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Difference between revisions of "Johannes Liechtenauer"

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<section end="Hauptstücke"/><section begin="Zornhaw"/>
 
<section end="Hauptstücke"/><section begin="Zornhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| &nbsp;
+
|  
<poem><small>27</small>
 
 
 
<small>28</small>
 
 
 
<small>29</small>
 
 
 
<small>30</small>
 
 
 
<small>31</small></poem>
 
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Wrath Stroke}}</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Wrath Stroke}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Who strikes at you above,<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;the Wrath stroke threatens him with the point.<br/>
+
| <small>27</small>
If he becomes aware of it,<br/>
+
| Who strikes at you above,<br/>&emsp;the Wrath stroke threatens him with the point.
&emsp;take it away above without fear.<br/>
+
|-
Be strong against it;<br/>
+
| <small>28</small>
&emsp;wind, thrust. If he sees that, take it down.<br/>
+
| If he becomes aware of it,<br/>&emsp;take it away above without fear.
Note this:<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;strike, thrust, posture, soft or hard,<br/>
+
| <small>29</small>
Instantly, and Before and After.<br/>
+
| Be strong against it;<br/>&emsp;wind, thrust. If he sees that, take it down.
&emsp;Your War should not be in haste.</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>30</small>
 +
| Note this:<br/>&emsp;strike, thrust, posture, soft or hard,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>31</small>
 +
| Instantly, and Before and After.<br/>&emsp;Your War should not be in haste.
 +
|}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 018v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 018v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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<section end="Zornhaw"/><section begin="Krieg"/>
 
<section end="Zornhaw"/><section begin="Krieg"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| &nbsp;
+
|  
<poem><small>32</small>
 
 
 
<small>33</small>
 
 
 
<small>34</small>
 
 
 
<small>35</small></poem>
 
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|[The War]}}</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|[The War]}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Who to the War tends above,<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;gets ashamed below.<br/>
+
| <small>32</small>
In all winding<br/>
+
| Who to the War tends above,<br/>&emsp;gets ashamed below.
&emsp;learn to find stroke, thrust, and slice.<br/>
+
|-
Also you should<br/>
+
| <small>33</small>
&emsp;Apply stroke, thrust, or slice,<br/>
+
| In all winding<br/>&emsp;learn to find stroke, thrust, and slice.
in all encounters,<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;if you want to fool the masters.</p>
+
| <small>34</small>
 +
| Also you should<br/>&emsp;Apply stroke, thrust, or slice,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>35</small>
 +
| In all encounters,<br/>&emsp;if you want to fool the masters.
 +
|}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 018v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 018v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 986: Line 981:
 
<section end="Krieg"/><section begin="Blossen"/>
 
<section end="Krieg"/><section begin="Blossen"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| &nbsp;
+
|  
<poem><small>36</small>
 
 
 
<small>37</small></poem>
 
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Four Openings}}</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Four Openings}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Four openings know,<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;aim: so you hit certainly,<br/>
+
| <small>36</small>
without any danger<br/>
+
| Four openings know,<br/>&emsp;aim: so you hit certainly,
&emsp;without regard for how he acts;</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>37</small>
 +
| Without any danger<br/>&emsp;without regard for how he acts;
 +
|}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|1|lbl=19r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|1|lbl=19r}}
Line 1,070: Line 1,065:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| &nbsp;
+
|  
<poem><small>38</small>
 
 
 
<small>39</small>
 
 
 
<small>40</small>
 
 
 
<small>41</small></poem>
 
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|To Counter the Four Openings}}</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|To Counter the Four Openings}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>If you want to avenge yourself,<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;break the four openings with skill:<br/>
+
| <small>38</small>
double above,<br/>
+
| If you want to avenge yourself,<br/>&emsp;break the four openings with skill:
&emsp;transmute below correctly.<br/>
+
|-
I say to you truthfully:<br/>
+
| <small>39</small>
&emsp;no one can defend himself without danger;<br/>
+
| Double above,<br/>&emsp;transmute below correctly.
if you have correctly learned,<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;he will scarcely manage to strike.</p>
+
| <small>40</small>
 +
| I say to you truthfully:<br/>&emsp;no one can defend himself without danger;
 +
|-
 +
| <small>41</small>
 +
| If you have correctly learned,<br/>&emsp;he will scarcely manage to strike.
 +
|}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 1,223: Line 1,216:
 
