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| imageleft          = File:MS Dresd.C.487 001v.png
 
| imageleft          = File:MS Dresd.C.487 001v.png
 
| imageright        = File:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png
 
| imageright        = File:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png
| width              =  
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<!----------General---------->
 
<!----------General---------->
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| Author(s)          = {{plainlist
 
| Author(s)          = {{plainlist
 
  | [[author::Johannes Liechtenauer]]
 
  | [[author::Johannes Liechtenauer]]
  | [[author::Andre Liegniczer]]
+
  | [[author::Andre Lignitzer]]
 
  | [[author::Ott Jud]]
 
  | [[author::Ott Jud]]
  | [[author::Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck]]
+
  | [[author::Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
 
}}
 
}}
 
| Compiled by        = Unknown
 
| Compiled by        = Unknown
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<!----------Form and content---------->
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
| Material          = Paper
 
| Material          = Paper
| Size              = 126 [[folia]]
+
| Size              = 126 [[folia]] (150 mm x 110 mm)
| Format            = Double-sided, with black and <br/>red ink
+
| Format            = Double-sided, with black and red ink
 
| Condition          =  
 
| Condition          =  
| Script            = [[script::Bastarda]]
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| Script            =  
 
| Contents          =  
 
| Contents          =  
 
| Illumination(s)    =  
 
| Illumination(s)    =  
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| below              =  
 
| below              =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''''Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn''''' ("Johannes Liechtenauer's Written Fencing Book"; MS Dresden C 487) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created between 1504 and 1519.<ref name="date">Werner J. Hoffmann. [http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/dokumente/html/obj31600186 "Mscr.Dresd.C.487. Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre."] ''Die deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Vorläufige Beschreibungen.'' August, 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2015.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Sächsische Landesbibliothek]] in Dresden, Germany. This manuscript is often wrongly attributed to [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck]], but although his [[gloss]] of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s Record forms a significant portion of the text, he is referred to in the third person in its introduction and was most likely not responsible for the manuscript itself. The rest of the manuscript consists of an assortment of treatises by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though unlike most such manuscripts, none of the individual treatises have attributions apart from Ringeck's.
+
'''''Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn''''' ("Johannes Liechtenauer's Written Fencing Book"; MS Dresden C 487) is a [[nationality::German]] [[fencing manual]] created between 1504 and 1519.<ref name="date">Werner J. Hoffmann. [http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/dokumente/html/obj31600186 "Mscr.Dresd.C.487. Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre."] ''Die deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Vorläufige Beschreibungen.'' August, 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2015.</ref> The original currently rests in the holdings of the [[Sächsische Landesbibliothek]] in Dresden, Germany. This manuscript is often wrongly attributed to [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]], but although his [[gloss]] of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]'s Record forms a significant portion of the text, he is referred to in the third person in its introduction and was most likely not responsible for the manuscript itself. The rest of the manuscript consists of an assortment of treatises by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though unlike most such manuscripts, none of the individual treatises have attributions apart from Ringeck's.
  
