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! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
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! <p>[[De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo)|First Edition]] [Latin] (1476){{edit index|De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf}}<br/>by [[Kendra Brown]]</p>
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! <p>Italian Translation (1521){{edit index|Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
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! <p>Spanish Translation (1544){{edit index|Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
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! <p>English Translation (1580){{edit index|Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)}}<br/>by [[David Kite]]</p>
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{{master subsection begin
 
{{master subsection begin
 
  | title = Book 4 - On Armaments
 
  | title = Book 4 - On Armaments
 
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  | width = 150em
 
}}
 
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{| class="floated master"
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{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
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| <p>'''The fourth book begins, in which is treated the selection of armaments. Chapter 1.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''The fourth book begins, in which is treated the selection of armaments. Chapter 1.'''</p>
  
<p>In the first chapter of the present book, it is written whether the weapons of those who are challenged by pledge of battle should follow the covenant of engagement signed between them (such as lance, sword, dagger, iron-shod mace, or whichever other arms, according to the decision that they should fight). Or it is lawful for each of them to carry, apart from the appointed weapons, other small arms such as knives and stilettos, with which they might prevail if necessary despite not being named or covenanted between them. And similarly, in battle on foot one may bring long weapons and also short weapons (such as bodkins and spikes and similar instruments of battle).</p>
+
<p>In the first chapter of the present book, it is written whether the weapons of those who are challenged by pledge of battle should follow the covenant of engagement signed between them (such as lance, sword, dagger, iron-shod mace, axe,<ref>"Axe" omitted from all editions except the first.</ref> or whichever other arms, according to the decision that they should fight). Or it is lawful for each of them to carry, apart from the appointed weapons, other small arms such as knives and stilettos, with which they might prevail if necessary despite not being named or covenanted between them. And similarly, in battle on foot one may bring long weapons and also short weapons (such as bodkins and spikes and similar instruments of battle).</p>
  
 
<p>However, some are wont to measure the weapons, and others do not care if they be equal. But when the battle is made to the death, every manner of weapon may be carried even if it be not specified in the covenant. And in the case that the challenged had not made a choice of weapons, it will be left to each of the two to carry the weapons that they want for the battle. Because Emperor Federico described in the constitution of the Kingdom of Sicily that the weapons be equal. However, by common custom whichever of them wishes may use whichever weapon seems best (not contravening the pact and covenant between them).</p>
 
<p>However, some are wont to measure the weapons, and others do not care if they be equal. But when the battle is made to the death, every manner of weapon may be carried even if it be not specified in the covenant. And in the case that the challenged had not made a choice of weapons, it will be left to each of the two to carry the weapons that they want for the battle. Because Emperor Federico described in the constitution of the Kingdom of Sicily that the weapons be equal. However, by common custom whichever of them wishes may use whichever weapon seems best (not contravening the pact and covenant between them).</p>
 
<p>And as it is narrated about one of our Neapolitans who, lightly armed, made to carry into the list a certain quantity of smooth, round, and small rocks to cast by hand, which so injured his enemy and in this manner offended him that after the first throws he was overthrown and defeated, just as did the king David to the giant Goliath, who he killed with stones.</p>
 
 
<p>It is also narrated of another knight
 
 
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{{section|Page:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf/110|2|lbl=48r|p=1}} {{section|Page:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf/111|1|lbl=48v|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf/60|4|lbl=19v|p=1}} {{section|Page:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf/61|1|lbl=20r|p=1}}
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| <p>And as it is narrated about one of our Neapolitans who, lightly armed, made to carry into the list a certain quantity of smooth, round, and small rocks to cast by hand, which so injured his enemy and in this manner offended him that after the first throws he was overthrown and defeated, just as did the king David to the giant Goliath, who he killed with stones.</p>
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<p>It is also narrated of another knight, who carried a quantity of javelins into the list, which he placed in the ground at various points, with which he assaulted his opponent whenever he threw one, and then retreated whenever he was attacked, and in this way he remained the victor.</p>
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<p>And because of this it is declared that the enemy should, with all subtle industry and ingenuity, seek to defeat whatever he decides to do against you, and you against him. For to strive with all advantage to work for salvation of life is desired by all generations of animals, but when fighting for love or for vow or for showing virtue, one should continue according to the covenant of the match, or agreement, without any advantage of either side, because the ancient proverb says "For love are great things done, and guard against any advantage that you receive no harm".</p>
 
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<p>It brings to mind two knights who, having pledged for battle, obtained a field from a prince. They had decided an agreement to fight unarmed apart from swords and without any body armor, and with this, each one would show their mettle in defending their cause/right, and in order to defend their lives they would put themselves in a state such that each had the semblance of a raving dragon. Seeing this, on the appointed day [the prince] did not want the battle to be made, seeing that it was more suitable for vile butchers than for valorous knights, and for this work and provision<ref>It: sententiousness</ref> the prince was highly praised. And in a similar case for the worthy prince, he would not permit such a battle except with military weapons, fighting at least partially armored (and partially unarmored).</p>
 
