Wiktenauer logo.png

Difference between revisions of "Henry de Sainct Didier"

From Wiktenauer
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (With privilege of the king -> With the privilege of the king)
m (Text replacement - "’arme" to "'arme")
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 39: Line 39:
 
  | [[Giacomo di Grassi]] (?)
 
  | [[Giacomo di Grassi]] (?)
 
}}
 
}}
| influenced          = [[Salvator Fabris]] (?)
+
| influenced          = [[Salvator Fabris]] ([https://blog.subcaelo.net/ensis/sainct-didier-fabris/ Extremely dubious])
 
| awards              =  
 
| awards              =  
 
| signature            = [[File:Henry de Sainct Didier sig.png|180px]]
 
| signature            = [[File:Henry de Sainct Didier sig.png|180px]]
Line 57: Line 57:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating|C}}</p> by John Tse
+
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
! <p>[[Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule (Henry de Sainct Didier)|Transcription]]<br/>by [[Olivier Dupuis]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule (Henry de Sainct Didier)|First Edition]] (1573)<br/>Transcribed by [[Olivier Dupuis]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 64: Line 64:
 
| '''THE TREATY CONTAINING THE SECRETS OF THE FIRST BOOK ON THE SWORD ALONE, MOTHER OF'''
 
| '''THE TREATY CONTAINING THE SECRETS OF THE FIRST BOOK ON THE SWORD ALONE, MOTHER OF'''
  
all weapons, which includes sword and dagger, cape, targe, buckler, rondel; two handed swords; and dual-wielding swords with portraitures that show the weapon in hand for throwing strikes to defend and offend at the same time, both offensively and defensively, which is very useful and advantageous to become a skillful noble and disciples of Mars; written for the art, order, and practice.
+
all weapons, which includes sword and dagger, cape, targe, buckler, rondel; two-handed swords, and dual-wielding swords with portraitures that show the weapon in hand for throwing strikes to defend and attack at the same time, both offensively and defensively, which is very useful and advantageous to become a skillful noble and disciples of Mars; written for the art, order, and practice.
  
 
''Written by Provencal Gentleman Henry de Saint Didier.''
 
''Written by Provencal Gentleman Henry de Saint Didier.''
Line 107: Line 107:
 
| ''The following six points are required to understand and above all else to best execute the secrets of the sword alone and all other weapons that are dependent.''
 
| ''The following six points are required to understand and above all else to best execute the secrets of the sword alone and all other weapons that are dependent.''
  
The first is how many types of steps there are in the art of said fencing, how to choose the best, and to explain why.
+
The first is how many types of steps there are in the art of fencing, how to choose the best, and to explain why.
  
 
| ''S’ensuivent les secrets de ceste espée seule, & de toutes les autres armes qui en dépendent, pour lesquels entendre, & sur tout mieux executer, six poinct sont requis.''
 
| ''S’ensuivent les secrets de ceste espée seule, & de toutes les autres armes qui en dépendent, pour lesquels entendre, & sur tout mieux executer, six poinct sont requis.''
Line 121: Line 121:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| The third: how many strikes the aggressive enemy can offend the defender and to give the same explanation.
+
| The third: how many strikes the aggressive enemy can attack the defender and to give the same explanation.
  
 
| Le troisiesme, de combien de coups l’ennemy aggresseur peut offencer le deffendeur & en donner pareille raison.
 
| Le troisiesme, de combien de coups l’ennemy aggresseur peut offencer le deffendeur & en donner pareille raison.
Line 133: Line 133:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
|The fifth is namely for all those who make or will make it their profession by teaching fencing: being able to defend and offend at the same time some strike or strikes that one can throw, and thus if they do not know how can they teach their disciples.
+
|The fifth is namely for all those who make or will make it their profession by teaching fencing: being able to defend and attack at the same time some strike or strikes that one can throw, and thus if they do not know how can they teach their disciples.
  
 
| Le cinquiesme, sçavoir, à tous ceux qui font, ou feront, cy aprés profession de monstrer audites armes : soy deffendre & offencer à un mesme temps de quelque coup ou coups qu’on peut tirer, & par ainsi s’ils ne les sçavent comment les pourront ils monstrer à leurs disciples.
 
