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| SCHOOL, OR THEATRE
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| class="noline" | <p>'''SCHOOL, OR THEATRE''' In which different manners and methods of parrying and wounding with the single sword and sword and dagger are represented; ''Where every scholar will be able to exercise and become practised in the profession of arms''
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf/5|1|lbl=i}}
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| class="noline" | [http://fechtgeschichte.blogspot.de/2014/08/das-fechtbuch-des-nicolai-giganti-in.html Text to copy over]
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| class="noline" | <p>BY NICOLETTO GIGANTI, VENETIAN, TO THE MOST SERENE DON COSMO DE' MEDICI GREAT PRINCE OF TUSCANY</p>
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In which different manners and methods of parrying and wounding with the single sword and sword and dagger are represented;<br/>
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Where every scholar will be able to exercise and become practised in the profession of arms<br/>
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| <p>''With license and privilege of the Superiors''</p>
BY NICOLETTO GIGANTI, VENETIAN,<br/>
 
TO THE MOST SERENE DON COSMO DE' MEDICI<br/>
 
GREAT PRINCE OF TUSCANY<br/>
 
With license and privilege of the Superiors
 
  
IN VENICE<br/>
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<p>IN VENICE<br/>Printed by Giovanni Antonio and Giacomo de Frenchesi. MDCVI</p>
Printed by Giovanni Antonio and Giacomo de Frenchesi. MDCVI
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| SCOLA, OVERO TEATRO.
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Nelquale sono rappresentate diverse maniere, e modi di parare, e di ferire di Spada sola, e di Spada, e Pugnale;<br/>
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Dove ogni studioso potrà essercitarsi, & farsi prattico nella professione dell’Armi,<br/>
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 02 Medici Arms.png|400x400px|center|Arms of the Medici Family]]
DI NICOLETTO GIGANTI VINITIANO,<br/>
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| <p>'''TO THE MOST SERENE DON COSMO DE MEDICI''' GREAT PRINCE OF TUSCANY my only Lord</p>
AL SERENISS. D. COSMO DE’ MEDICI<br/>
 
GRAN PRINCIPE DI TOSCANA.<br/>
 
Con licenza de’ Superiori, & Privilegio.
 
  
IN VENETIA,<br/>
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<p>Just as iron extracted from the rough mines would be useless if it had not received shape suited to human armies from industrious art, thus the same in the hands of the strong soldier can be of little profit if, accompanied by studious and wise valour, the way is not made clear for every difficult and triumphant success. In this way to a point since the Good Shepherd welcomes the operation, because almost all the noblest things proceeding from our actions receive appropriate material from His hands, which, refined and dignified by the industry of the spirit, achieve miraculous and powerful effects. Now I say that this temperament is wonderfully demonstrated in the excellent and illustrious greatness of Your Most Serene Highness, who holds the natural greatnesses brought back to their peak from the invincible glorious works of your Ancestors, not only in the ancient and royal histories, but reflecting in yourself all the light of the present and past splendour, adorning them with your own virtues so that everyone admires the most divine tempers, and with wonderment says such a Most Serene Lord is no less fitting to that Most Serene State, than such a Most Serene State to that Most Serene Lord. But I will only say that this proposition, just as is demonstrated clearly in all the arts; so it is evidently perceived in exercising arms. Discussing the strength of iron, although it is exercised by a strong arm and agile body, if it is not tuned with observed rules and exercised study it is shown to be perilous and of little valour: Whereas if the art can be known by a wise captain, and he obeys it as a bold minister, they make marvelous prowess of it. You serve us as a clear example, who Heaven had to grant all height of perfect quality as in the most complete illumination of the present age. You who have in the noblest proportion stature, puissance, vigour joined to agility, promptness, and strength, in order to draw with your highest ingenuity the finesse of industry, advice, time, and art that can make you most a complete and Most Illustrious Captain, a Most Serene and most singular Prince.</p>
Appresso Gio. Antonio, & Giacomo de Franceschi. MDCVI.
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 02 Medici Arms.png|200px|center|Arms of the Medici Family]]
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| TO THE MOST SERENE DON COSMO DE MEDICI GREAT PRINCE OF TUSCANY my only Lord
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| <p>Wherefore I, recognizing and admiring with humblest affection the mature splendour of your newly made and happy years, and reading in the face of the world the secure hopes and fruits of the future age, adoring that hand from which Italy and the entire world is taking safe rest and glorious protection, to that I offer and consecrate with humble dedication this small, I will certainly not say fruit, but work of my labours. Therefore, it only must please you, being of material welcomed by you which deigns to bend your Most Serene eye. To that end, let many of your highest rays pass over where the baseness of my ingenuity with the exercise of this art that I have dealt with for 27 years does not arrive. Let this work, in itself humble, present itself happily to the view of the World. It will be effected with the action of my devotion, together with the fruit of your Most Serene mercy, who serving being the full glory, I pray that Heaven makes me a worthy, even lowest servant. In Venice February 10, 1606</p>
 
 
Just as iron extracted from the rough mines would be useless if it had not received shape suited to human armies from industrious art, thus the same in the hands of the strong soldier can be of little profit if, accompanied by studious and wise valour, the way is not made clear for every difficult and triumphant success. In this way to a point since the Good Shepherd welcomes the operation, because almost all the noblest things proceeding from our actions receive appropriate material from His hands, which, refined and dignified by the industry of the spirit, achieve miraculous and powerful effects. Now I say that this temperament is wonderfully demonstrated in the excellent and illustrious greatness of Your Most Serene Highness, who holds the natural greatnesses brought back to their peak from the invincible glorious works of your Ancestors, not only in the ancient and royal histories, but reflecting in yourself all the light of the present and past splendour, adorning them with your own virtues so that everyone admires the most divine tempers, and with wonderment says such a Most Serene Lord is no less fitting to that Most Serene State, than such a Most Serene State to that Most Serene Lord. But I will only say that this proposition, just as is demonstrated clearly in all the arts; so it is evidently perceived in exercising arms. Discussing the strength of iron, although it is exercised by a strong arm and agile body, if it is not tuned with observed rules and exercised study it is shown to be perilous and of little valour: Whereas if the art can be known by a wise captain, and he obeys it as a bold minister, they make marvelous prowess of it. You serve us as a clear example, who Heaven had to grant all height of perfect quality as in the most complete illumination of the present age. You who have in the noblest proportion stature, puissance, vigour joined to agility, promptness, and strength, in order to draw with your highest ingenuity the finesse of industry, advice, time, and art that can make you most a complete and Most Illustrious Captain, a Most Serene and most singular Prince.<br/>
 
Wherefore I, recognizing and admiring with humblest affection the mature splendour of your newly made and happy years, and reading in the face of the world the secure hopes and fruits of the future age, adoring that hand from which Italy and the entire world is taking safe rest and glorious protection, to that I offer and consecrate with humble dedication this small, I will certainly not say fruit, but work of my labours. Therefore, it only must please you, being of material welcomed by you which deigns to bend your Most Serene eye. To that end, let many of your highest rays pass over where the baseness of my ingenuity with the exercise of this art that I have dealt with for 27 years does not arrive. Let this work, in itself humble, present itself happily to the view of the World. It will be effected with the action of my devotion, together with the fruit of your Most Serene mercy, who serving being the full glory, I pray that Heaven makes me a worthy, even lowest servant. In Venice February 10, 1606<br/>
 
Of Your Most Serene Highness
 
  
A most humble and devoted servant<br/>
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:Of Your Most Serene Highness,
Nicoletto Giganti, Master of Arms
 
| AL SERENISSIMO DON COSMO DE MEDICI GRAN PRINCIPE DI TOSCANA unico mio Signore.
 
  
Si come il ferro dalle rigide minere sotratto inutile riuscirebbe, se dall’arte industre non riceveste forma accommodata a gli essercitii humani: Così l’istesso nelle mani del forte soldato riesce di poco frutto, se da studioso, & accorto valore accompagnato non s’apre la strada ad ogni difficile, & vittorioso successo. In questo modo a punto, perche, l’eterno fattore si compiace di operare. Perche quasi tutte le più nobil cose, procedenti da gli effetti nostri ricevono accomodata materia dalle sue mani, la quale poi raffinata, & illustrata dall’industria dell’animo fà riuscire effetti mirabili, e postenti. Taccio hora che questo temperamento meravigliosamente si dimostri nell’Eccelse, & illustri grandezze di Vostra Altezza Sereniss. la quale, non solo nelli antichi, & regii annali tiene le naturali grandezze ridotte al colmo da invitte opre gloriose de gli Avi suoi, ma in se stessa reflettendo tutto il lume del presente, & del passato splendore così gli adorna con le proprie virtudi , che ogn’un ammira le divinissime tempre, & con stupore dice non meno convenirsi tal Sereniss. Signore a quel Sereniss. Stato, che tal Serenissimo Stato a quel Serenissimo Signore: Ma dirò solo, che il detto proposto, si come in tutte le arti si dimostra chiaro; così si scerne evidentemente nell’armeggiare, & trattar la forza del ferro, il quale benche da forte braccio, & agil corpo sia essercitato, se però con osservate regole, & essercitato studio non vien accordato, e periglioso si mostra, e di poco valore: Ove, che se la possa riconosce l’arte per duce accorta, e le obedisce come ministra ardita, ne riescono meravigliose prodezze. Ci serve per essempio chiaro il testimonio di lei, nella qual dovendo il Ciel accordare ogni colmo di perfetta qualità come in compitissimo lume dell’età presente, hà in nobilissima proportione di statura, di poderosità, di fangue  congionta l’agilità, la prontezza, la forza, per trarne con l’altissimo ingegno suo la finezza dell’industria, dell’aviso, del tempo, e dell’arte, che possono far compitissimo & Illustrissimo Capitano un Serenissimo, & singolarissimo Principe.<br/>
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::A most humble and devoted servant,
Onde io riconoscendo, & ammirando con humilissimo affetto il maturo splendore de gli freschi, & felici anni suoi; & legendo nella fronte del mondo le sicure speranze, & frutti dell’età futura; Adorando quella mano dalla quale l’Italia, e il Mondo tutto, è per prender sicuro riposo, e gloriosa protettione; a quella porgo, e consacro con humil dedicatione questo poco non dirò già frutto, ma fatica delle mie fatiche, che perciò solo le doverà gradire, essendo di materia da lei gradita; Nel quale si degnerà piegar l’occhio suo Serenissimo, acciò , ove la bassezza del mio ingegno con l’esercitio di quest’arte, che per anni 27. vò  trattando, non arriva; trapassi tanti del suo altissimo raggio, che facci comparire l’opra in se humile, felicemente alla vista del Mondo; & sarà insieme effetto della mia devotione, & frutto della Sereniss. benignità sua, Alla qual essendo somma gloria il servire, pregherò il Cielo che mi facci degno, benche infimo servitore. Di Venetia a’ 10. Febraro 1606.<br/>
 