<section end="Blossen"/><section begin="Krumphaw"/>
 
<section end="Blossen"/><section begin="Krumphaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <br/><br/>
+
|  
<poem><small>42</small>
 
 
 
<small>43</small>
 
 
 
<small>44</small>
 
 
 
<small>45</small>
 
 
 
<small>46</small>
 
 
 
<small>47</small>
 
 
 
<small>48</small></poem>
 
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Crooked Stroke}}<br/><br/></p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Crooked Stroke}}<br/><br/></p>
  
<p>Crooked on him with nimbleness,<br/>
+
{| class="zettel"
&emsp;throw the point on the hands.<br/>
+
|-
Who performs the crooked well,<br/>
+
| <small>42</small>
&emsp;with stepping he hinders many a stroke.<br/>
+
| Crooked on him with nimbleness,<br/>&emsp;throw the point on the hands.
Strike crooked to the flats<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;of the Masters if you want to weaken them.<br/>
+
| <small>43</small>
When it clashes above,<br/>
+
| Who performs the crooked well,<br/>&emsp;with stepping he hinders many a stroke.
&emsp;Then move away, that I will praise.<br/>
+
|-
Don't do the Crooked, strike short,<br/>
+
| <small>44</small>
&emsp;Changing through show with this.<br/>
+
| Strike crooked to the flats<br/>&emsp;of the Masters if you want to weaken them.
Strike crooked to who irritates you,<br/>
+
|-
&emsp;the Noble War will confuse him,<br/>
+
| <small>45</small>
that he will not know truthfully<br/>
+
| When it clashes above,<br/>&emsp;Then move away, that I will praise.
&emsp;where he can be without danger.</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>46</small>
 +
| Don't do the Crooked, strike short,<br/>&emsp;Changing through show with this.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>47</small>
 +
| Strike crooked to who irritates you,<br/>&emsp;the Noble War will confuse him,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>48</small>
 +
| That he will not know truthfully<br/>&emsp;where he can be without danger.
 +
|}
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 1,439: Line 1,428:
 
<section end="Krumphaw"/><section begin="Twerhaw"/>
 
<section end="Krumphaw"/><section begin="Twerhaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <br/><br/>
+
|  
<poem><small>49</small>
+
<small>49</small>
  
 
<small>50</small>
 
<small>50</small>
Line 1,448: Line 1,437:
 
<small>52</small></poem>
 
<small>52</small></poem>
 
| {{red|b=1|The Thwart Stroke}}<br/><br/>
 
| {{red|b=1|The Thwart Stroke}}<br/><br/>
<poem>The Thwart Stroke takes
+
<poem>The Thwart Stroke takes<br/>&emsp;whatever comes from the roof.
:whatever comes from the roof.
+
Thwart with the strong,<br/>&emsp;note your work with this.
Thwart with the strong,
+
Thwart to the Plow;<br/>&emsp;to the Ox hard together.
:note your work with this.
+
He who thwarts well<br/>&emsp;with springing he endangers the head.</poem>
Thwart to the Plow;
 
:to the Ox hard together.
 
He who thwarts well
 
:with springing he endangers the head.</poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 1,574: Line 1,559:
  
 
<small>57</small></poem>
 
<small>57</small></poem>
| <poem>Whoever conducts the Failer
+
| <poem>Whoever conducts the Failer<br/>&emsp;from below he hits at his will.
:from below he hits at his will.
+
The Reverser enforces the<br/>&emsp;running through and also brings wrestling.
The Reverser enforces the
+
The elbow take certainly,<br/>&emsp;spring into his balance.
:running through and also brings wrestling.
+
Double the Failer,<br/>&emsp;if you hit, also make the slice.
The elbow take certainly,
+
Twice further on,<br/>&emsp;step to the left and do not be slow.</poem>
:spring into his balance.
 