| Le cinquiesme, sçavoir, à tous ceux qui font, ou feront, cy aprés profession de monstrer audites armes : soy deffendre & offencer à un mesme temps de quelque coup ou coups qu’on peut tirer, & par ainsi s’ils ne les sçavent comment les pourront ils monstrer à leurs disciples.
Line 163: Line 163:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| And in order to effectively follow the teachers and imitate them, one must choose the better of two good things, and of two bad things to avoid both if possible and if not at least avoid the worse; and in doing so I advise all said adherents to take the better of the two steps, which is the one where you stand on the left foot initially with weapons in hand to make one of the three drawings.
+
| And in order to effectively follow the teachers and imitate them, one must choose the better of two good things, and of two bad things to avoid both if possible and if not at least avoid the worse; and in doing so I advise all adherents to take the better of the two steps, which is the one where you stand on the left foot initially with weapons in hand to make one of the three drawings.
  
 
| Et pour bien suivre les doctes, & les immiter, faut de deux choses bonnes choisir la meilleure, & de deux mauvaises, eviter les deux, si faire se peut, sinon la pire, & en ce faisant, je conseille à tous lesdits suppots de prendre la meilleure desdites deux desmarches, qui est celle qu’on se tient sur le pied gauche pour la premiere fois, en mettant les armes au poing, faisant un desdits trois desgainements.
 
| Et pour bien suivre les doctes, & les immiter, faut de deux choses bonnes choisir la meilleure, & de deux mauvaises, eviter les deux, si faire se peut, sinon la pire, & en ce faisant, je conseille à tous lesdits suppots de prendre la meilleure desdites deux desmarches, qui est celle qu’on se tient sur le pied gauche pour la premiere fois, en mettant les armes au poing, faisant un desdits trois desgainements.
Line 191: Line 191:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| The second is knowing how many guards and placements there are of said fencing. I say that there are no more than three guards and three principal placements.
+
| The second is knowing how many guards and placements there are of fencing. I say that there are no more than three guards and three principal placements.
  
 
* The first is low, placing the point at the braies.
 
* The first is low, placing the point at the braies.
Line 223: Line 223:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| The one which is the left side also leaves the natural form of its said originator and participate on the left side.  
+
| The one which is the left side also leaves the natural form of its originator and participate on the left side.  
  
 
| Celle qui se fait sur le costé gauche, elle se fait aussi laissant la nature, & estre de saditte mere, & participer du costé gauche.
 
| Celle qui se fait sur le costé gauche, elle se fait aussi laissant la nature, & estre de saditte mere, & participer du costé gauche.
Line 235: Line 235:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| The third point that one must know is how many strikes the attacking enemy can offend the defender. As for me I say that the attacker and defender can offend with no more than three strikes. Which are:
+
| The third point that one must know is how many strikes the attacking enemy can attack the defender. As for me I say that the attacker and defender can attack with no more than three strikes. Which are:
  
 
* Right-Hand,
 
* Right-Hand,
Line 250: Line 250:
 
| It is true that they can be multiplied in six distinct targets on the human body, which must be well-protected, such as as a good tennis player must protect the goal<ref>The "es" is a wooden board placed in the back wall of the tennis court which, if hit by a volley, is scored immediately. In modern tennis, this board is replaced by a grid.</ref> well so that the ball of the opposing party does not hit it. So too must a good fencer be careful that one of the three strikes do not hit the six targets that can be adapted as stated, which will be seen later.
 
| It is true that they can be multiplied in six distinct targets on the human body, which must be well-protected, such as as a good tennis player must protect the goal<ref>The "es" is a wooden board placed in the back wall of the tennis court which, if hit by a volley, is scored immediately. In modern tennis, this board is replaced by a grid.</ref> well so that the ball of the opposing party does not hit it. So too must a good fencer be careful that one of the three strikes do not hit the six targets that can be adapted as stated, which will be seen later.
  