Di V.A. Serenissima
 
  
Humiliss. & devotiss. servitore<br/>
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:::Nicoletto Giganti, Master of Arms
Nicoletto Giganti, Maestro d’Armi
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| TO THE LORD READERS,<br/>ALMORO LOMBARDO<br/>Son of the Most Renowned Lord Marco.
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| <p>'''TO THE LORD READERS, ALMORO LOMBARDO''', Son of the Most Renowned Lord Marco.</p>
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<p>''Wanting to write on the matter of arms, although the author does not mention that it is a science, to me it appears a necessary thing, Lord Readers, to treat with what share it has, and of which name it would adorn itself so that everyone knows its greatness, dignity, and privilege.''</p>
  
Wanting to write on the matter of arms, although the author does not mention that it is a science, to me it appears a necessary thing, Lord Readers, to treat with what share it has, and of which name it would adorn itself so that everyone knows its greatness, dignity, and privilege.<br/>
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<p>''Whereupon first some students of this this most noble science read and discuss the most learned and easy observations of this valorous and knowledgeable professor Nicoletto Giganti, I, by observing the rule and general precept of a person who wants to address anything, will come to the definition, and then to the general division of this word Science, from which it will be possible for two things to finally be recognized by everyone, showing us that this beautiful profession is science.''</p>
Whereupon first some students of this this most noble science read and discuss the most learned and easy observations of this valorous and knowledgeable professor Nicoletto Giganti, I, by observing the rule and general precept of a person who wants to address anything, will come to the definition, and then to the general division of this word Science, from which it will be possible for two things to finally be recognized by everyone, showing us that this beautiful profession is science.<br/>
 
Science, therefore, is a certain and manifest knowledge of things that the intellect acquires. It is of two sorts, that is, Speculative and Practical.  Speculative is a simple operation of the intellect around its own object. Practical only consists in the actual workings of the intellect.<br/>
 
Speculative is divided in two parts, that is, in Real Speculation and Rational Speculation. The Real aims at the reality of its object, which demonstrates its essence on its exterior. The Rational consists of those things that only the intellect administers and does not extend itself to other goals.<br/>
 
Physics is a Real Speculative Science that only aims at moving and natural things, like the elements. Mathematics is a Real Speculative Science that only extends itself to continuous and discrete quantity. Continuous like lines, circles, surfaces, the measures of which deal with Arithmetic.<br/>
 
Grammar, Rhetoric, Poetry, and Logic are Rational Speculative Sciences.<br/>
 
Practical Science is divided in two: Active and Workable. Active is Ethics, Politics, and Economics. Workable can be divided in seven others, called mechanical, which are these: Woolcraft, Agriculture, Soldiery, Navigation, Medicine, Hunting, and Metalworking.<br/>
 
Now, coming to what I promised above about this noble science, I will go over its qualities and nature, discussing whether it is Speculative or Practical science. In my opinion I say that it is Speculative, and prove it with diverse reasons. That it is science there is no doubt, because it is not acquired if it is not mediated by the operation of the intellect, from which it is born. That it is Speculative is certain since it does not consist in anything other than simple knowledge of its object, as I will be discussing below.<br/>
 
The object of this science is nothing more than parrying and wounding. The knowledge of those two things is a work of the intellect, and moreover with intelligence professors of this science do not extend it further than the knowledge of them, which cannot be understood at all unless one first has knowledge of tempi and measures, or rather, knowledge of Feint, Disengage, or resolution without knowledge of tempi and measures. These are all operations of the intellect, and moreover outside of this knowledge the intellect does not extend, because as I have said the aim of these professions is understanding parrying. We will see if it is Real Speculative or Rational Speculative.<br/>
 
Considering this, it cannot be Rational, and the reason is this: because if it is indeed an operation of the intellect, nevertheless it spreads further, wherefore I find it to be Real Speculative. Real, because the knowledge of its aim is shown to us outwardly by the intellect. As the understanding of wounding and parrying, with tempi, measures, feints, disengages, and resolutions, even though they are operations of the intellect, they cannot be understood if not outwardly, and this exterior consists in the bearing of the body and of the Sword in the guards and counterguards, which all consist of circles, angles, lines, surfaces, measures, and of numbers. These things, which must be observed, can be read about in Camillo Agrippa and in many other professors of this science. Note that just as those operations of the intellect without an exterior operation cannot be shown, so these exterior operations cannot be understood without the operations of the intellect first, in a manner that this science, which derives from the intellect, cannot be understood if not outwardly. Neither can one understand outwardly without operations of the intellect. These operations seek to understand the greatness, excellence, and perfection of this profession, and always come united. As there can never be Sun without day, nor day without Sun, never will there be those without these, nor these without those. In the end we see that it is Real Speculative Science.<br/>
 
This science of the Sword, or of arms, is a Real Speculative Mathematic Science, and Geometric, and Arithmetic. Geometric because it consists in lines, circles, angles, surfaces, and measures. Arithmetic because it consists of numbers. There is no motion of the body that does not make an angle or constraint. There is no motion of the Sword that does not travel in a line. There is neither guard nor counterguard that does not go by the number. The observations of these things all depend on knowledge of tempi and measures, whence I conclude that this most noble science is Real, Mathematic, Geometric, and Arithmetic, as I said a little above.<br/>
 
Perhaps some inquisitive person arguing over this could say that the science of arms is a Practical Science with this reason: that being a Practical Science, a science which not only extends to the knowledge of its own object but to the operation of it, this science is therefore Practical, and not Speculative. To this objection I respond: all things have from nature their operation. Three are the sorts of their operations; some are internal, and these have their being in pure and simple intellect, and result from a Rational Speculative. Some are internal and external, and these have a commonality inside the intellect and outside, and are born from a Real Speculative. Some are completely external, and these have their being outside the intellect entirely and depend on a Practical Science, and are either Active or Workable. The Speculative Workable Real Science is no different from the Practical Science other than in this: the Real Speculative operates outwardly on its object and through the knowledge of that serves the intellect. The Practical Science not only cannot operate on its object if not outwardly, it cannot even come to the knowledge of it if not outwardly. The science of arms has the knowledge of its object in the intellect, and even though it operates outwardly, it cannot be said that it is Practical, but instead Speculative Real Science.<br/>
 
We have therefore seen that it is a science and it is Mathematics, of Geometry and Arithmetic, since it consists of numbers, lines, and measures. The author does not make mention of this in his observations, so that from him learned persons and those with no study may acquire some profit. Therefore, from his present figures and noted lessons, without learning to understand the multiplicity of lines, circles, angles, surfaces which would rather confuse the minds of readers that do not have understanding of these studies, nor give them any instruction, without a doubt everyone will learn to understand without difficulty the tempi, measures, resolutions, feints, disengages, and the way of parrying and wounding.<br/>
 
As for knowing how to understand the circles, lines, and other things mentioned above, every studious person will come to understand them with exercise. I will always advise everyone to apply themselves to the study of letters before this profession, because one that has studied in order to have understanding of the necessary things around this science will better profit and will make themselves more excellent and more perfect, with much more quickness of time for the acquisition, so that he can understand the aforesaid things of the guards, counterguards, covered just as uncovered. He that has not studied will not obtain it so easily, which, if he can learn it well, he will not therefore acquire understanding of this science without length of time and continuous exercise.<br/>
 
This profession is of so much dignity and consideration. What decorum does it seek? What reputation and how much honour must one give it? Under what obligation is one that carries the sword and makes a profession of it? I say its dignity and consideration derive totally from its qualities, and with the division of the same one can come to understand.<br/>
 
This science of the sword is divided into three parts. The first is divided in two: Natural and Artificial. Natural is a demonstrative discourse man makes use of naturally in parrying and wounding, since with his own ingenuity he proceeds with those goals extracting what mother nature administers to him for his needs. Here is what many men of courage and spirit have shown great measure of in their contentions with men of great art and knowledge. The Artificial is that which with ingenuity and long use and exercise found under short rules and impossible methods different manners of parrying and wounding with the above noted things. Accordingly, coming to some occasion the man extracts from this the real ends of his safety. In his lessons the author shows great understanding of those two qualities, and the reader will be fully satisfied with them.<br/>
 