Double the Failer,
 
:if you hit, also make the slice.
 
Twice further on,
 
:step to the left and do not be slow.</poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 1,728: Line 1,708:
 
| {{red|b=1|The Squinting Stroke}}
 
| {{red|b=1|The Squinting Stroke}}
 
<poem>The Squinter breaks into
 
<poem>The Squinter breaks into
:whatever a buffalo strikes or thrusts.
+
&emsp;whatever a buffalo strikes or thrusts.
 
Who threatens to change through,
 
Who threatens to change through,
:the Squinter robs him of it.
+
&emsp;the Squinter robs him of it.
 
Squint when he is short against you,
 
Squint when he is short against you,
:changing through defeats him.
+
&emsp;changing through defeats him.
 
Squint to the point,
 
Squint to the point,
:and take the throat without fear.
+
&emsp;and take the throat without fear.
 
Squint to the head above
 
Squint to the head above
:if you want to damage the hands.</poem>
+
&emsp;if you want to damage the hands.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|1|lbl=19v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|1|lbl=19v}}
Line 1,884: Line 1,864:
 
| {{red|b=1|The Scalp Cut}}
 
| {{red|b=1|The Scalp Cut}}
 
<poem>The Scalper
 
<poem>The Scalper
:is a danger to the face,
+
&emsp;is a danger to the face,
 
with its turn,
 
with its turn,
:very dangerous to the breast.
+
&emsp;very dangerous to the breast.
 
Whatever comes from him,
 
Whatever comes from him,
:the Crown will take it.
+
&emsp;the Crown will take it.
 
Slice through the Crown,
 
Slice through the Crown,
:thus you will break it hard through.
+
&emsp;thus you will break it hard through.
 
Press the strokes,
 
Press the strokes,
:with slices pull them away.</poem>
+
&emsp;with slices pull them away.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,024: Line 2,004:
 
| {{red|b=1|The Four Guards}}
 
| {{red|b=1|The Four Guards}}
 
<poem>Four guards alone hold;
 
<poem>Four guards alone hold;
:and disdain the common.
+
&emsp;And disdain the common.
 
Ox, Plow, Fool,
 
Ox, Plow, Fool,
:From the Roof should not be unknown to you.</poem>
+
&emsp;From the Roof should not be unknown to you.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,108: Line 2,088:
 
| {{red|b=1|The Four Oppositions}}
 
| {{red|b=1|The Four Oppositions}}
 
<poem>Four are the oppositions
 
<poem>Four are the oppositions
:that hurt the four guards very much.  
+
&emsp;that hurt the four guards very much.  
 
Beware of parrying.
 
Beware of parrying.
:If it happens to you, it troubles you greatly.
+
&emsp;If it happens to you, it troubles you greatly.
 
If you are parried
 
If you are parried
:and when that has happened,
+
&emsp;and when that has happened,
 
hear what I advise to you:
 
hear what I advise to you:
:Tear away and strike quickly with surprise.
+
&emsp;Tear away and strike quickly with surprise.
 
Set upon the four ends.
 
Set upon the four ends.
:Stay upon them, learn if you want to bring it to an end.</poem>
+
&emsp;Stay upon them, learn if you want to bring it to an end.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 2,260: Line 2,240:
 
| {{red|b=1|Chasing}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Chasing}}
 
<poem>Learn the chasing
 
<poem>Learn the chasing
:twice, or slice into the weapon.
+
&emsp;twice, or slice into the weapon.
 
Two outer intentions.
 
Two outer intentions.
:The work after that begins.
+
&emsp;The work after that begins.
 
And test the attacks
 
And test the attacks
:if they are soft or hard.
+
&emsp;if they are soft or hard.
 