Dating this manuscript has been problematic in the past, as writers have generally assumed that it was an autograph or archetype prepared for Ringeck himself and used assumptions about his life as a starting point.<ref>See also [[Christian Henry Tobler]]. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.</ref> Thus, in 1956 Martin Wierschin dated the manuscript to the first half of the 15th century and noted that it might date to as early as the late 14th century, based on the assumptions that it was a copy of the [[Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]] and that Ringeck was a direct student of Liechtenauer in the mid-late 14th century.<ref>Wierschin 12-13.</ref> In 1985, Hans-Peter Hils postulated a date between 1438 and 1452, based on identifying the dedicatee with Albrecht III of Bavaria and assuming it was the source for the [[Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)|Cod. 44.A.8]].<ref>Hils 54-57.</ref> However, while the original text of Ringeck's gloss may indeed date to the 15th century, in 2010 Werner J. Hoffmann arrived at the currently-accepted and much later date of this manuscript through watermark analysis.<ref name="date"/>
+
Dating this manuscript has been problematic in the past, as writers have generally assumed that it was an autograph or archetype prepared for Ringeck himself and used assumptions about his life as a starting point.<ref>See also [[Christian Henry Tobler]]. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: [[Freelance Academy Press]], 2010.</ref> Thus, in 1956 Martin Wierschin dated the manuscript to the first half of the 15th century and noted that it might date to as early as the late 14th century, based on the assumptions that it was a copy of the [[Pol Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]] and that Ringeck was a direct student of Liechtenauer in the mid-late 14th century.<ref>Wierschin 12-13.</ref> In 1985, Hans-Peter Hils postulated a date between 1438 and 1452, based on identifying the dedicatee with Albrecht III of Bavaria and assuming it was the source for the [[Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)|Cod. 44.A.8]].<ref>Hils 54-57.</ref> However, while the original text of Ringeck's gloss may indeed date to the 15th century, in 2010 Werner J. Hoffmann arrived at the currently-accepted and much later date of this manuscript through watermark analysis.<ref name="date"/>
  
 
== Provenance ==
 
== Provenance ==
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| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
 
   | title = Front matter
 
   | title = Front matter
   | width = 76em
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   | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
+
! <p>Images</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 001r.png|center|200px]]
+
| [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 001r.png|center|300px]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|001r|png|lbl=01r}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|001r|png|lbl=01r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png|center|200px]]
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| class="noline" | [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png|center|300px]]
| <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the chivalric art of the long sword...}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the chivalric art of the long sword...}}</p>
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|002r|png|lbl=02r}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|002r|png|lbl=02r}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Johannes Liechtenauer|3r - 9v]]
 
! [[Johannes Liechtenauer|3r - 9v]]
| [[Recital]] by Johannes Liechtenauer
+
| [[Recital]] on [[long sword]] fencing by [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck|10v - 48v]]
+
! [[Sigmund ain Ringeck|10v - 48v]]
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's [[Recital]] on [[long sword]] fencing by Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
+
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing by [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck|49r - 54r]]
+
! [[Sigmund ain Ringeck|49r - 54r]]
| Long sword fencing by Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
+
| Long sword fencing by [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Andre Liegniczer|54r - 55v]]
+
! [[Andre Lignitzer|54r - 55v]]
| [[Arming Sword|Sword]] and [[Buckler]] by Andre Liegniczer
+
| [[Arming Sword|Sword]] and [[Buckler]] by [[Andre Lignitzer]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Johannes Liechtenauer|55v - 57r]]
 
! [[Johannes Liechtenauer|55v - 57r]]
| Recital on long sword fencing by Johannes Liechtenauer (fragment)
+
| Recital on long sword fencing by [[Johannes Liechtenauer]] (fragment)
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
 
   | title = Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing (fragment)
 
   | title = Anonymous gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing (fragment)
   | width = 56em
+
   | width = 60em
 
}}
 
}}
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
 
<section begin="credits1"/>
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Christian Trosclair]]</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>28</small>
 