| Bien est vray qu’ils se peuvent multiplier en six lieux propres sur corps humain, qui faut bien garder, tout ainsi qu’un bon joueur de paulme faut qu’il garde bien l’es,<ref>« L'es », habituellement orthographiée « ais », désigne une planche de bois placée dans le mur du fond de la salle de jeu de paume qui, si elle est touchée par un coup de volée, donne le point immédiatement. Dans le jeu de paume moderne, cette planche est remplacée par une grille. Il est possible que cet « ais » ait donné le terme anglais d'« ace » que les étymologies modernes confondent avec l'« as » du jeu de carte. Voir la définition d' « ais » de l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et d'Alembert.</ref> que lesteu<ref>L’esteuf : ancien nom pour la balle.</ref> de partie adverse ne le touche. Aussi faut il qu’un bon tireur d’armes garde bien qu’un desdits trois coups ne touchent aux six lieux ausquels se peuvent adapter comme dit est, dont se verront cy apres.
+
| Bien est vray qu’ils se peuvent multiplier en six lieux propres sur corps humain, qui faut bien garder, tout ainsi qu’un bon joueur de paulme faut qu’il garde bien l’es,<ref>« L'es », habituellement orthographiée « ais », désigne une planche de bois placée dans le mur du fond de la salle de jeu de paume qui, si elle est touchée par un coup de volée, donne le point immédiatement. Dans le jeu de paume moderne, cette planche est remplacée par une grille. Il est possible que cet « ais » ait donné le terme anglais d'« ace » que les étymologies modernes confondent avec l'« as » du jeu de carte. Voir la définition d' « ais » de l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et d'Alembert.</ref> que lesteu<ref>L’esteuf : ancien nom pour la balle.</ref> de partie adverse ne le touche. Aussi faut il qu’un bon tireur d'armes garde bien qu’un desdits trois coups ne touchent aux six lieux ausquels se peuvent adapter comme dit est, dont se verront cy apres.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 260: Line 260:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| The fourth point is that attacking and defending can offend with no more than three said strikes: it is true that they can be multiplied and adapted as have been promised above at six distinct targets on a person, either in attacking or in defending, and whoever knows the means to defend and offend with the three strikes at the same time when multiplied can know a hundred strikes, which is above and will be defined later.
+
| The fourth point is that attacking and defending can attack with no more than three strikes: it is true that they can be multiplied and adapted as have been promised above at six distinct targets on a person, either in attacking or in defending, and whoever knows the means to defend and attack with the three strikes at the same time when multiplied can know a hundred strikes, which is above and will be defined later.
 
   
 
   
 
| Le quatriesme poinct est, que l’assaillant & deffendant ne se peuvent offencer que desdicts trois coups : bien est vray qu’ils se peuvent multiplier, & adapter comme avons promis si dessus en six lieux propres sur la person ne, soit en assaillant, ou en deffendant, & qui scaura le moyen de soy deffendre, & offencer à un mesme temps, comme ce peult, desdicts trois coups, qui sont cy dessus & seront si aprés definis, estant multipliez il en scaura cent.
 
| Le quatriesme poinct est, que l’assaillant & deffendant ne se peuvent offencer que desdicts trois coups : bien est vray qu’ils se peuvent multiplier, & adapter comme avons promis si dessus en six lieux propres sur la person ne, soit en assaillant, ou en deffendant, & qui scaura le moyen de soy deffendre, & offencer à un mesme temps, comme ce peult, desdicts trois coups, qui sont cy dessus & seront si aprés definis, estant multipliez il en scaura cent.
Line 321: Line 321:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| The fifth is that it is necessary to be defending and offending at the same time with the three strikes, adapting and throwing at the targets, both in attacking and in defending observing the time that is required. All of which will then be shown and declared at length in the instruction of the sword alone.
+
| The fifth is that it is necessary to be defending and attacking at the same time with the three strikes, adapting and throwing at the targets, both in attacking and in defending observing the time that is required. All of which will then be shown and declared at length in the instruction of the sword alone.
  
 
| Le cinquiesme est, qu’il fault sçavoir soy deffendre & offencer à un mesme temps desdits trois coups, adaptez & tirez aux susdits lieux, tant en assaillant qu’en deffendant observant bien le temps qui est requis. Dont le tout sera cy aprés monstré & declaré au long à l’instruction de ceste espée seule.
 