Learn the feeling.
 
Learn the feeling.
:The word Instantly slices sharply.
+
&emsp;The word Instantly slices sharply.
 
Chase twice,
 
Chase twice,
:if you hit, do the Ancient Slice as well.</poem>
+
&emsp;if you hit, do the Ancient Slice as well.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 019v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 2,405: Line 2,385:
 
| {{red|b=1|Overrunning}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Overrunning}}
 
<poem>Who wants to strike below,
 
<poem>Who wants to strike below,
:overrun him, and he will be shamed.
+
&emsp;overrun him, and he will be shamed.
 
When it clashes above,
 
When it clashes above,
:then strengthen: this I truly do praise.
+
&emsp;then strengthen: this I truly do praise.
 
Do your work,
 
Do your work,
:or press hard twice.</poem>
+
&emsp;or press hard twice.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|1|lbl=20r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|1|lbl=20r}}
Line 2,502: Line 2,482:
 
| {{red|b=1|Setting Aside}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Setting Aside}}
 
<poem>Learn to set aside,
 
<poem>Learn to set aside,
:To skillfully hinder stroke and thrust.
+
&emsp;To skillfully hinder stroke and thrust.
 
Who thrusts at you,
 
Who thrusts at you,
:your point hits and counters his.
+
&emsp;your point hits and counters his.
 
From both sides
 
From both sides
:hit every time if you want to step.</poem>
+
&emsp;hit every time if you want to step.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
Line 2,604: Line 2,584:
  
 
Learn the changing through<br/>
 
Learn the changing through<br/>
from both sides, thrust with intent.<br/>
+
&emsp;from both sides, thrust with intent.<br/>
 
Whoever binds to you,<br/>
 
Whoever binds to you,<br/>
changing through will find him indeed.
+
&emsp;changing through will find him indeed.
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 005v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 005v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{red|b=1|vom Durch wechsel}}
+
| {{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 004v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
<poem>Durchwechsel lere
 
von baiden siten stich nit sere
 
Der uff dich bindet
 
Durch wechsel in schier findet</poem>
 
 
| <br/>
 
| <br/>
 
<poem>Dorch wessel lere
 
<poem>Dorch wessel lere
Line 2,684: Line 2,660:
 
| {{red|b=1|Pulling}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Pulling}}
 
<poem>Step close in binding.  
 
<poem>Step close in binding.  
:The pulling provides good finds.  
+
&emsp;The pulling provides good finds.  
 
Pull—if he meets, pull more.  
 
Pull—if he meets, pull more.  
:Find the work that will hurt him.  
+
&emsp;Find the work that will hurt him.  
 
Pull in all encounters
 
Pull in all encounters
:against the Masters, if you want to fool them.</poem>
+
&emsp;against the Masters, if you want to fool them.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 005v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 005v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{red|b=1|vom zucken alle treffen}}
+
|  
<poem>tuo nahet eyn binden
+
{{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 004v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 005r.jpg|1|lbl=5r|p=1}}
Die zucken gend gut finde
 
'''[5r]''' zuck trift erß tzuck mer
 
arbait er find in dut im we
 
zuck alle treffen
 
den maistern wiltu sie effen</poem>
 
 
| <br/>
 
| <br/>
 
<poem>Drit nachet i~ binden
 
<poem>Drit nachet i~ binden
Line 2,789: Line 2,760:
 
| {{red|b=1|Running Through}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Running Through}}
 
<poem>Run through, let hang  
 
<poem>Run through, let hang  
:with the pommel. Grasp if you want to wrestle.
+
&emsp;with the pommel. Grasp if you want to wrestle.
 