| <small>28</small>
| If he becomes aware of it,<br/>&emsp;Take off above without fear.
+
| If he becomes aware of it,<br/>&emsp;Take if off above without fear.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Understand this thusly: When someone strikes onto you, then strike the wrath-hew with the long edge, as he is indicating to you in his strike with the long edge of your sword on his sword and from that moment on wind your point onwards to him also into his face with command, that is with strength.</p><section end="wrath-1"/>  
+
<p>Understand it like this: When one strikes at you from-the-roof, strike the wrath-hew with the long edge, as he is indicating to you, into his strike, upon his sword with the long edge of you sword and with this, from that moment on, wind your point into his face with command, that is with strength. </p><section end="wrath-1"/>  
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057r.png|2|lbl=57r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057v.png|1|lbl=57v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057r.png|9|lbl=57r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057v.png|1|lbl=57v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <section begin="wrath-2"/><p>And if he becomes aware of it, that is of the point, and parries him with a free parrying, then take it off above you the same way. The taking-off becomes indicated when someone parries you freely. However you shall take off or haul the strike up otherwise on his sword the nearest [it can be]. As I have indicated this to you that it comes to you earlier than the taking-off: However he parries you and if he will also parry this strike, then from that moment make one more or a perverse winding with a thrust or strike.</p><section end="wrath-2"/>
+
| <section begin="wrath-2"/><p>And if he becomes aware of it (that is, of the point) and parries it with a free displacement, then take it off above as the taking off has become indicated to you. When someone parries you freely you shall take off or deliver the strike somehow else as closely as possible on his sword. As I have indicated this to you that it more likely to happen for you than the taking-off: However he parries you, and if he will also parry this strike, then from that moment make one more or a inverted winding with a thrust or strike upon that.</p><section end="wrath-2"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|1|lbl=58r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 057v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|1|lbl=58r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <section begin="wrath-3"/><p>Also if someone strikes onto you know that you can just execute the wrath-hew wholly alone therein. And you are barely parried, when you execute it correctly as you are taught it and it is hellish to parry. When you wish to harm someone, then drive in upon them. He makes whatever he will. He strikes or thrust upon you, then he must parry it so you come to the previously depicted plays.</p><section end="wrath-3"/>
+
| <section begin="wrath-3"/><p>Also know, if someone strikes at you, that you can just drive the wrath-point wholly alone therein and you have also parried (when you drive it correctly as you are taught it) and is hellish to parry. When you wish to harm someone, then drive in upon them. He makes whatever he will. He strikes or thrust upon you, then he must parry it so you come to the previously depicted plays.</p><section end="wrath-3"/>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|2|lbl=-}}<!--
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|2|lbl=-}}<!--
 
           --><section end="Zornhaw"/><section begin="Krumphaw"/>
 
           --><section end="Zornhaw"/><section begin="Krumphaw"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <section begin="crooked-1"/><p>Item. When you fence with someone, whatever they strike at you that doesn't come right straight from high down onto you, parry that with the crook. When the recital says: "Whoever parries well, disrupts many hews with stepping" This is if someone strikes at you, then drive crooked thereon and then hew so that you come before any work and wind-in your point or strike hi so he must parry you, so that you again come to more strikes that you then may execute the failer or thrust or perverse wind or stroke or fall-across when someone parries you too low or too wide forwards with the parrying.</p><section end="crooked-1"/>
+
| <section begin="crooked-1"/><p>IItem. When you fence with someone, whatever they strike at you that does not come right straight from high down onto you, parry that with the crook. When the recital says: Whoever parries crooked well, disrupts many hews with stepping.<ref>matches folz's text</ref> This is if someone strikes at you, then drive crooked thereon and then hew so that you come before any work and wind your point or strike into him  so he must parry you, so that you again come to more strokes that you then may execute the failer or thrust or inverted wind or otherwise stroke or fall-across when someone parries you too low or too wide forwards with the parrying.</p><section end="crooked-1"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058v.png|1|lbl=58v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058v.png|1|lbl=58v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <section begin="crooked-2"/><p>Item. You shall also execute handsome settings-aside of hews or thrusts as you are taught it so that you do not drive to coarsely thereafter and that your point always stays against his face for a thrust and if it is that he strikes to the other side from your setting-aside, then do not drive after him and wind as if you will likewise set-aside on the other side and remain and thrust so that you are parried and so he must rid your thrust so that you again come to your work.</p><section end="crooked-2"/>
+
| <section begin="crooked-2"/><p>Item. You shall also drive handsome offsettings of hews or thrusts as you are taught it such that you do not drive after it too coarsely and that your point always stands towards his face in a thrust and if it is that he strikes to the other side from your offsetting, then do not drive-after him. And wind as if you will likewise offset on the other side and remain and thrust so that you are parried and so he must rid your thrust so that you again come to your work.</p><section end="crooked-2"/>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059r.png|1|lbl=59r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 058v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059r.png|1|lbl=59r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <section begin="crooked-3"/><p>Item. Note if someone knows something of the recital and parries your play crooked, if he also then winds-in the thrust, have respect thereof and passionlessly set-aside his thrust or strike and press-in your thrust or strike along-with in the same way you always work that he must parry you as surely as you him. And when you practice this yourself so that you are perfect with it when you parry someone, then you may confound and break whatever he has taken upon you because he must break off before that and parry you.</p><section end="crooked-3"/>
+
| class="noline" | <section begin="crooked-3"/><p>Item. Note if someone knows something of the recital and parries your play crooked, if he also then winds-in the thrust, have respect for that and passionlessly offset his thrust or strike and press-in your thrust or strike along-with in the same way you always work that he must parry you as surely as you him. And when you practice this yourself so that you are perfect with it when you parry someone, then you may confound and break whatever he has taken upon you because he must break off before that and parry you.</p><section end="crooked-3"/>
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059v.png|1|lbl=59v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 059v.png|1|lbl=59v|p=1}}
 