The second part is this: the Artificial science of the sword is divided in two, Demonstrative and Exercised. The Demonstrative is that which demonstrates the proper method, and aims at knowledge of parrying and of wounding, by firm foot just as with the pass, when one must bind the enemy and when one must draw back by way of those lines, circles, or circumstances you remember from above, for which the intellect governs and imparts the many and multiple postures and counterpostures of the body. The Exercise is the same as the Demonstrative which, since we have acquired it, we apply to the understanding of a thousand warnings. There is no difference between them, except that the Demonstrative is self-contained, and the Exercised extends to serve the understanding of different things.<br/>
 
The third part is this: the Demonstrative science of the sword is divided in two: the first Demonstrative consists of uncomplicated ends, that is, in simple ends, or composite, that unite in themselves more ends for the same Demonstratives of various occurrences, such as being outside of measure with the arms open, the weapons high or low. These ends require incomplete ends, that is, ends not understood by the enemy. They are called simple because they are natural. They are called composite because they have in themselves many considerations, and these are divided into the first and the second concepts.<br/>
 
The first concepts are real things that are first learned from the intellect, like parrying and wounding, and these come in the first intention. The second concepts are formed from the intellect, and these make the second of our intentions, the knowledge in order to be able to wound and parry, and are made through the first, for the reason that immediately when our intellect has learned this aim of wounding and parrying, it soon discusses how this can be done in a different manner and with different methods.<br/>
 
The second Demonstrative consists of the complex ends, that is, of ends that unite in themselves more ends for the same demonstratives, and these aims either united in measure or separate in distance demonstrate their ends, like being in guard with the weapons closed demonstrates, or the posture or counterposture of the body in measure or at distance which is the aim of that, and how many things can be done with that working. For this reason one sees of how much consideration this beautiful science is for its qualities, and for the aims it contains.<br/>
 
Therefore, just as it is of great dignity, because it is real Speculative Mathematics of Geometry and Arithmetic, and for many parts found under itself, such decorum and reputation I say it requires. No other will be the decorum and reputation if not this. And also considering, o Readers, that this science for the most part is found in royal courts, and of every Prince, in the most famous Cities, studied by Barons, Counts, Knights, and persons of great quality, and for no other reason if not because just as it is noble, it excites and inflames our spirits to great things, to learn, and to heroic actions, to match of the virtue of the spirit, the valour of the body, the vigour of the strength, and the skill of the person. This always seeks parity, and does not allow any blemish to it. It wants to be understood and learned, but not to be professed for every folly one takes up. It flees the disputes of villainous persons. It does not do all that it can. It shows itself at the time and place. It avoids the practices of excess. It is of few words. It desires a serious comportment, a lively eye, an honoured dress, and a noble practice. This is enough about its decorum and reputation. In regard to the honour that it requires, advising that the observance of all the said things is honour to this profession, it remains only to be said what obligation one who carries the sword is under.<br/>
 
We will pass by the aims of these Duellists who, just as they have badly learned the said profession, so I say with many of their propositions they degrade it and have reduced it to such an unhappy state that it not only casts aside the virtuous life which demands such a science, and human discourse, and every reason, but forgetting the great God, and themselves as a consequence, their unjust aims can only possess it for the damnation of their spirits, postponing the divine church for their diabolical thoughts.<br/>
 
This profession, o Readers, puts one who practices it under obligation to learn, and considering this wants to be used in four occasions: the first for Faith, then for Country, for defence of one’s own life, and finally for honour. It always wants to be a defender of reason, never taken hold of in order to do wrong, and one who does so makes an injury to this profession. Neither will a man of honour have held onto a wrong in order to fight, but will only do so for the said things. It is necessary to have occasion because fighting without one is a thing of the foolish and drunk. Some as soon as they have acquired some beginning of this mock, putting the Sword at their side, and using a thousand insolences, either stop or wound someone, and at such time kill some miserable person, believing themselves to have acquired honour and fame. They do evil, because other than making an outrage to the nobility of this which must not be put in use without reason, they offend the just God and themselves.<br/>
 
In order to not come to tedium I will not continue, but only exhort each to study such a noble and real science, begging him to keep in mind the underwritten observations of our noble professor, and practice in it, because with brevity of time one can acquire no small profit, observing how much it suits honour, glory, and greatness themselves.<br/>
 
| ALLI SIG. LETTORI,<br/>ALMORO LOMBARDO<br/>fù del Clarissimo Signor Marco.
 