Who comes strongly at you,
 
Who comes strongly at you,
:the running through then remember.</poem>
+
&emsp;the running through then remember.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 005v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 005v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
| {{red|b=1|vom durch louff}}
+
| {{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 005r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
<poem>Durch louff lauß hengen
 
Mit dem knopf griff wilt ringen
 
wer gegen die stercke
 
durch louff damit mercke</poem>
 
 
| <br/>
 
| <br/>
 
<poem>Dorloff das hange~
 
<poem>Dorloff das hange~
Line 2,867: Line 2,834:
 
| {{red|b=1|Slicing Off}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Slicing Off}}
 
<poem>Slice off the hard ones,
 
<poem>Slice off the hard ones,
:from below in both attacks.
+
&emsp;from below in both attacks.
 
Four are the slices:
 
Four are the slices:
:two below and two above.</poem>
+
&emsp;two below and two above.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 005v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 005v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{red|b=1|vom abschniden}}
+
| {{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 005r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
<poem>Schnid ab die hörte
 
von unden in baiden geferte
 
vier sind der schnit
 
zwen unden zwen obnen mit</poem>
 
 
| <br/>
 
| <br/>
 
<poem>Snid aff dei hertzen
 
<poem>Snid aff dei hertzen
Line 2,947: Line 2,910:
 
| {{red|b=1|Pressing Hands}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Pressing Hands}}
 
<poem>Turn your edge,
 
<poem>Turn your edge,
:press the hands to the flats.</poem>
+
&emsp;press the hands to the flats.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
Line 2,953: Line 2,916:
  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 006r.jpg|1|lbl=6r}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 006r.jpg|1|lbl=6r}}
| {{red|b=1|vom hennd trucken}}<br/><br/><br/>
+
| {{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 005r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
<poem>Din schnyd ver wende
 
in die zwierh gar behende
 
und gang nach an den man
 
stoss mit dem ghiltz schon
 
wiltu denn nit schallen
 
so hastu zway eynfallen</poem>
 
 
| <br/><br/><br/>
 
| <br/><br/><br/>
 
<poem>Dyne snyden went
 
<poem>Dyne snyden went
Line 3,009: Line 2,966:
 
| {{red|b=1|Two Hangings}}
 
| {{red|b=1|Two Hangings}}
 
<poem>There are two hangings
 
<poem>There are two hangings
:from one side from the ground.
+
&emsp;from one side from the ground.
 
In all attacks
 
In all attacks
:strike, thrust, posture—soft or hard.</poem>
+
&emsp;strike, thrust, posture—soft or hard.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020r.jpg|8|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 006r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 006r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{red|b=1|von den zwain hengen}}
+
| {{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 005r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
<poem>wer dir zestarck welle sin
 
heng fall im oben eyn
 
zwey hengen werden
 
uß ainer hand von der erden
 
Doch in allem geferte
 
So machstu sin waich oder hörte</poem>
 
 
| <br/><br/><br/>
 
| <br/><br/><br/>
 
<poem>Tzwe~ hengen w°den
 
<poem>Tzwe~ hengen w°den
Line 3,093: Line 3,044:
 
| {{red|b=1|The Speaking Window}}
 
| {{red|b=1|The Speaking Window}}
 
<poem>Do the Speaking Window,  
 
<poem>Do the Speaking Window,  
:stand blithely and look at his actions.  
+
&emsp;stand blithely and look at his actions.  
 
Strike him until he is defeated.  
 
Strike him until he is defeated.  
:When he withdraws from you,
+
&emsp;When he withdraws from you,
 
I say to you truthfully:
 
I say to you truthfully:
:no one protects himself without danger.
+
&emsp;no one protects himself without danger.
 