| Le cinquiesme est, qu’il fault sçavoir soy deffendre & offencer à un mesme temps desdits trois coups, adaptez & tirez aux susdits lieux, tant en assaillant qu’en deffendant observant bien le temps qui est requis. Dont le tout sera cy aprés monstré & declaré au long à l’instruction de ceste espée seule.
Line 327: Line 327:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| The sixth and last point is one of the good ones that is required to know in all of the art, which is to decide which strikes could be thrown, both in attacking and in defending, because being able to decide easily will be provide a remedy; otherwise it will be hard. And to do this we must look at the sword point and never lose sight of it and in doing so, we will easily decide which strike we will find to defend and offend at the same time, as promised.
+
| The sixth and last point is one of the good ones that is required to know in all of the art, which is to decide which strikes could be thrown, both in attacking and in defending, because being able to decide easily will be provide a remedy; otherwise it will be hard. And to do this we must look at the sword point and never lose sight of it and in doing so, we will easily decide which strike we will find to defend and attack at the same time, as promised.
  
 
| Le sixiesme & et dernier poinct est un des bons qui soit requis de sçavoir en tout l’art, qui est juger du coup qui se peut tirer, tant en assaillant qu’en deffendant, car le jugeant facilement on y trouvera son remede, autrement non. Et pour ce faire faut regarder la pointe de l’espée, & ne la perdre jamais de veue, & en ce faisant, facilement on jugera du coup, le jugeant on trouvera moyen de soy deffendre & offencer, comme j’ay promis à un mesme temps.
 
| Le sixiesme & et dernier poinct est un des bons qui soit requis de sçavoir en tout l’art, qui est juger du coup qui se peut tirer, tant en assaillant qu’en deffendant, car le jugeant facilement on y trouvera son remede, autrement non. Et pour ce faire faut regarder la pointe de l’espée, & ne la perdre jamais de veue, & en ce faisant, facilement on jugera du coup, le jugeant on trouvera moyen de soy deffendre & offencer, comme j’ay promis à un mesme temps.
Line 341: Line 341:
 
| ''This is the end and the declaration of the sixth and last point, which is truly necessary to know in order to understand this weapon and everything else on the same subject.''
 
| ''This is the end and the declaration of the sixth and last point, which is truly necessary to know in order to understand this weapon and everything else on the same subject.''
  
Following the aforementioned six points, someone named Fabrice and Jules came to see me once with some of his people, because they had heard talks of me, and they were told that I was writing a book on fencing and that I had dedicated it to the King. Avaricious and willing to know even more of fencing than they knew, they begged me to show them the book, which I refused until his said Majesty had seen it, and then seeing their good will knowing that they had not come to chatter to try to see the contents of the book, I am excited to discuss with them some points contained in fencing and asked them certain questions, which we will be able to see later, along with their responses, by which we can easily judge who best touches the goal of the true definition and demonstration of said fencing.
+
Following the aforementioned six points, someone named Fabrice and Jules came to see me once with some of his people, because they had heard talks of me, and they were told that I was writing a book on fencing and that I had dedicated it to the King. Avaricious and willing to know even more of fencing than they knew, they begged me to show them the book, which I refused until his Majesty had seen it, and then seeing their good will knowing that they had not come to chatter to try to see the contents of the book, I am excited to discuss with them some points contained in fencing and asked them certain questions, which we will be able to see later, along with their responses, by which we can easily judge who best touches the goal of the true definition and demonstration of fencing.
  
 
| ''Voicy la fin & declaration du sixiesme & dernier poinct, qui est necessaire de scavoir à tous, pour l’intelligence de ceste arme, & de toutes les autres qui sont du mesme subjet.''
 
| ''Voicy la fin & declaration du sixiesme & dernier poinct, qui est necessaire de scavoir à tous, pour l’intelligence de ceste arme, & de toutes les autres qui sont du mesme subjet.''
  