<section end="Krumphaw"/>
 
<section end="Krumphaw"/>
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| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
 
   | title = Anonymous grappling teachings
 
   | title = Anonymous grappling teachings
   | width = 56em
+
   | width = 60em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by "[[Alex and Almirena]]"</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by "[[Alex and Almirena]]"</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The First Piece: Neck-lever/hold}}</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The First Piece: Neck-lever/hold}}</p>
  
<br/>Let yourself be seized by him, even if you could prevent it. If he has seized you under the arms around the chest and pressed you against him, then he intends to lift you up. In that case, you must let yourself sink down and seize him under the knee. Resist his pressing and bend him with both hands so that the head goes behind over his back. In this way you, as a weaker one, can throw a strong man to the ground.  
+
Let yourself be seized by him, even if you could prevent it. If he has seized you under the arms around the chest and pressed you against him, then he intends to lift you up. In that case, you must let yourself sink down and seize him under the knee. Resist his pressing and bend him with both hands so that the head goes behind over his back. In this way you, as a weaker one, can throw a strong man to the ground.  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 066r.png|1|lbl=66r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 066r.png|1|lbl=66r}}
  
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There are two breaks possible against the leg:  
 
There are two breaks possible against the leg:  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 075v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 075v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|Variation on the entrance to the Fifth Death-blow}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>{{red|b=1|Variation on the entrance to the Fifth Death-blow}}</p>
  
 
Seize his right arm with the left hand at the height of the biceps. Grab him around the left side with your right arm. Set your right leg just inside to his right. At the same time turn him around to your right side and seize his right leg just under the buttocks with your left hand: thus you throw him.  
 
Seize his right arm with the left hand at the height of the biceps. Grab him around the left side with your right arm. Set your right leg just inside to his right. At the same time turn him around to your right side and seize his right leg just under the buttocks with your left hand: thus you throw him.  
| <p><br/></p>
+
| class="noline" | <p><br/></p>
  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 077r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 077v.png|1|lbl=77v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 077r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 077v.png|1|lbl=77v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
! [[Ott Jud|78r - 84r]]
 
! [[Ott Jud|78r - 84r]]
| [[Grappling]] by Ott Jud (fragment)
+
| [[Grappling]] by [[Ott Jud]] (fragment)
  
 
|-
 
|-
! 84r - 86v
+
! [[Zulaufenden ringen|84r - 86v]]
 +
| Anonymous grappling teachings (''Zulaufenden ringen'')
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
! id="page" | 88r
 
| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
   | title = Anonymous grappling teachings
+
   | title = Invocation of Saint George
   | width = 56em
+
   | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by "[[Alex and Almirena]]"</p>
+
! <p>Images</p>
! <p>Transcription<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 +
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Wrestling in Closing In}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | [[File:MS Dresd.C.487 088r.png|center|300px]]
<hr style="background:#cc0000;"/>
+
| class="noline" | <p>'''In St George's name, here begins the art.'''</p>
<p>{{red|b=1|The First Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|088r|png|lbl=88r}}
  
Hold on to his right arm and his left, and let go of his left one. Loop your right arm around his left and throw him over the head.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 084r.png|2|lbl=84r}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Second Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
If someone has hold of you under both arms, then hit him with your right arm under his left one, and set your arm on his chest, and throw him away from you.
 