If you have learned this,
 
If you have learned this,
:he can scarcely manage to strike.</poem>
+
&emsp;he can scarcely manage to strike.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020v.jpg|1|lbl=20v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020v.jpg|1|lbl=20v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 006r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 006r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{red|b=1|von sprech venster}}
+
| {{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 005r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 005v.jpg|1|lbl=5v|p=1}}
<poem>Sprechfenster mache
 
stand frolich besich für sache
 
wer sich var dir zühet abe
 
Slah uff in Daz eß schnape
 
'''[5v]''' luog und schüch kain man
 
eß schatt nit waß er kan
 
hastuß recht vernomen
 
zu dem slag lauß in nit komen</poem>
 
 
| <br/>
 
| <br/>
 
<poem>Spreck vinster mache
 
<poem>Spreck vinster mache
Line 3,235: Line 3,178:
 
| {{red|b=1|This is the Conclusion of the Epitome}}<br/><br/>
 
| {{red|b=1|This is the Conclusion of the Epitome}}<br/><br/>
 
<poem>Who conducts well and breaks properly
 
<poem>Who conducts well and breaks properly
:and finally makes it all right
+
&emsp;and finally makes it all right
 
And splits particularly
 
And splits particularly
:everything into three wounders
+
&emsp;everything into three wounders
 
Who properly well hangs
 
Who properly well hangs
:and also executes the windings,
+
&emsp;and also executes the windings,
 
and the eight windings
 
and the eight windings
:views in a righteous way,
+
&emsp;views in a righteous way,
 
and each one of
 
and each one of
:those same winds I consider to be triple  
+
&emsp;those same winds I consider to be triple  
 
so they are  
 
so they are  
:twenty-four.  
+
&emsp;twenty-four.  
 
And count them only, from both sides.
 
And count them only, from both sides.
:Eight windings learn with stepping.
+
&emsp;Eight windings learn with stepping.
 
And test the bind
 
And test the bind
:no more than soft or hard.</poem>
+
&emsp;no more than soft or hard.</poem>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Chart.A.558 020v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 006r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 006r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{red|b=1|Die besliessung der zetel}}<br/><br/>
+
| {{section|Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 005v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
<poem>wer wol bricht
 
und endlich gar bericht
 
und brichz besunder
 
Jeglichß in drü winden
 
wer wol hengt
 
und winden dar mit bringt
 
und wint mit achte
 
mit rechter betrachte
 
Darmit ir aine
 
Die winden selbdritt ich maine
 
so sind ir zwaintzig
 
und vier zel sie aintzig
 
von baiden siten
 
Acht winden mit schriten</poem>
 
 
| <br/><br/>
 
| <br/><br/>
 
<poem>wer wol bricht
 
<poem>wer wol bricht

Revision as of 22:10, 18 April 2017

Die Zettel
The Recital
Johannes Liechtenauer.png
Full Title A Recital on the Chivalric
Art of Fencing
Ascribed to Johannes Liechtenauer
Illustrated by Unknown
Date Fourteenth century (?)
Genre
Language Middle High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Johannes Liechtenauer (Hans Lichtenauer, Lichtnawer) was a German fencing master in the 14th or 15th century. No direct record of his life or teachings currently exists, and all that we know of both comes from the writings of other masters and scholars. The only account of his life was written by the anonymous author of the Nuremberg Hausbuch, one of the oldest texts in the tradition, who stated that "Master Liechtenauer learnt and mastered the Art in a thorough and rightful way, but he did not invent and put together this Art (as was just stated). Instead, he traveled and searched many countries with the will of learning and mastering this rightful and true Art." He may have been alive at the time of the creation of the fencing treatise contained in the Nuremberg Hausbuch, as that source is the only one to fail to accompany his name with a blessing for the dead.

Liechtenauer was described by many later masters as the "high master" or "grand master" of the art, and a long poem called the Zettel ("Recital") is generally attributed to him by these masters. Later masters in the tradition often wrote extensive glosses (commentaries) on this poem, using it to structure their own martial teachings. Liechtenauer's influence on the German fencing tradition as we currently understand it is almost impossible to overstate. The masters on Paulus Kal's roll of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer were responsible for most of the most significant fencing manuals of the 15th century, and Liechtenauer and his teachings were also the focus of the German fencing guilds that arose in the 15th and 16th centuries, including the Marxbrüder and the Veiterfechter.