Suyvant les dessusdits six poincts, un nommé Fabrice<ref>Il s’agit très probablement du maître d’arme italien Fabris Salvator de Padoue (1544-1617). Voir la note sur Fabris Salvator de Vigeant p. 162 et aussi les références à ses publications (Vigeant p. 55-56)</ref> & Jule, me vindrent une fois voir, avec quelques uns de leur païs, par ce qu’ils avoient ouy parler de moy, & leur avoit on dit que je composois un livre sus les armes & que je l’avois dedié au Roy. Eux cupides & volontaires, de sçavoir encores plus ausdites armes qu’ils ne sçavoient, me prierent de leur monstrer ledit livre, ce que je leur fis refus, (jusques à ce que ladite Majesté l’eust veu) & alors voyant leurs volontez bonnes, & qui n’estoient venus à moy pour eux jacter, ains pour tascher à voir le contenu dudit livre, cela m’esmeut de discourir avecques eux quelques poincts contenuz ausdites armes, & leurs fis certaines interrogations, qu’on pourra voir cy aprés avec leurs responses, par lesquelles on pourra facillement juger qui touche mieux au but de la vraye definition, & demonstration desdites armes.
+
Suyvant les dessusdits six poincts, un nommé Fabrice<ref>Il s’agit très probablement du maître d'arme italien Fabris Salvator de Padoue (1544-1617). Voir la note sur Fabris Salvator de Vigeant p. 162 et aussi les références à ses publications (Vigeant p. 55-56)</ref> & Jule, me vindrent une fois voir, avec quelques uns de leur païs, par ce qu’ils avoient ouy parler de moy, & leur avoit on dit que je composois un livre sus les armes & que je l’avois dedié au Roy. Eux cupides & volontaires, de sçavoir encores plus ausdites armes qu’ils ne sçavoient, me prierent de leur monstrer ledit livre, ce que je leur fis refus, (jusques à ce que ladite Majesté l’eust veu) & alors voyant leurs volontez bonnes, & qui n’estoient venus à moy pour eux jacter, ains pour tascher à voir le contenu dudit livre, cela m’esmeut de discourir avecques eux quelques poincts contenuz ausdites armes, & leurs fis certaines interrogations, qu’on pourra voir cy aprés avec leurs responses, par lesquelles on pourra facillement juger qui touche mieux au but de la vraye definition, & demonstration desdites armes.
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| And so I come attacking Fabrice first, and say to him, "Sir Fabrice, before discussing presently with you about none other than fencing, I want to know how many strikes the attacking enemy can offend the defender. And yet with your grace, I pray you tell me."
+
| And so I come attacking Fabrice first, and say to him, "Sir Fabrice, before discussing presently with you about none other than fencing, I want to know how many strikes the attacking enemy can attack the defender. And yet with your grace, I pray you tell me."
  
 
| Et alors je me viens atacquer premierement audit Fabrice, & luy dis Seigneur Fabrice, avant que tirer à present avec vous, ny avec autre ausdites armes, je veux sçavoir de combien de coups l’ennemy assaillant peut offencer le deffendant. Et pourtant, de grace vous prie, le moy dire.
 
| Et alors je me viens atacquer premierement audit Fabrice, & luy dis Seigneur Fabrice, avant que tirer à present avec vous, ny avec autre ausdites armes, je veux sçavoir de combien de coups l’ennemy assaillant peut offencer le deffendant. Et pourtant, de grace vous prie, le moy dire.
Line 361: Line 361:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| Responding Saint Didier says that every answer with infinite points are vague, so to this said answer of many blows from Fabrice is impertinent.
+
| Responding Saint Didier says that every answer with infinite points are vague, so to this answer of many blows from Fabrice is impertinent.
  
 
| Respond ledit de Sainct Didier & dit que toute response infinie n’a point de certitude, à ceste cause ladite response qu’a ledit Fabrice respondu de plusieurs bottes est impertinente.
 
| Respond ledit de Sainct Didier & dit que toute response infinie n’a point de certitude, à ceste cause ladite response qu’a ledit Fabrice respondu de plusieurs bottes est impertinente.
Line 367: Line 367:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| And so Fabrice saw that I was shaking my head, meaning that he did not answer me pertinently. Fabrice comes to his senses and gives another answer and says that there are five blows that the attacking enemy could offend the defender: And again I told him to define them, and this time he says:
+
| And so Fabrice saw that I was shaking my head, meaning that he did not answer me pertinently. Fabrice comes to his senses and gives another answer and says that there are five blows that the attacking enemy could attack the defender: And again I told him to define them, and this time he says:
  