  
VOLENDOSI scrivere nella meteria dell’armi, benche l’auttore non facci mentione, che scentia ella si sia, pur à me pare cosa necessaria, ò Signori Lettori di trattare che parte ella habbia, & di qual nome ella s’adorni, & ciò perche ciascuno conosca quale sia la grandezza, la dignità & il privilegio suo. La onde  prima che alcuno studioso di questa nobilissima scienza legga, & discorra le dottissime, e facilissime osservationi di questo valoroso, & intendente professore Nicoletto Gigantil io per osservare la regola, & il precetto generale di chi vuole trattare di cosa alcuna, verrò alla diffinitione, & poi alla divisione generale di questa voce Scienza, dalle quali due cose finalmente potrà venire in consideratione à ciascuno, che scienza questa bella professione ci mostri. La Scienza adunque è una certa, & manifesta cognitione delle cose, che l’intelletto acquista: & questa è di due sorti, cioè Speculativa, & Prattica. La Speculativa è una semplice operatione dell’intelletto circa il suo proprio oggetto. La Prattica solo consiste nelle attuali operationi dell’intelletto. La Speculativa si divide in due parti, cioè in Speculativa reale, & in Speculativa rationale. La reale mira alla realtà dell’oggetto suo, il quale dimostra nell’esteriore l’essentia sua. La rationale consiste intorno à quelle cose, che solo l’intelletto gli somministra, nè più in oltre vuole, che l’esser suo s’estenda. La Fisica è una scienza reale speculativa, che solo mira alle cose mobili, e naturali, come à gli elementi. La matematica è una scienza Speculativa reale, che solo estende l’esser suo in quanto continuo e discreto; continuo come intorno alle linee, à i circoli, alle superficie; & le misure di questa tratta l’Arithmetica. La Grammatica, la Retorica, la Poesia, la Logica sono scienze speculative rationali. La Scientia prattica, si divide ancor ella in due, in Attiva, e Fattiva; Attiva è l’Etica, la Politica, e l’Economica; la Fattiva poi si divide in sette altre, le quali si chiamano mechaniche, e sono queste il Lanificio, l’Agricoltura, il Soldato mercenario, la Navigatione, la Medicina, la Caccia, e l’arte Fabrile. Hora per venire a quello c’ho di sopra promesso circa a questa nobil scienza, andrò sopra le qualità, e la natura sua discorrendo, cioè s’ella sia scientia Speculativa, o Prattica. Io per opinione mia dico, & lo provo con diverse ragioni ch’ella è Speculativa. Et che sii scienza non v’è dubio alcuno, perche questa non s’acquista se non mediante l’operatione dell’intelletto, dalla quale essa nasce; ch’ella sia Speculativa è cosa certa poiche non tonsiste  in altro, che nella semplice cognitione dell’oggetto suo, come andrò mostrando più a basso: Et l’oggetto di questa scienza altro non è, che il riparare, & il ferire; il saper delle quali due cose, è opera dell’intelletto; nè il professore di questa scienza più in oltre s’estende con l’ingegno, che nella cognitione di queste due cose, lequali non potrà alcuno sapere se prima non havrà la cognitione de’ tempi, e delle misure, ò di Finte, ò di Cavatione, ò di risolutioni senza cognitione de’ tempi, e delle misure, & queste sono tutte operationi dell’intelletto, & fuori di questa cognitione l’intelletto non s’estende più in oltre; perche come ho detto il fine di queste professione è saper riparare; ma vediamo s’ella sÿ speculativa reale, ò speculativa rationale. Io vado considerando, che rationale non può essere, & la ragione è questa, perche se ben ella è operatione dell’intelletto; nondimeno più in oltre si diffonde; perilche trovo ella esser speculativa reale. Reale, perche la cognitione del suo fine ci vien mostrata dall’intelletto esteriormente; poiche il saper ferire, & il saper riparare con i tempi, con le misure, finte, cavationi, e risolutioni, benche siano operationi dell’intelletto, non perciò  si possono conoscere, se non esteriormente, e questo esteriore consiste nel portamento del corpo, & della Spada nelle guardie, e nelle contraguardie, ilche tutto consiste ne i circoli, negli angoli, nelle linee, nelle superficie, nelle misure, e ne i numeri; lequali cose, come che s’habbino  à osservare, si potrà leggere in Camillo Agrippa, & in molti altri professori di questa scienza. Ma notate, che si come quelle operationi dell’intelletto senza una operatione esteriore non si possono mostrare: così queste operationi esteriori non si possono conoscere senza le prime operationi dell’intelletto, in maniera che questa scienza non si può conoscere, che derivi dall’intelletto, se non esteriormente; nè si può conoscere esteriormente senza operatione dell’intelletto, le quali operationi à voler conoscere la grandezza, eccellenza, e perfettione di questa professione, sempre si vedranno unite; e come non sarà mai Sole senza giorno, nè giorno senza Sole, non saranno mai quelle senza queste, nè queste senza quelle. Resta che noi vediamo, che scienza Speculativa reale ella sia. Questa scienza della Spada, ò dell’armi, è una scienza Speculativa real Mathematica, & è di Geometria, & Arithmetica; di Geometria perche consiste in linee, circoli, angoli, superficie, e misure. Di Arithmetica, perche consiste in numeri; non è moto del corpo, che non facci angolo, o vincolo; non è moto della Spada, che non camini per linea; non è guardia, nè contraguardia, che non vadi per numero; l’osservationi delle quali cose tutte dipendono dalla cognitione de’ tempi, e delle misure; onde concludo, che questa nobilissima scienza sia Speculativa reale Mathematica, di Geometria, & Arithmetica, come poco di sopra hò detto.<br/>
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<p>''Science, therefore, is a certain and manifest knowledge of things that the intellect acquires. It is of two sorts, that is, Speculative and Practical. Speculative is a simple operation of the intellect around its own object. Practical only consists in the actual workings of the intellect.''</p>
Ma potrebbe forse qualche curioso argomentando sopra questa dire, che la scienza dell’armi fusse una scienza prattica, con questa ragione che essendo la scienza prattica, una scienza laquale non solo s’estendi  nella cognitione del suo proprio oggetto, ma nell’operar in esso; & la scienza della Spada essendo una scienza, che non solo versi nella cognitione, ma nell’operatione di essa, che perciò questa scienza è Prattica, e non Speculativa. Alla qual oppositione rispondo; tutte le cose hanno dalla natura qualche operatione. Et trè sono le sorti delle nostre operationi; alcune sono interne, & queste hanno l’esser suo nel puro, e semplice intelletto, e derivano da una rational Speculativa; alcune sono interne, & esterne, & queste hanno una communanza nell’intelletto, e fuori, e nascono da una speculativa reale; alcune sono affatto esterne, e queste hanno l’esser loro fuori dell’intelletto affatto, e dipendono da una scienza prattica, & sono ò attive, ò fattive: la scienza speculativa fattiva reale non è differente dalla scienza Prattica in altro ch’in questo, che la Speculativa reale, se ben opera esteriormente nell’oggetto suo; serva però la cognitione di quello nell’intelletto, e la scienza Prattica, oltre che non può operar se non esteriormente nell’oggetto suo, non può etiam Dio venire alla cognitione di esso se non esteriormente la scienza dell’armi hà la cognitione dell’oggetto suo nell’intelletto, se bene opera esteriormente, non si può dire ch’ella sia Prattica, ma scienza Speculativa reale. Habbiamo adunque veduto che scienza ella si sia, & è Mathematica di Geometria & Arithmetica, perche ella consiste numeri, linee, e misure, delle quali l’auttore non fà mentione nelle osservationi sue, perche da lui le persone dotte, e quelle di nessuno studio qualche frutto acquistano, onde ciascuno dalle presenti figure, e dalle lettioni sue noti, che senza imparare a conoscere la multiplicità delle linee, de’ circoli, de’ angoli, di superficie, le quali più tosto confunderebbono la mente del Lettore, che non havrà la cognitione di questi studÿ, ne gli darebbono ammaestramento alcuno; imparerà a conoscere senza dubbio, e senza fatica i tempi, e le misure, e le rissolutioni, le finte, le cavationi, & il modo di saper riparare, e di saper ferire. Circa poi saper conoscere i circoli, e le linee, e l’altre cose dette di sopra ogni studioso da se stesso con l’essercitio di questa venirà in cognitione di esse; e sempre consigliarò ogn’uno, che s’applichi prima allo studo delle lettere, che a questa professione, perche più profitto farà colui, che haverà studiato per la cognitione c’haverà delle cose necessarie circa questa scienza, e si farà più eccellente, e più perfetto, & con brevità di tempo assai maggiore, per l’acquisto, che può fare conoscendo le sopradette cose delle guardie, delle contraguardie, così coperto, come discoperto; ilche quello che non haverà studiato, non ottenerà così facilmente; ilquale se bene potrebbe imparare, non perciò acquisterà senza lunghezza di tempo, e continuo essercitio la cognitione di questa scienza. Questa professione di quanta dignità sia, & di quanta consideratione, e che decoro ricerca, & che riputatione, & quanto honer le si deve, & in che obligo sia uno, che porti la Spada, & ne facci professione, dirò la dignità sua, & la sua consideratione tutta derivar dalle qualità sue, delle quali con la divisione dell’istessa si può venire in cognitione. In trè parti si divide questa scienza della Spada; la prima si divide in due, in naturale, & artificiosa: La naturale è un discorso demostrativo, del quale l’huomo si serve naturalmente, e nel riparare, e nel ferire; impercioche con il proprio ingegno egli và con quei termini cavando, che la maestra natura per necessità della persona gli somministra, e di quì è, che molti huomini di core, e di animo hanno mostrato gran paragone di questa nelle loro questioni con huomini di grand’arte, & di molto sapere; l’Artificiosa, e quella, la quale con l’ignegno, e con il longo uso, & essercitio ritrova sotto regole corte, & impossibili modi, diverse maniere di saper riparare, e di saper ferire con le cose di sopra nominate: onde venendo a qualche occasione, l’huomo cava da questa i veri termini della sicurezza della sua persona, delle quali due qualità l’auttore mostra nelle sue lettioni grandissima cognitione, & il lettore di esse ne resterà a pieno sodisfatissimo. La seconda parte è questa, che la scienza della Spada artificiosa si divide in due in Demostrativa, & in Essercitata: la Demostrativa è quella, la quale dimostra il vero modo, e termine di saper riparare, e di saper ferire così di piede fermo, come di passata, e quando si deve stringere l’inimico, e quando si deve portar a dietro per quelle linee, e per quei circoli, e per quelle circonstantie di sopra rammentate, per le quali si và l’intelletto regolando, e comparte le posture, e le contraposture del corpo varie, e moltiplici: L’essercita è l’istessa Demostrativa, la quale, poiche habbiamo acquistato, applichiamo alla cognitione di mille avvertimenti, in altro non è differente l’una dall’altra, se non che la Demostrativa è inquanto se stessa, e l’essercitate è in quanto serve alla cognitione di diverse cose. La terza parte è questa, che la scienza Demostrativa della Spada si divide in due: la prima Demostrativa consiste ne termini incomplessi, cioè, in termini semplici, ò composti, che uniscono in se più termini per se stessi Demostrativi di varii accidenti, e sono questi come l’esser fuori di misura, con le braccia aperte, le armi alte, overo basse, i quali termini si dimandano termini incomplessi, cioè termini non intesi dal nemico; si dicono semplici, perche sono naturali; si dicono composti, perche hanno in se molte considerationi, & questi si dividono ne i primi, & ne i secondi concetti: Gli primi concetti sono le cose reali, che sono prime apprese dall’intelletto, come il riparare, & il ferire, & questi vanno nella prima intentione; Gli secondi concetti formati dall’intelletto sono, e questi fanno la seconda nostra intentione, il sapere, per potere e ferire, e parare; i quali si fanno mediante i primi; impercioche l’intelletto nostro subito che hà appresso questo fine di ferire, e di riparare, tosto discorre come possi ciò fare con diverse maniere, e con diversi modi: La seconda Demostrativa consiste ne’ termini complesi, cioè, in termini che uniscono in se più termini per se stessi demostrativi, i quali termini o uniti in misura, ò separati in distantia demostrano il fine loro, come l’esser in guardia chiuso nell’armi dimostra ò in distnaza, ò in misura della postura del corpo, ò contrapostura il fine di quella, quale sia, & quante cose si possino con quella operare; perilche si vede di quanta consideratione sia questa bella scienza per le qualità sue, e per gli termini che contiene. Questa dunque così come è di gran dignità, perche sia Speculativa reale Mathematica, di Geometria, & Arithmetica, e per tante parti quante sotto di se trova, così dico ricerca decoro, & reputatione, nè altro sarà il decoro, e la reputatione di essa, se non questa. E da considerare, ò Lettori, che questa scienza per il più si trova nelle corti regali, e d’ogni Principe; nelle Città più famose studiata da Baroni, da Conti, da Cavalieri, & da persone di qualità grandi; e non per altro, se non perche, così come è nobile, eccita, & infiamma gli animi nostri alle cose grandi, all’imprese, & alli atti heroici, à far paragone della virtù dell’animo, del valore del corpo, della gagliardia, della fortezza, & della destrezza della persona. Questa sempre ricerca parità, non permette, che gli sia fatto incarco; vuol’ esser conosciuta, & intesa, ma non professa, non per ogni follia s’adopra; fugge la contesa delle persone vili; non fà tutto quello che può; si mostra à tempo, e luogo; schifa le prattiche delle crapule; poche parole; vuol un caminar grave, un occhio vivo; un vestir honorato, & una pratica nobile; & questo è quanto al decoro, & reputatione sua. Quanto all’honore che le si deve, è da avertire, che l’osservanza di tutte le dette cose è honore alla detta professione; resta solo dire, in che obligo sia colui, che porta la Spada: tralascieremo i termni di questi Duellisti, i quali così come hanno mal intesa la detta professione, così dico con molti loro proposti l’avviliscono; & l’hanno ridotta à così infelice stato, che non sol messa da parte la vita virtuosa, che ricerca una tanta scienza, & l’human discorso, & ogni ragione; ma obliando il grande Iddio, & se stessi per conseguire i loro ingiusti fini, la possedono solo per dannatione delle anime loro, postponendo il divin culto alli loro diabolici pensieri.<br/>
