward, you will parry with the sword with the hand turned in high-thrust; and at the same time, accompanying the cloak on his sword, you will shoot a high-thrust to his right shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
| title = Chapter 19 - The grapples of the single sword.
 +
| width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being in high guard and the enemy in low, and when from there he shoots you a low-thrust or a reversal outward, you will parry by entering with a large step with the right foot forward; and at the same time, moving with the left foot, you will put your left knee from behind to the enemy's back of the knee with the arm and hand in reversal below his throat or to the shoulder giving him the jerk to throw him to the ground.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being still in the same guard if the enemy shoots you a high-thrust or slash inward, you will parry by entering with a large step with the front foot; and at the same time, passing with the left foot, you will put your knee behind his right leg to the back of the knee, and putting the arm and hand in reversal below his throat or to the shoulder, you will give him the jerk.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The grapple can also be performed just as well when you shoot and when the enemy shoots.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
  | title = Chapter 20 - Against the left-hander.
 +
  | width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-  
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Section 1 Single sword play against the left hand.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Having gained with your strong the the enemy's sword's weak, you will be able to shoot a high-thrust outward to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being in high third and when you are in low, having your point lodged below his guard, you will be able from there, to go cover his sword's weak with your strong outward, and thus shoot a high-thrust from the same edge to the left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If, having gained with your strong's middle the enemy's weak outward, he tries to shoot you a low-thrust also outward, you will parry with the same hand turned in low-thrust, and at the same time, you will be able to push a low-thrust inward.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Having also gained with your strong the enemy's sword's weak inward with the hand turned in low-thrust, if he wants to disengage his point inward, you will be able to push a high-thrust outward to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 5'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You will also be able to hold your sword point outward from that of the enemy, and from there, you shoot long from his blade a low-thrust inward to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 6'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you are in a high third with the point in a straight line and the enemy tries to cover your weak with his strong outward, at the same time disengaging your point, you will be able to push a high-thrust below his guard to the left side holding the hand well raised to protect the head.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 7'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If, being still in the same guard as above, the enemy tries to cover your weak with his strong to subdue it outward, at the same time, you will be able to disengage your point, pushing a high-thrust to his left shoulder, quickly withdrawing in fourth.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 8'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If from the same guard, the enemy tries to subdue your sword inward with the hand turned in low-thrust, at the same time disengaging your point inward, you will push a low-thrust inward to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 9'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being in long measure, the enemy in high guard and you in low, holding your point inward, you will be able from there to go and envelop his sword outward by entering with a large step with the right foot forward letting the left follow; then you will push a high-thrust along his blade to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 10'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Finding yourself still in the same measure and guard as above holding your point outward, you will be able to envelop the enemy's sword's weak with your strong inward with the hand turned in low-thrust, entering with a big step with the right foot forward, letting the left follow, and from there, you will push a low-thrust inward to the left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 11'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in high guard the enemy shoots you a reversal outward, you will parry him with your strong with the hand turned in low-thrust, and at the same time, you will push a low-thrust inward to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 12'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being still in high guard the enemy shoots you a slash inward, you will parry with your strong with the hand turned in high-thrust, and at the same time, you will push a high-thrust outward to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 13'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being in high guard and you in low holding your point inward opposite his strong's middle, you will be able from there to shoot a high-thrust outward, and if he goes to parry it, you will shoot a reversal inward to his head.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 14'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being still on guard as above holding your sword outward that of the enemy, you will be able from there to shoot a high-thrust inward; and the enemy going to parry it inward, you will shoot a slash outward to his head.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 15'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in third guard holding your point outward of the enemy's sword, and he wants to try and envelop your weak with his strong inward, you will be able at the same time to shoot your point to yourself, cutting above his own with a slash to his left arm.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 16'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You can also hold your sword in a straight line with your hand crossed inward holding your point outward; and the enemy trying to envelop your sword inward, you will advance it further forward, and at the same time turning the hand in low-thrust, you will push a stab outward to his left shoulder. And if he wanted to shoot while you turn your hand in low-thrust, you will turn it immediately in high-thrust, striking to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 17'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If being in third holding your point inward the enemy's sword, at the same time as he moves his foot, you will push him a low-thrust outward to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|  <p>'''Section 2 The feints against the left-hander.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Article 1'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being in high third and you are in low holding your sword point below the enemy's strong's middle, you will be able from there to feint pushing inward. And if he goes to parry it, you will disengage your point pushing a high-thrust to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 2'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Being in the same guard as above holding your point inward, you will feint beating your right foot to push outward; and if the enemy goes to parry it outward, you will disengage at the same time your point pushing a high-thrust to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 3'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being on high guard, you will be able to show a feint outward; and if he goes to parry it, you will disenggage your point, pushing at the same time, a high-thrust below his guard to his left side.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>'''Article 4'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The enemy being still in the same guard, you will be able to show him a feint inward; and if he goes parry it inward, you will disengage your point pushing a low-thrsut outward to his left shoulder.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>Be advised when you shoot against a left-hander to always step outward, holding also your point outward his sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>If you want to pass it is also always outward his sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>If the left-handed enemy shoots a reversal or slash to the leg, you must retire at the same time a big step with the left foot backward, letting the right follow it, presenting your sword  point to the face.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>Every time, on feet and on hands, you can be effective with them in the same way as performed on right-handers, as can be seen above in the treatise on beats on feet and hands.</p>
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
 