<p>It brings to mind two knights who, having pledged for battle, obtained a field from a prince. They had decided an agreement to fight unarmed apart from swords and without any body armor, and with this, each one would show their mettle in defending their cause/right, and in order to defend their lives they would put themselves in a state such that each had the semblance of a raving dragon. Seeing this, on the appointed day [the prince] did not want the battle to be made, seeing that it was more suitable for vile butchers than for valorous knights, and for this work and provision<ref>It: sententiousness</ref> the prince was highly praised. And in a similar case for the worthy prince, he would not permit such a battle except with military weapons, fighting at least partially armored (and partially unarmored).</p>
  
<p>Combat without all the armaments necessary for military exercise is not pertinent to good knights, and likewise good knights in the field are wont on occasion, in similar endeavors, to exercise their valorous persons in order to show their strength, and to defend their justice. And it is described in Lombard law that battle between knights should not be made with sticks, nor with stones$mdash;unless there be contrary testimonies, then in that hour they should fight with sticks and shields in order to prove which of them had spoken the truth.</p>
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<p>Combat without all the armaments necessary for military exercise is not pertinent to good knights, and likewise good knights in the field are wont on occasion, in similar endeavors, to exercise their valorous persons in order to show their strength, and to defend their justice. And it is described in Lombard law that battle between knights should not be made with sticks, nor with stones&mdash;unless there be contrary testimonies, then in that hour they should fight with sticks and shields in order to prove which of them had spoken the truth.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf/112|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf/113|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf/121|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf/122|1|lbl=122|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS V.b.104 049r.png|1|lbl=49r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS V.b.104 049r.png|1|lbl=49r}}
  
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| <p>'''End of the fourth book'''</p>
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| class="noline" | <p>'''End of the fourth book'''</p>
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| {{section|Page:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf/122|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf/62|3|lbl=-}}
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
  | title = ''De Duello''
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  | title = Copyright and License Summary
 
  | width = 100%
 
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For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
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  | work        = Latin (1476)
 
  | work        = Latin (1476)
  | authors    =  
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  | authors    = [[Kendra Brown]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= {{nowrap|[[Index:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf|Index:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo)]]}}
 
  | source title= {{nowrap|[[Index:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo) 1476.pdf|Index:De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine (Paride del Pozzo)]]}}
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  | work        = Italian (1521)
 
  | work        = Italian (1521)
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  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= [[Index:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf|Index:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo)]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo) 1521.pdf|Index:Duello, libro de re (Paride de Pozzo)]]
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  | work        = Spanish (1544)
 
  | work        = Spanish (1544)
  | authors    =  
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  | authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= [[Index:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf|Index:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo)]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo) 1544.pdf|Index:Libro llamado batalla de dos (Paride del Pozzo)]]
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  | work        = English (1580)
 
  | work        = English (1580)
  | authors    =  
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  | authors    = [[David Kite]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= [[Index:Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)|Index:Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)|Index:Questions of Honor and Arms (MS V.b.104)]]
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== References ==
 
== References ==
  
{{reflist}}
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{{reflist|2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Liberi, Fiore de’i}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pozzo, Paride del}}
 
{{early Italian masters}}
 
{{early Italian masters}}
 
__FORCETOC__
 
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[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Pole Weapons]]
 
[[Category:Staff Weapons]]
 
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Revision as of 22:39, 3 June 2020

Paride del Pozzo
Also known as Paridis de Puteo
Born 1410
Pimonte
Died 1493
Napoli
Resting place Chiesa d'Sant Agostino
Occupation Jurist
Citizenship Neapolitan
Alma mater University of Naples
Patron Alfonso V of Aragon
Influenced Achilles Marozzo
Genres Legal treatise
Language
Notable work(s) De duello (1476)

Paride del Pozzo (called il Puteo; Latin: Paridis or Paris de Puteo) (1410-1493) was 15th century Italian jurist. He was born in Pimonte in the Duchy of Amalfi, from a family of Piedmontese origin.[1] He moved to Napoli early in life, where he began his study of the law; he went on to study at universities in Roma, Bologna, Firenze, and Perugia. Upon his return to Napoli, he entered the service of Alfonso V of Aragon ("the Magnanimous"), king of Napoli, and served in positions including General Auditor and General Inquisitor.

Later in his career, Pozzo wrote and published various legal treatises; perhaps owing to their position at the very beginning of the history of printing, they were reprinted many times over the subsequent century. In 1472-73, he published De syndicatu officialium, a treatise on forensic evidence. He followed this in 1476-77 with De duello, vel De re militari in singulari certamine ("On the Duel, or On Military Matters in Single Combat"). This treatise is particularly important due to its detailed descriptions of dueling laws and customs, which help establish the context of 15th century fighting systems, and also of incidents from specific historical duels, which shed light on how fighting looked in practice.

Pozzo died in 1493 and was buried in the Chiesa d'Sant Agostino in Napoli.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. According to Pietro Giannone, the family was originally from Alexandria, forced to continue moving due to political struggles.
  2. "Axe" omitted from all editions except the first.
  3. accie
  4. It: sententiousness