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Questa professione, o Lettori, mette in obligo chi l’essercita di quanto intenderete; è da considerare, che questa vuol’esser usata in quattro occasioni; nella prima per la Fede, poi per la Patria, per difesa della propria vita, & finalmente dell’honore, e questa vuol’esser difensora sempre della ragione, nè mai s’appiglia al torto; e colui che s’appiglia al torto, fà ingiuria à questa professione; nè un’ huomo d’honore sarà mai tenuto per il torto à comvattere, ma ben per le cose dette; bisogna haver occasione, perche il combattere senza occasione è cosa da pazzi, & da ubriachi. Sogliono alcuni come hanno acquistato qualche principio di questa, ponersi la Spada al lato, & usar mille insolentie, ò con far stare, ò con ferire, & tal volta ammazzare qualche misero, credendosi d’acquistare honore, e fama; & fanno male, perche oltre che fanno oltraggio alla nobilità di questa, la quale non deve esser messa in uso se non con ragione, offendono il giusto Iddio, & se stessi. Non sarò più longo per non venire à tedio, ma solo essorto ciascuno à studiare così nobile, & real scienza, pregandolo à poner mente alle infrascritte osservationi di questo nostro intelligente professore, & essercitarsi in esse, perche non brevità di tempo sarà per non poco frutto acquistarsi, osservando quanto à questa si conviene, à honore, gloria, & grendezza di se stessi.<br/>
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<p>''Speculative is divided in two parts, that is, in Real Speculation and Rational Speculation. The Real aims at the reality of its object, which demonstrates its essence on its exterior. The Rational consists of those things that only the intellect administers and does not extend itself to other goals.''</p>
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<p>''Physics is a Real Speculative Science that only aims at moving and natural things, like the elements. Mathematics is a Real Speculative Science that only extends itself to continuous and discrete quantity. Continuous like lines, circles, surfaces, the measures of which deal with Arithmetic.''</p>
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<p>''Grammar, Rhetoric, Poetry, and Logic are Rational Speculative Sciences.''</p>
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<p>''Practical Science is divided in two: Active and Workable. Active is Ethics, Politics, and Economics. Workable can be divided in seven others, called mechanical, which are these: Woolcraft, Agriculture, Soldiery, Navigation, Medicine, Hunting, and Metalworking.''</p>
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<p>''Now, coming to what I promised above about this noble science, I will go over its qualities and nature, discussing whether it is Speculative or Practical science. In my opinion I say that it is Speculative, and prove it with diverse reasons. That it is science there is no doubt, because it is not acquired if it is not mediated by the operation of the intellect, from which it is born. That it is Speculative is certain since it does not consist in anything other than simple knowledge of its object, as I will be discussing below.''</p>
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<p>''The object of this science is nothing more than parrying and wounding. The knowledge of those two things is a work of the intellect, and moreover with intelligence professors of this science do not extend it further than the knowledge of them, which cannot be understood at all unless one first has knowledge of tempi and measures, or rather, knowledge of Feint, Disengage, or resolution without knowledge of tempi and measures. These are all operations of the intellect, and moreover outside of this knowledge the intellect does not extend, because as I have said the aim of these professions is understanding parrying. We will see if it is Real Speculative or Rational Speculative.''</p>
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<p>''Considering this, it cannot be Rational, and the reason is this: because if it is indeed an operation of the intellect, nevertheless it spreads further, wherefore I find it to be Real Speculative. Real, because the knowledge of its aim is shown to us outwardly by the intellect. As the understanding of wounding and parrying, with tempi, measures, feints, disengages, and resolutions, even though they are operations of the intellect, they cannot be understood if not outwardly, and this exterior consists in the bearing of the body and of the Sword in the guards and counterguards, which all consist of circles, angles, lines, surfaces, measures, and of numbers. These things, which must be observed, can be read about in Camillo Agrippa and in many other professors of this science. Note that just as those operations of the intellect without an exterior operation cannot be shown, so these exterior operations cannot be understood without the operations of the intellect first, in a manner that this science, which derives from the intellect, cannot be understood if not outwardly. Neither can one understand outwardly without operations of the intellect. These operations seek to understand the greatness, excellence, and perfection of this profession, and always come united. As there can never be Sun without day, nor day without Sun, never will there be those without these, nor these without those. In the end we see that it is Real Speculative Science.''</p>
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<p>''This science of the Sword, or of arms, is a Real Speculative Mathematic Science, and Geometric, and Arithmetic. Geometric because it consists in lines, circles, angles, surfaces, and measures. Arithmetic because it consists of numbers. There is no motion of the body that does not make an angle or constraint. There is no motion of the Sword that does not travel in a line. There is neither guard nor counterguard that does not go by the number. The observations of these things all depend on knowledge of tempi and measures, whence I conclude that this most noble science is Real, Mathematic, Geometric, and Arithmetic, as I said a little above.''</p>
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| <p>''Perhaps some inquisitive person arguing over this could say that the science of arms is a Practical Science with this reason: that being a Practical Science, a science which not only extends to the knowledge of its own object but to the operation of it, this science is therefore Practical, and not Speculative. To this objection I respond: all things have from nature their operation. Three are the sorts of their operations; some are internal, and these have their being in pure and simple intellect, and result from a Rational Speculative. Some are internal and external, and these have a commonality inside the intellect and outside, and are born from a Real Speculative. Some are completely external, and these have their being outside the intellect entirely and depend on a Practical Science, and are either Active or Workable. The Speculative Workable Real Science is no different from the Practical Science other than in this: the Real Speculative operates outwardly on its object and through the knowledge of that serves the intellect. The Practical Science not only cannot operate on its object if not outwardly, it cannot even come to the knowledge of it if not outwardly. The science of arms has the knowledge of its object in the intellect, and even though it operates outwardly, it cannot be said that it is Practical, but instead Speculative Real Science.''</p>
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<p>''We have therefore seen that it is a science and it is Mathematics, of Geometry and Arithmetic, since it consists of numbers, lines, and measures. The author does not make mention of this in his observations, so that from him learned persons and those with no study may acquire some profit. Therefore, from his present figures and noted lessons, without learning to understand the multiplicity of lines, circles, angles, surfaces which would rather confuse the minds of readers that do not have understanding of these studies, nor give them any instruction, without a doubt everyone will learn to understand without difficulty the tempi, measures, resolutions, feints, disengages, and the way of parrying and wounding.''</p>
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<p>''As for knowing how to understand the circles, lines, and other things mentioned above, every studious person will come to understand them with exercise. I will always advise everyone to apply themselves to the study of letters before this profession, because one that has studied in order to have understanding of the necessary things around this science will better profit and will make themselves more excellent and more perfect, with much more quickness of time for the acquisition, so that he can understand the aforesaid things of the guards, counterguards, covered just as uncovered. He that has not studied will not obtain it so easily, which, if he can learn it well, he will not therefore acquire understanding of this science without length of time and continuous exercise.''</p>
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<p>''This profession is of so much dignity and consideration. What decorum does it seek? What reputation and how much honour must one give it? Under what obligation is one that carries the sword and makes a profession of it? I say its dignity and consideration derive totally from its qualities, and with the division of the same one can come to understand.''</p>
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<p>''This science of the sword is divided into three parts. The first is divided in two: Natural and Artificial. Natural is a demonstrative discourse man makes use of naturally in parrying and wounding, since with his own ingenuity he proceeds with those goals extracting what mother nature administers to him for his needs. Here is what many men of courage and spirit have shown great measure of in their contentions with men of great art and knowledge. The Artificial is that which with ingenuity and long use and exercise found under short rules and impossible methods different manners of parrying and wounding with the above noted things. Accordingly, coming to some occasion the man extracts from this the real ends of his safety. In his lessons the author shows great understanding of those two qualities, and the reader will be fully satisfied with them.''</p>
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<p>''The second part is this: the Artificial science of the sword is divided in two, Demonstrative and Exercised. The Demonstrative is that which demonstrates the proper method, and aims at knowledge of parrying and of wounding, by firm foot just as with the pass, when one must bind the enemy and when one must draw back by way of those lines, circles, or circumstances you remember from above, for which the intellect governs and imparts the many and multiple postures and counterpostures of the body. The Exercise is the same as the Demonstrative which, since we have acquired it, we apply to the understanding of a thousand warnings. There is no difference between them, except that the Demonstrative is self-contained, and the Exercised extends to serve the understanding of different things.''</p>
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<p>''The third part is this: the Demonstrative science of the sword is divided in two: the first Demonstrative consists of uncomplicated ends, that is, in simple ends, or composite, that unite in themselves more ends for the same Demonstratives of various occurrences, such as being outside of measure with the arms open, the weapons high or low. These ends require incomplete ends, that is, ends not understood by the enemy. They are called simple because they are natural. They are called composite because they have in themselves many considerations, and these are divided into the first and the second concepts.''</p>
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<p>''The first concepts are real things that are first learned from the intellect, like parrying and wounding, and these come in the first intention. The second concepts are formed from the intellect, and these make the second of our intentions, the knowledge in order to be able to wound and parry, and are made through the first, for the reason that immediately when our intellect has learned this aim of wounding and parrying, it soon discusses how this can be done in a different manner and with different methods.''</p>
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<p>''The second Demonstrative consists of the complex ends, that is, of ends that unite in themselves more ends for the same demonstratives, and these aims either united in measure or separate in distance demonstrate their ends, like being in guard with the weapons closed demonstrates, or the posture or counterposture of the body in measure or at distance which is the aim of that, and how many things can be done with that working. For this reason one sees of how much consideration this beautiful science is for its qualities, and for the aims it contains.''</p>
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<p>''Therefore, just as it is of great dignity, because it is real Speculative Mathematics of Geometry and Arithmetic, and for many parts found under itself, such decorum and reputation I say it requires. No other will be the decorum and reputation if not this. And also considering, o Readers, that this science for the most part is found in royal courts, and of every Prince, in the most famous Cities, studied by Barons, Counts, Knights, and persons of great quality, and for no other reason if not because just as it is noble, it excites and inflames our spirits to great things, to learn, and to heroic actions, to match of the virtue of the spirit, the valour of the body, the vigour of the strength, and the skill of the person. This always seeks parity, and does not allow any blemish to it. It wants to be understood and learned, but not to be professed for every folly one takes up. It flees the disputes of villainous persons. It does not do all that it can. It shows itself at the time and place. It avoids the practices of excess. It is of few words. It desires a serious comportment, a lively eye, an honoured dress, and a noble practice. This is enough about its decorum and reputation. In regard to the honour that it requires, advising that the observance of all the said things is honour to this profession, it remains only to be said what obligation one who carries the sword is under.''</p>
  