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 084r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 084v.png|1|lbl=84v|p=1}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Third Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
Loop your left arm around his neck, lift him high on your left leg and throw him on your right side.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 084v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Fourth Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
Seize his right hand with your left one, pass all the way under his raised right arm so that you reach his back ('''durchlaufen'''), take him by the right leg with your right hand and throw him over you.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 084v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Fifth Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
Take hold of his right arm with both hands, pass through under his right arm to his back and throw him over you.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 084v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Sixth Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
When you close in, bend down. Take him by one leg, tear/pull it upwards and hit/kick him with your left, then he will fall.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 085r.png|1|lbl=85r}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Seventh Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
In closing in, seize both of his arms and punch him with the head against his chest, then he will fall on his back.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 085r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Eighth Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
If he takes hold of you by the shoulders, then hit upwards with your hand from below and force his arms apart. And take hold of him to wrestle, with whichever piece you prefer.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 085r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Ninth Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
Take hold of him with both hands from underneath, and place your elbows in both of his arms. And punch him with the head against the chest, and seize him at both legs.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 085v.png|1|lbl=85v}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Tenth Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
Take him by both his hands and throw him on his back. (?)
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 085v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Eleventh Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
Check in your running how you approach him. Take his right arm with both of your hands, pass through underneath to his back, and break his arm.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 085v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Twelfth Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
If you close in and take hold of him by the chest, and he you, then hit his arm away and punch with your left hand behind his left arm. Seize him by the leg with your right hand and throw him.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 086r.png|1|lbl=86r}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|The Thirteenth Wrestle in Closing In}}</p>
 
 
If he takes hold of you by the arm and you take hold of him in like fashion, then let go of his right arm. And seize him by the left arm through between his legs, and lift him on your shoulder. And throw him as you please.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 086r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
|-
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
 
If he seizes you under the shoulders, then punch his arm away from you with your right hand and seize him then and wrestle.
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 086v.png|1|lbl=86v}}
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
{{treatise end}}
 
{{treatise end}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck|88r - 108r]]
+
! [[Sigmund ain Ringeck|88r - 108r]]
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on [[short sword]] fencing by Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
+
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on [[short sword]] fencing by [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]]
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck|109r - 121v]]
+
! [[Sigmund ain Ringeck|109r - 121v]]
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on [[mounted fencing]] by Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (fragment)
+
| Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on [[mounted fencing]] by [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]] (fragment)
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 861: Line 783:
 
* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship''. Highland Village, TX: [[Chivalry Bookshelf]], 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
 
* [[Christian Henry Tobler|Tobler, Christian Henry]]. ''Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship''. Highland Village, TX: [[Chivalry Bookshelf]], 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
 
* [[Martin Wierschin|Wierschin, Martin]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens''. München: Beck, 1965.
 
* [[Martin Wierschin|Wierschin, Martin]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des Fechtens''. München: Beck, 1965.
 +
* [[Rainer Welle|Welle, Rainer]]. ''"…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen". Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert.'' Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993. ISBN 3-89085-755-8
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 903: Line 826:
 
[[Category:Treatises]]
 
[[Category:Treatises]]
 
[[Category:Manuscripts]]
 
[[Category:Manuscripts]]
 +
[[Category:Content]]
  
 
[[Category:German]]
 
[[Category:German]]
  
[[Category:Copy/Pasting]]
 
 
[[Category:Orphan]]
 
[[Category:Orphan]]
  
 
[[Category:Grappling]]
 
[[Category:Grappling]]
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 
[[Category:Longsword]]
 +
 +
[[Category:New format]]