 +
 
 +
|-  
 +
| class="noline" |  
 +
| class="noline" |  
 +
| class="noline" |  
 +
 
 +
|}
 +
{{master subsection end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master end}}
 +
 
 +
{{master begin
 +
  | title = Sword and Dagger Play
 +
  | width = 100%
 +
}}
 +
{{master subsection begin
 +
  | title = Chapter 1 - First the dagger parries.
 +
  | width = 90em
 +
}}
 +
{| class="master"
 +
|-  
 +
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 +
! <p>{{rating}}</p>
 +
! <p>Transcribed by </p>
 +
 
 +
|-  
 +
| class="noline" |  
 +
| class="noline" |  
 +
| class="noline" |  
  
 
|}
 
|}
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{{master subsection begin
 
{{master subsection begin
  | title = Chapter 23 - Rule against those withdrawing that we want to catch off guard while you pursue.
+
  | title = Chapter 23 - Rule against those retiring that we want to suddenly catch while you pursue.
 
  | width = 90em
 
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
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|}
 
|}
 
{{master subsection end}}
 
{{master subsection end}}
 
 
 
{{master end}}
 
{{master end}}
  
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  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title=  
 
  | source title=  
  | license    =  
+
  | license    = uncertain
 +
}}
 +
{{sourcebox
 +
| work        = Translation
 +
| authors    = [[translator::John Tse]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= Wiktenauer
 +
| license    = copyrighted
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Transcription
 
  | work        = Transcription
  | authors    = [[Lionel Lauvernay]], [[Olivier Dupuis]], [[Philippe Errard]], [[Didier de Grenier]]
+
  | authors    = [[Lionel Lauvernay]], [[Olivier Dupuis]], [[Philippe Errard]], [[Didier de Grenier]]
 
  | source link = https://www.ffamhe.fr/sources/LLPH.pdf
 
  | source link = https://www.ffamhe.fr/sources/LLPH.pdf
 
  | source title= Livre des Lecons
 
  | source title= Livre des Lecons
Line 1,710: Line 3,083:
  
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
 +
 +
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==

Latest revision as of 02:42, 18 February 2024

Pedro de Heredia
Spouse(s) unknown
Occupation
  • Governor
  • Captain
  • Fencing master
Nationality Spanish
Movement
Influences Girolamo Cavalcabo
Genres Fencing manual
Language Middle French
Notable work(s) Book of Lessons
Principal
manuscript(s)

Pedro de Heredia is the presumed name of a fencing master who taught young schoolchildren and wrote three French manuscripts. The manuscripts do not contain any attributions, but a catalog description from 25 June 1900 attributed one of the manuscripts to Pedro de Heredia for reasons unknown.[citation needed]

The manuscripts do not contain a title, but the plates in one of the manuscripts refers to the work as Le Livre des Leçons ("The Book of Lessons"). It is a French paraphrase of Girolamo Cavalcabo's Nobilissimo discorso intorno il schermo ("Most Noble Discourse on Defense").

The actual Pedro de Heredia was an early 17th century Spanish servant of the king. He married in 1618 and pursued a military career in the Netherlands. He was a cavalry captain by 1630, and in 1648, he became the governor of Leau (now Zoutleeuw), Netherlands. It is unlikely that de Heredia was a fencing master because of his position.

Contents

Treatises

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. According to Lauvernay, fourniment is the powder case of arquebusiers and musketeers (sometimes extended to all the equipment carried). The word is only used once to indicate a place on the body, probably a bit below the shoulder.
  2. Droit can mean "right" or "correct" (as in not incorrect) or "true".
  3. Volter is an Italian loanword of voltare which means "to turn".
  4. Estocade is the French loanword for the Italian stoccata and is used in this treatise as "supination".
  5. Brocade is the French loanword for the Italian imbroccata and is used in this treatise as "pronation".
  6. Caver is the French loanword for the Italian cavare, which means "to dig or to excavate".
  7. Lit. translated as "right-hands".
  8. Estramaçon is a loanword for the Italian stramazzare which means "to fall heavily". It is also French for greatsword.
  9. Credits to Alan Bloniarz for providing context to the word "garatusa" which is a Spanish card game where one discards their cards to win.
  10. Écarté is the French loanword for the Italian technique "inquartata" and means "discarded"
  11. "Derobement" is a modern fencing term to mean avoiding an entrapment of some sort.
  12. "Tirer" is normally translated as "shoot" but in this case I believe "pull" makes more sense.
  13. Gannance is a loanword derived from the Spanish word "ganancia", which means "gain". It is used to describe a situation where your blade is used to restrict the opponent's blade movement. Credit to Tim Riviera for the explanation.
  14. The Spanish word "cortar" simply means "to cut".
  15. Charger means "to load" but is a synonym of "to subdue" in this context.
  16. The transcription has "dedans" placed both before, after, and within the every clause.
  17. The comma makes more sense after "against him", but I kept it in its original place as the transcription.
  18. The period is missing in the transcript.
  19. Palms is a unit of measurement for length based on the length of a hand.
  20. The quarter corresponds to a quarter of an ell. Three quarters are approximately 90 centimeters.
  21. Chassement means "chasing". In this case, it is the back foot chasing the front. In modern fencing, this is known as advancing.
  22. Crèvement means "to burst or to puncture." In the treatise, it is used to describe breaking guards.