The underwritten Most Excellent Lord Captains of the most Illustrious Council of Ten have belief from the Lord Reformers of the Studio of Padua by report of the two elected, that is, of the Reverend Father Inquisitor and of the Secretary of the Senate Zuane Maravegia, with oath, that in this book titled School, or Theatre by Nicoletto Giganti, Venetian, nothing contrary to the law is found. It is worthy of print, granted licence, and may be printed in this city.
+
<p>''We will pass by the aims of these Duellists who, just as they have badly learned the said profession, so I say with many of their propositions they degrade it and have reduced it to such an unhappy state that it not only casts aside the virtuous life which demands such a science, and human discourse, and every reason, but forgetting the great God, and themselves as a consequence, their unjust aims can only possess it for the damnation of their spirits, postponing the divine church for their diabolical thoughts.''</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf/13|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf|14|lbl=x|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf|15|lbl=xi|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf|16|lbl=xii|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf|17|lbl=xiii|p=1}}
 +
|
  
Dated the 31st of October, 1605.
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>''This profession, o Readers, puts one who practices it under obligation to learn, and considering this wants to be used in four occasions: the first for Faith, then for Country, for defence of one’s own life, and finally for honour. It always wants to be a defender of reason, never taken hold of in order to do wrong, and one who does so makes an injury to this profession. Neither will a man of honour have held onto a wrong in order to fight, but will only do so for the said things. It is necessary to have occasion because fighting without one is a thing of the foolish and drunk. Some as soon as they have acquired some beginning of this mock, putting the Sword at their side, and using a thousand insolences, either stop or wound someone, and at such time kill some miserable person, believing themselves to have acquired honour and fame. They do evil, because other than making an outrage to the nobility of this which must not be put in use without reason, they offend the just God and themselves.''</p>
  
D. Santo Balbi<br/>
+
<p>''In order to not come to tedium I will not continue, but only exhort each to study such a noble and real science, begging him to keep in mind the underwritten observations of our noble professor, and practice in it, because with brevity of time one can acquire no small profit, observing how much it suits honour, glory, and greatness themselves.''</p>
D. Gio. Giacomo Zane<br/>
+
| {{pagetb|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf|18|lbl=xiv}}
D. Piero Barbarigo<br/>
+
|
Captains of the Most Illustrious Council of X.
+
|
  
Most Illustrious Council of X. Secretary<br/>
+
|-
Barth. Cominus.
+
|
 +
| <p>'''COPY</p>
  
October 3, 1605
+
<p>The underwritten Most Excellent Lord Captains of the most Illustrious Council of Ten have belief from the Lord Reformers of the Studio of Padua by report of the two elected, that is, of the Reverend Father Inquisitor and of the Secretary of the Senate Zuane Maravegia, with oath, that in this book titled School, or Theatre by Nicoletto Giganti, Venetian, nothing contrary to the law is found. It is worthy of print, granted licence, and may be printed in this city.</p>
  
Registered in the Office Against Blasphemy to the back of paper 135<br/>
+
:Dated the 31st of October, 1605.
Giovanni Francesco Pinardo<br/>
 
Secretary
 
| COPIA
 
  
Gli Eccellentiss. Signori Capi dell’Illustriss. Consiglio di Dieci infrascritti, havuta fede dalli Signori Reformatori del Studio di Padova per relation delli duoi à ciò deputati, cioè del Rever. Padre Inquisitore, & del Circonsp. Secretario del Senato Zuane Maravegia con giuramento, che nel libro intitolato Scola, overo Teatro, di Nicoletto Giganti Venetiano, non si trova cosa alcuna contraria alle leggi, & è degno di Stampa, concedono licentia, che possa esser Stampato in questa Città.
+
::Captains of the Most Illustrious Council of X,
  
Dat. die 31. Octobris 1605.
+
::D. Santo Balbi<br/>D. Gio. Giacomo Zane<br/>D. Piero Barbarigo
  
D.Santo Balbi<br/>
+
:::Most Illustrious Council of X. Secretary, Barth. Cominus.
D.Gio. Giacomo Zane<br/>
 
D.Piero Barbarigo<br/>
 
Capi dell'Illustrissimo Consiglio di X.
 
  
Illustrissimi Cons. X. Secret.<br/>
+
:October 3, 1605
Barth. Cominus.
 
  
1605. A’ 3. Ottobre.
+
::Registered in the Office Against Blasphemy to the back of paper 135
  
Registrato nell’Officio contra la Biastema à cart.135. terg.<br/>
+
:::Giovanni Francesco Pinardo, Secretary
Gio. Franc. Pinardo<br/>
+
| {{pagetb|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf|19|lbl=xv}}
Secret.
+
|  
| [http://fechtgeschichte.blogspot.de/2014/08/das-fechtbuch-des-nicolai-giganti-in.html Text to copy over]
 
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
| class="noline" | December 23, 1605 in Senate
+
| class="noline" | <p>December 23, 1605 in Senate</p>
 
 
The power is granted to our faithful Nicoletto Giganti, Venetian, that other than him or one at his behest, it is not permitted for the space of the next thirty years to venture to print in this City, nor any other City, Land, or place of our Domain, nor printed elsewhere to conduct or sell in Our Domain the book composed by him, titled School, or Theatre, under pain of losing printed work, or conducted, which is by the aforesaid Nicoletto Giganti, and being obliged to observe what is required by our law in matters of Printing, of paying three hundred ducats: a third to our Arsenal, a third to the Magistrate that makes the execution, and the other third to the complainant.<br/>
 
| class="noline" | 1605. a 23. di Decembre in Senato
 
  
CHE sia concessa facultà al fedel nostro Nicoletto Giganti Venetiano, che altri che lui, ò chi haverà a causa da lui, non possi per il spatio d’anni trenta prossimi venturi stampar in questa Città, in cadaun’altra Città, Terra, & luogo del Dominio nostro, nè altrove stampato condur, overo vender in esso Dominio Nostro il Libro da lui composto, intitolato Scola, overo Teatro, sotto pena di perder le Opere stampate, overo condotte, le quali siano del sopradetto Nicoletto Giganti, & di pagar ducati trecento, un terzo de’ quali sia dell’Arsenal nostro, un terzo del Magistrato, che farà l’essecutione, & l’altro terzo del denuntiante; essendo obligato osservar quanto è disposto dalle leggi nostre in materia di Stampe.
+
<p>''The power is granted to our faithful Nicoletto Giganti, Venetian, that other than him or one at his behest, it is not permitted for the space of the next thirty years to venture to print in this City, nor any other City, Land, or place of our Domain, nor printed elsewhere to conduct or sell in Our Domain the book composed by him, titled School, or Theatre, under pain of losing printed work, or conducted, which is by the aforesaid Nicoletto Giganti, and being obliged to observe what is required by our law in matters of Printing, of paying three hundred ducats: a third to our Arsenal, a third to the Magistrate that makes the execution, and the other third to the complainant.''</p>
 +
| class="noline" | {{pagetb|Page:Scola, overo teatro (Nicoletto Giganti) 1606.pdf|20|lbl=xvi}}
 
| class="noline" | [http://fechtgeschichte.blogspot.de/2014/08/das-fechtbuch-des-nicolai-giganti-in.html Text to copy over]
 
| class="noline" | [http://fechtgeschichte.blogspot.de/2014/08/das-fechtbuch-des-nicolai-giganti-in.html Text to copy over]
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
Line 227: Line 231:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 03 Nicoletto Giganti.png|200px|center|Nicoletto Giganti]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 03 Nicoletto Giganti.png|400x400px|center|Nicoletto Giganti]]
 
| GUARDS AND COUNTERGUARDS
 
| GUARDS AND COUNTERGUARDS
  
Line 249: Line 253:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 04 Figure 01.png|200px|center|Figure 1]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 04 Figure 01.png|400x400px|center|Figure 1]]
 
| The method of throwing the stoccata
 
| The method of throwing the stoccata
  
Line 271: Line 275:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 05 Figure 02.png|200px|center|Figure 2]]<br/>[[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 06 Figure 03.png|200px|center|Figure 3]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 05 Figure 02.png|400x400px|center|Figure 2]]<br/>[[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 06 Figure 03.png|400x400px|center|Figure 3]]
  
 
| GUARDS, OR POSTURES
 
| GUARDS, OR POSTURES
Line 282: Line 286:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 07 Figure 04.png|200px|center|Figure 4]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 07 Figure 04.png|400x400px|center|Figure 4]]
 
| EXPLANATION OF WOUNDING IN TEMPO
 
| EXPLANATION OF WOUNDING IN TEMPO
  
Line 295: Line 299:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 08 Figure 05.png|200px|center|Figure 5]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 08 Figure 05.png|400x400px|center|Figure 5]]
 
| THE PROPER METHOD OF GOING TO BIND THE ENEMY AND STRIKE HIM while he disengages the sword
 
| THE PROPER METHOD OF GOING TO BIND THE ENEMY AND STRIKE HIM while he disengages the sword
  