Revision as of 22:26, 3 June 2020

Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn
MS Dresd.C.487, Sächsische Landesbibliothek
Dresden, Germany

MS Dresd.C.487 001v.png
MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png
ff 1v - 2r
HagedornLeng
Wierschin4Hils16
Type
Date 1504-1519 (?)
Language(s) Early New High German
Author(s)
Compiler Unknown
Material Paper
Size 126 folia (150 mm x 110 mm)
Format Double-sided, with black and red ink
External data Library catalog entry
Treatise scans

Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn ("Johannes Liechtenauer's Written Fencing Book"; MS Dresden C 487) is a German fencing manual created between 1504 and 1519.[1] The original currently rests in the holdings of the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresden, Germany. This manuscript is often wrongly attributed to Sigmund ain Ringeck, but although his gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Record forms a significant portion of the text, he is referred to in the third person in its introduction and was most likely not responsible for the manuscript itself. The rest of the manuscript consists of an assortment of treatises by several different masters who stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though unlike most such manuscripts, none of the individual treatises have attributions apart from Ringeck's.

Dating this manuscript has been problematic in the past, as writers have generally assumed that it was an autograph or archetype prepared for Ringeck himself and used assumptions about his life as a starting point.[2] Thus, in 1956 Martin Wierschin dated the manuscript to the first half of the 15th century and noted that it might date to as early as the late 14th century, based on the assumptions that it was a copy of the MS 3227a and that Ringeck was a direct student of Liechtenauer in the mid-late 14th century.[3] In 1985, Hans-Peter Hils postulated a date between 1438 and 1452, based on identifying the dedicatee with Albrecht III of Bavaria and assuming it was the source for the Cod. 44.A.8.[4] However, while the original text of Ringeck's gloss may indeed date to the 15th century, in 2010 Werner J. Hoffmann arrived at the currently-accepted and much later date of this manuscript through watermark analysis.[1]

Provenance

The known provenance of the MS Dresden C.487 is:

  • Created in Swabia or Bavaria using paper made between 1504 and 1519.[1]
  • before 1755 – acquired by the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresden, Germany.[5]
  • 1755-present – held by the Sächsische Landesbibliothek.

Contents

1r - 2v
3r - 9v Recital on long sword fencing by Johannes Liechtenauer
10v - 48v Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing by Sigmund ain Ringeck
49r - 54r Long sword fencing by Sigmund ain Ringeck
54r - 55v Sword and Buckler by Andre Lignitzer
55v - 57r Recital on long sword fencing by Johannes Liechtenauer (fragment)
57r - 59v
66r - 77v
78r - 84r Grappling by Ott Jud (fragment)
84r - 86v Anonymous grappling teachings (Zulaufenden ringen)
88r
88r - 108r Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on short sword fencing by Sigmund ain Ringeck
109r - 121v Gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing by Sigmund ain Ringeck (fragment)
122r - 125v Four displaced pages

Gallery

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Inside Cover
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Back Cover
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Spine
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Spine
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Alt. Cover
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Alt. Cover
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Additional Resources

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487. Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre." Die deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Vorläufige Beschreibungen. August, 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  2. See also Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  3. Wierschin 12-13.
  4. Hils 54-57.
  5. Carl August Scheureck. Catalogus manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Electoralis. [manuscript]. Bibl.Arch.I.B, Vol.132. Dresden, Germany: Sächsische Landesbibliothek, 1755. p 59
  6. matches folz's text
  7. Corrected from »sinem«.
  8. Or I think its more likely that the word treten here is intended to convey kicking.
  9. This is a tricky word it could mean illegal breaks, unnatural breaks, or opposing breaks.
  10. I assume this means either armoured or armed.
  11. Corrected from »am«.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work Author(s) Source License
Images Sächsische Landesbibliothek
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Translation Keith Farrell Academy of Historical Arts
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Translation Alex and Almirena Master Sigmund Ringeck
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Transcription Dierk Hagedorn Index:Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)
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