Additional facts have sometimes been presumed about Liechtenauer based on often-problematic premises. The Nuremberg Hausbuch, often erroneously dated to 1389 and presumed to be written by a direct student of Liechtenauer's, has been treated as evidence placing Liechtenauer's career in the mid-1300s.[1] However, given that the Nuremberg Hausbuch may date as late as 1494 and the earliest records of the identifiable members of his tradition appear in the early 1400s, it seems more probable that Liechtenauer's career occurred toward the beginning of the 15th century. Ignoring the Nuremberg Hausbuch as being of indeterminate date, the oldest version of the Recital appears in the MS G.B.f.18.a, dating to ca. 1418-28 and attributed to an H. Beringer, which both conforms to this timeline and suggests the possibility that Liechtenauer was himself an inheritor of the teaching rather than its original composer (presentations of the Recital that are entirely unattributed exist in other 15th and 16th century manuscripts).

Treatise

Liechtenauer's teachings are preserved in a brief poem of rhyming couplets called the Zettel ("Recital"). These "secret and hidden words" were intentionally cryptic, probably to prevent the uninitiated from learning the techniques they represented; they also seem to have offered a system of mnemonic devices to those who understood their significance. The Recital was treated as the core of the Art by his students, and masters such as Sigmund ain Ringeck, Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt, and Jud Lew wrote extensive glosses that sought to clarify and expand upon these teachings.

Twenty-one manuscripts contain a presentation of the Recital as a separate (unglossed) section; there are dozens more presentations of the verse as part of one of the several glosses. The longest version of the Recital by far is found in the gloss from the Nuremberg Hausbuch, which contains almost twice as many verses as any other. However, given that the additional verses tend to either consist of repetitions from elsewhere in the Recital or use a very different style from Liechtenauer's work, they are generally treated as additions by the anonymous author or his instructor rather than being part of the standard Recital. The other surviving versions of the Recital from all periods show a high degree of consistency in both content and organization, excepting only the version attributed to H. Beringer (which is also included in the writings of Hans Folz).

The following tables include only those manuscripts that quote Liechtenauer's Recital in an unglossed form. Note that in the case of Beringer and Folz, the verse is presented in an alternative sequence; they have been reordered to match the others in this rendition, but you can find the original layout in their articles.

In addition to the verses on mounted fencing, several treatises in the Liechtenauer tradition include a group of twenty-six figuren ("figures")—single line abbreviations of the longer couplets, generally drawn in circles, which seem to sum up the most important points. The precise reason for the existence of these figures remains unknown, as does the reason why there are no equivalents for the armored fencing or unarmored fencing verses.

One clue to their significance may be a parallel set of teachings first recorded by Andre Paurñfeyndt in 1516, called the "Twelve Teachings for the Beginning Fencer".[17] These teachings are also generally abbreviations of longer passages in the Bloßfechten, and are similarly repeated in many treatises throughout the 16th century. It may be that the figures are a mnemonic that represent the initial stage of mounted fencing instruction, and that the full verse was taught only afterward.

Additional Resources

References

  1. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. p6
  2. Kein eindeutiges z.
  3. The first letter has been corrected so that the word is ambiguous to identify.
  4. Written larger than normal.
  5. In the Bavarian dialect: freien = freuen, a freit = eine Freude.
  6. Gotha inserts the title Das ist der krieck in this position, but no other version separates it in that way.
  7. Between "Dupliere" and "doniden" there is a lack of space, possibly the "d" was added later.
  8. Corrected from »Im«.
  9. There is probably a missing letter here, making it "durchwechseln".
  10. W has been corrected to V.
  11. Talhoffer adds an additional couplet: [4r] Page:Ms.Thott.290.2º 004r.jpg
  12. This appears in place of the Durchwechseln verse.
  13. "oder"
  14. The meaning is unknown, but may be a part of the bridle.
  15. There are dots above the e, but it is not clear whether it really is an umlaut.
  16. "Vecht" (sound shift b→v)
  17. Andre Paurñfeyndt, et al. Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey. Hieronymus Vietor: Vienna, 1516.