Line 317: Line 321:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 09 Figure 06.png|200px|center|Figure 6]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 09 Figure 06.png|400x400px|center|Figure 6]]
 
| THE INSIDE COUNTERDISENGAGE OF THE SWORD
 
| THE INSIDE COUNTERDISENGAGE OF THE SWORD
  
Line 328: Line 332:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 10 Figure 07.png|200px|center|Figure 7]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 10 Figure 07.png|400x400px|center|Figure 7]]
 
| THE COUNTERDISENGAGE<br/>OF THE SWORD ON THE OUTSIDE
 
| THE COUNTERDISENGAGE<br/>OF THE SWORD ON THE OUTSIDE
  
Line 339: Line 343:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 11 Figure 08.png|200px|center|Figure 8]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 11 Figure 08.png|400x400px|center|Figure 8]]
 
| EXPLANATION<br/>OF THE FEINT<br/>Making a show of disengaging the sword with your wrist
 
| EXPLANATION<br/>OF THE FEINT<br/>Making a show of disengaging the sword with your wrist
  
Line 357: Line 361:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 12 Figure 09.png|200px|center|Figure 9]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 12 Figure 09.png|400x400px|center|Figure 9]]
 
| METHOD OF WOUNDING IN THE CHEST<br/>WITH THE SINGLE SWORD WHEN THEY  ARE IN<br/>measure with the swords equal
 
| METHOD OF WOUNDING IN THE CHEST<br/>WITH THE SINGLE SWORD WHEN THEY  ARE IN<br/>measure with the swords equal
  
Line 368: Line 372:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 13 Figure 10.png|200px|center|Figure 10]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 13 Figure 10.png|400x400px|center|Figure 10]]
 
| THE PASS WITH FEINT AT A DISTANCE
 
| THE PASS WITH FEINT AT A DISTANCE
  
Line 390: Line 394:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 14 Figure 11.png|200px|center|Figure 11]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 14 Figure 11.png|400x400px|center|Figure 11]]
 
| THE FEINT TO THE FACE AT A DISTANCE
 
| THE FEINT TO THE FACE AT A DISTANCE
  
Line 401: Line 405:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 15 Figure 12.png|200px|center|Figure 12]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 15 Figure 12.png|400x400px|center|Figure 12]]
 
| THE PROPER METHOD TO GIVE<br/>A THRUST WITH THE SINGLE SWORD<br/>WHILE THE ENEMY THROWS<br/>a cut
 
| THE PROPER METHOD TO GIVE<br/>A THRUST WITH THE SINGLE SWORD<br/>WHILE THE ENEMY THROWS<br/>a cut
  
Line 414: Line 418:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 16 Figure 13.png|200px|center|Figure 13]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 16 Figure 13.png|400x400px|center|Figure 13]]
 
| THE PROPER WAY TO SAFELY WOUND<br/>with both hands and the single sword
 
| THE PROPER WAY TO SAFELY WOUND<br/>with both hands and the single sword
  
Line 427: Line 431:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 17 Figure 14.png|200px|center|Figure 14]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 17 Figure 14.png|400x400px|center|Figure 14]]
 
| THE PROPER WAY<br/>TO PARRY THE CUT<br/>OR RIVERSO, THAT COMES AT THE LEG
 
| THE PROPER WAY<br/>TO PARRY THE CUT<br/>OR RIVERSO, THAT COMES AT THE LEG
  
Line 440: Line 444:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 18 Figure 15.png|200px|center|Figure 15]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 18 Figure 15.png|400x400px|center|Figure 15]]
 
| THE INQUARTATA<br/>OR SLIP OF THE VITA
 
| THE INQUARTATA<br/>OR SLIP OF THE VITA
  
Line 499: Line 503:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 19 Figure 16.png|200px|center|Figure 16]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 19 Figure 16.png|400x400px|center|Figure 16]]
 
| PARRYING STOCCATE<br/>THAT COME AT THE CHEST WITH THE SINGLE SWORD
 
| PARRYING STOCCATE<br/>THAT COME AT THE CHEST WITH THE SINGLE SWORD
  
Line 510: Line 514:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 20 Figure 17.png|200px|center|Figure 17]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 20 Figure 17.png|400x400px|center|Figure 17]]
 
| THE THRUST<br/>IN THE FACE<br/>TURNING YOUR WRIST
 
| THE THRUST<br/>IN THE FACE<br/>TURNING YOUR WRIST
  
Line 521: Line 525:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 21 Figure 18.png|200px|center|Figure 18]]<br/>[[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 22 Figure 19.png|200px|center|Figure 19]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 21 Figure 18.png|400x400px|center|Figure 18]]<br/>[[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 22 Figure 19.png|400x400px|center|Figure 19]]
 
| THE COUNTERDISENGAGE AT A DISTANCE
 
| THE COUNTERDISENGAGE AT A DISTANCE
 
This is one and the same counterdisengage at a distance against one who has their left foot forward and wants to pass by inquartata. I wanted to demonstrate to you with this figure the postures and wound so that it is possible to comprehend it well for the sake of necessity (when one is coming to bind you with their left foot forward). Stand in guard as you see in this figure, giving occasion to your enemy to throw at your chest. If he is a valiant man he will pass with his foot quickly and strongly turn his wrist in the manner of the inquartata in order to defend himself from your sword. In the same tempo that he passes, redisengage the sword under the hilt, lowering your vita as you see in the present figure so that you wound him in the face before he wounds you. In fact, while he carries his foot forward in order to pass it is not possible to parry. At times it is necessary to make the effect of this figure. Exercise well these two figures placed before.
 
This is one and the same counterdisengage at a distance against one who has their left foot forward and wants to pass by inquartata. I wanted to demonstrate to you with this figure the postures and wound so that it is possible to comprehend it well for the sake of necessity (when one is coming to bind you with their left foot forward). Stand in guard as you see in this figure, giving occasion to your enemy to throw at your chest. If he is a valiant man he will pass with his foot quickly and strongly turn his wrist in the manner of the inquartata in order to defend himself from your sword. In the same tempo that he passes, redisengage the sword under the hilt, lowering your vita as you see in the present figure so that you wound him in the face before he wounds you. In fact, while he carries his foot forward in order to pass it is not possible to parry. At times it is necessary to make the effect of this figure. Exercise well these two figures placed before.
Line 531: Line 535:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| class="noline" | [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 23 Figure 20.png|200px|center|Figure 20]]
+
| class="noline" | [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 23 Figure 20.png|400x400px|center|Figure 20]]
 
| class="noline" | METHOD OF PLAYING WITH THE SINGLE SWORD,<br/>while the enemy has sword and dagger
 
| class="noline" | METHOD OF PLAYING WITH THE SINGLE SWORD,<br/>while the enemy has sword and dagger
  
Line 557: Line 561:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 24 Figure 21.png|200px|center|Figure 21]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 24 Figure 21.png|400x400px|center|Figure 21]]
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING THE STOCCATA THAT COMES<br/>at the face from the right side with sword and dagger
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING THE STOCCATA THAT COMES<br/>at the face from the right side with sword and dagger
  
Line 568: Line 572:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 25 Figure 22.png|200px|center|Figure 22]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 25 Figure 22.png|400x400px|center|Figure 22]]
 
| THE PROPER METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>THE STOCCATA<br/>THAT COMES TOWARD YOUR LEFT FLANK
 
| THE PROPER METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>THE STOCCATA<br/>THAT COMES TOWARD YOUR LEFT FLANK
  
Line 579: Line 583:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 26 Figure 23.png|200px|center|Figure 23]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 26 Figure 23.png|400x400px|center|Figure 23]]
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>A THRUST THAT COMES<br/>AT YOUR RIGHT FLANK WITH SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>A THRUST THAT COMES<br/>AT YOUR RIGHT FLANK WITH SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER
  
Line 592: Line 596:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 27 Figure 24.png|200px|center|Figure 24]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 27 Figure 24.png|400x400px|center|Figure 24]]
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>THE THRUST OF SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER AT YOUR FACE
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>THE THRUST OF SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER AT YOUR FACE
  
Line 603: Line 607:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 28 Figure 25.png|200px|center|Figure 25]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 28 Figure 25.png|400x400px|center|Figure 25]]
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>THE CUT<br/>ON THE HEAD WITH SWORD AND DAGGER
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>THE CUT<br/>ON THE HEAD WITH SWORD AND DAGGER
  
Line 614: Line 618:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 29 Figure 26.png|200px|center|Figure 26]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 29 Figure 26.png|400x400px|center|Figure 26]]
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>A RIVERSO<br/>WITH THE DAGGER
 
| METHOD OF PARRYING<br/>A RIVERSO<br/>WITH THE DAGGER
  
Line 627: Line 631:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 30 Figure 27.png|200px|center|Figure 27]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 30 Figure 27.png|400x400px|center|Figure 27]]
 
| THRUST THROWN AT THE CHEST<br/>WITH THE SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER
 
| THRUST THROWN AT THE CHEST<br/>WITH THE SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER
  
Line 638: Line 642:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 31 Figure 28.png|200px|center|Figure 28]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 31 Figure 28.png|400x400px|center|Figure 28]]
 
| THROWING THE STOCCATA<br/>WHILE THE ENEMY<br/>MOVES
 
| THROWING THE STOCCATA<br/>WHILE THE ENEMY<br/>MOVES
  
Line 649: Line 653:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 32 Figure 29.png|200px|center|Figure 29]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 32 Figure 29.png|400x400px|center|Figure 29]]
 
| THRUST THROWN<br/>OVER THE DAGGER
 
| THRUST THROWN<br/>OVER THE DAGGER
  
Line 660: Line 664:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 33 Figure 30.png|200px|center|Figure 30]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 33 Figure 30.png|400x400px|center|Figure 30]]
 
| Many are the guards that can be made, because every method of holding the sword is a guard, as has been said, and all the guards are good to one who understands tempo and measure. In war one who knows how to make guards with artifice will always deceive the enemy.
 
| Many are the guards that can be made, because every method of holding the sword is a guard, as has been said, and all the guards are good to one who understands tempo and measure. In war one who knows how to make guards with artifice will always deceive the enemy.
  
Line 677: Line 681:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 34 Figure 31.png|200px|center|Figure 31]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 34 Figure 31.png|400x400px|center|Figure 31]]
 
| ARTIFICIAL GUARD<br/>UNCOVERING THE RIGHT<br/>SIDE
 
| ARTIFICIAL GUARD<br/>UNCOVERING THE RIGHT<br/>SIDE
  
Line 688: Line 692:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 35 Figure 32.png|200px|center|Figure 32]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 35 Figure 32.png|400x400px|center|Figure 32]]
 
| ARTIFICIAL GUARD<br/>UNCOVERING THE CHEST
 
| ARTIFICIAL GUARD<br/>UNCOVERING THE CHEST
  
Line 699: Line 703:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 36 Figure 33.png|200px|center|Figure 33]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 36 Figure 33.png|400x400px|center|Figure 33]]
 
| FEINT WITH SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER<br/>IN ORDER TO WOUND OVER THE DAGGER
 
| FEINT WITH SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER<br/>IN ORDER TO WOUND OVER THE DAGGER
  
Line 710: Line 714:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 37 Figure 34.png|200px|center|Figure 34]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 37 Figure 34.png|400x400px|center|Figure 34]]
 
| FEINT<br/>WITH SWORD AND DAGGER<br/>IN ORDER TO WOUND IN THE CHEST
 
| FEINT<br/>WITH SWORD AND DAGGER<br/>IN ORDER TO WOUND IN THE CHEST
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 38 Figure 35.png|200px|center|Figure 35]]
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 38 Figure 35.png|400x400px|center|Figure 35]]
 
| FEINT<br/>WITH SWORD AND DAGGER<br/>AT THE FACE<br/>Disengaging the sword over the point of the dagger
 
| FEINT<br/>WITH SWORD AND DAGGER<br/>AT THE FACE<br/>Disengaging the sword over the point of the dagger
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 39 Figure 36.png|200px|center|Figure 36]]
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 39 Figure 36.png|400x400px|center|Figure 36]]
 
| PARRYING THE<br/>LONG STOCCATA<br/>WITH THE SWORD<br/>BY BRINGING<br/>the vita back
 
| PARRYING THE<br/>LONG STOCCATA<br/>WITH THE SWORD<br/>BY BRINGING<br/>the vita back
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 40 Figure 37.png|200px|center|Figure 37]]
+
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 40 Figure 37.png|400x400px|center|Figure 37]]
 
| PARRYING WITH<br/>THE DAGGER,<br/>BRINGING THE VITA BACK
 
| PARRYING WITH<br/>THE DAGGER,<br/>BRINGING THE VITA BACK
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 41 Figure 38.png|200px|center|Figure 38]]
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 41 Figure 38.png|400x400px|center|Figure 38]]
 
| PARRYING WITH<br/>THE DAGGER,<br/>CARRYING THE VITA<br/>BACK,<br/>and wounding with the sword in the same tempo
 
| PARRYING WITH<br/>THE DAGGER,<br/>CARRYING THE VITA<br/>BACK,<br/>and wounding with the sword in the same tempo
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 42 Figure 39.png|200px|center|Figure 39]]
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 42 Figure 39.png|400x400px|center|Figure 39]]
 
| THE THRUST AT THE FACE<br/>PARRYING WITH THE SWORD
 
| THE THRUST AT THE FACE<br/>PARRYING WITH THE SWORD
  
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 43 Figure 40.png|200px|center|Figure 40]]
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 43 Figure 40.png|400x400px|center|Figure 40]]
 
| THE PASS<br/>WITH SWORD AND DAGGER<br/>IN ORDER TO COME<br/>TO GRIPS<br/>and wound with the dagger in the face
 
| THE PASS<br/>WITH SWORD AND DAGGER<br/>IN ORDER TO COME<br/>TO GRIPS<br/>and wound with the dagger in the face
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 44 Figure 41.png|200px|center|Figure 41]]
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| [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 44 Figure 41.png|400x400px|center|Figure 41]]
 
| THE THRUST<br/>WITH THE SWORD AND DAGGER<br/>THROWN ON THE SIDE<br/>of the right shoulder
 
| THE THRUST<br/>WITH THE SWORD AND DAGGER<br/>THROWN ON THE SIDE<br/>of the right shoulder
  
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|-  
| class="noline" | [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 45 Figure 42.png|200px|center|Figure 42]]
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| class="noline" | [[File:Scola, overo teatro (Giganti) 45 Figure 42.png|400x400px|center|Figure 42]]
 
| class="noline" | PASSING<br/>WITH THE FOOT<br/>WITH SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER
 
| class="noline" | PASSING<br/>WITH THE FOOT<br/>WITH SWORD<br/>AND DAGGER
  
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[[Category:Rapier and Shield]]
 
[[Category:Rapier and Shield]]
  
[[Category:Format on hold]]
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[[Category:Old format]]

Revision as of 23:07, 12 July 2020

Nicoletto Giganti
Born 1550-1560
Fossombrone, Italy
Died after 1622
Venice, Italy (?)
Occupation
Nationality Italian
Citizenship Republic of Venice
Patron Cosimo II de Medici
Influenced Bondì di Mazo (?)
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s)

Nicoletto Giganti (Niccoletto, Nicolat; 1550s-after 1622[1]) was a 16th – 17th century Italian soldier and fencing master. He was likely born to a noble family in Fossombrone in central Italy,[2] and only later became a citizen of Venice as he stated on the title page of his 1606 treatise. Little is known of Giganti’s life, but in the dedication to his 1606 treatise he counts twenty seven years of professional experience (possibly referring to service in the Venetian military, a long tradition of the Giganti family).[3] The preface to his 1608 treatise describes him as a Mastro d'Arme of the Order of St. Stephen in Pisa, giving some further clues to his career.

In 1606, Giganti published a popular treatise on the use of the rapier (both single and with the dagger) titled Scola, overo teatro ("School or Fencing Hall"). This treatise is structured as a series of progressively more complex lessons, and Tom Leoni opines that this treatise is the best pedagogical work on rapier fencing of the early 17th century.[4] It is also the first treatise to fully articulate the principle of the lunge.

In 1608, Giganti made good the promise in his first book that he would publish a second volume.[5] Titled Libro secondo di Niccoletto Giganti Venetiano, it covers the same weapons as the first as well as rapier and buckler, rapier and cloak, rapier and shield, single dagger, and mixed weapon encounters. This text in turn promises two additional works, on the dagger and on cutting with the rapier, but there is no record of these books ever being published.

While Giganti's second book quickly disappeared from history, his first seems to have been quite popular: reprints, mostly unauthorized, sprang up many times over the subsequent decades, both in the original Italian and, beginning in 1619, in French and German translations. This unauthorized dual-language edition also included book 2 of Salvator Fabris' 1606 treatise Lo Schermo, overo Scienza d’Arme which, coupled with the loss of Giganti's true second book, is probably what has lead many later bibliographers to accuse Giganti himself of plagiarism.

Treatise

Research on Giganti's newly-rediscovered second book is still ongoing, and it is not currently included in the tables below.

Additional Resources

  • Giganti, Nicoletto; Pendragon, Joshua; Terminiello, Piermarco. The 'Lost' Second Book of Nicoletto Giganti (1608): A Rapier Fencing Treatise. Vulpes, 2013. ISBN 978-1909348318
  • Leoni, Tom. Venetian Rapier: The School, or Salle. Nicoletto Giganti's 1606 Rapier Fencing Curriculum. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9825911-2-3
  • Mediema, Aaron Taylor. Nicoletto Giganti's the School of the Sword: A New Translation by Aaron Taylor Miedema. Legacy Books Press, 2014. ISBN 978-1927537077

References

  1. Leoni, p xii.
  2. Lancellotti, Francesco Maria. Quadro letterario degli uomini illustri della città di Fossombrone. In Colucci, Giuseppe. Antichità picene, XXVIII. Fermo, 1796. p 33.
  3. Calcaterra, Francesco. Corti e cortigiani nella Roma barocca. Rome, 2012. p 76.
  4. Leoni, p xi.
  5. This treatise was considered lost for centuries, and as early as 1673 the Sicilian master Giuseppe Morsicato Pallavicini stated that this second book was never published at all. See La seconda parte della scherma illustrata. Palermo, 1673. p v.