 
* Mandritti,
 
* Mandritti,
Line 410: Line 410:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| And to answer and conclude to what was said above we need to know how many strikes the enemy can offend us, to know how to remedy and defend our body and honor, like a camp master who has a camp of a hundred or fifty thousand men because it is in our specific interest. As for me, I say with the learned that what can be done with less is better than what can be done with more. Because of this I will remove two of the five blows that Fabrice have because I say they are redundant, which is Fendente and Imbrocatta, and so remain no more than three, which is defined above and will be next.
+
| And to answer and conclude to what was said above we need to know how many strikes the enemy can attack us, to know how to remedy and defend our body and honor, like a camp master who has a camp of a hundred or fifty thousand men because it is in our specific interest. As for me, I say with the learned that what can be done with less is better than what can be done with more. Because of this I will remove two of the five blows that Fabrice have because I say they are redundant, which is Fendente and Imbrocatta, and so remain no more than three, which is defined above and will be next.
  
 
| Et pour respondre & conclure, à ce que dessus est dit nous avons autant de besoin de scavoir de combien de coups l’ennemy nous peut offenser, pour scavoir à iceux remedier & deffendre nostre corps & honneur, comme un Maistre de camps qui a un camp de cent ou cinquante mille hommes car c’est nostre interest particulier. Quant à moy je dis avec les doctes que ce qui ce peut faire avec peu est meilleur que ce qui ce fait avec beaucoup. À ceste cause j’osteray deux desdites cinq bottes que tient le dit Fabrice par ce que je les dy estre superflus, qui sont Fendant, & Imbronccade, & n’en demeurera plus que trois, qui sont cy dessus par moy definis, & seront cy apres.
 
| Et pour respondre & conclure, à ce que dessus est dit nous avons autant de besoin de scavoir de combien de coups l’ennemy nous peut offenser, pour scavoir à iceux remedier & deffendre nostre corps & honneur, comme un Maistre de camps qui a un camp de cent ou cinquante mille hommes car c’est nostre interest particulier. Quant à moy je dis avec les doctes que ce qui ce peut faire avec peu est meilleur que ce qui ce fait avec beaucoup. À ceste cause j’osteray deux desdites cinq bottes que tient le dit Fabrice par ce que je les dy estre superflus, qui sont Fendant, & Imbronccade, & n’en demeurera plus que trois, qui sont cy dessus par moy definis, & seront cy apres.
Line 507: Line 507:
 
Of arms and art, and Henry your father
 
Of arms and art, and Henry your father
 
The valiantly magnanimous and your brother Francis.
 
The valiantly magnanimous and your brother Francis.
And you my Lord and King whose illustrious grandeur
+
And you my Prince and King whose illustrious grandeur
 
Creates and promises France so much success
 
Creates and promises France so much success
 
And so too your brothers, these Princes born in greatness
 
And so too your brothers, these Princes born in greatness
Line 703: Line 703:
 
Et là vous instruez pour vostre Roy deffendre
 
Et là vous instruez pour vostre Roy deffendre
 
S’un jour l’on le vouloit à l’impourveu surprendre
 
S’un jour l’on le vouloit à l’impourveu surprendre
Lors qu’armez ne feriez contre ses apostez
+
Lors qu'armez ne feriez contre ses apostez
 
Sinon de glaives longs pendans à voz costez.
 
Sinon de glaives longs pendans à voz costez.
 
Cependant mon grand Roy recevez je vous prie,
 
Cependant mon grand Roy recevez je vous prie,
Line 771: Line 771:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating|C}}</p> by John Tse
+
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[John Tse]]</p>
! <p>[[Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule (Henry de Sainct Didier)|Transcription]]<br/>by [[Olivier Dupuis]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule (Henry de Sainct Didier)|First Edition]] (1573)<br/>Transcribed by [[Olivier Dupuis]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 827: Line 827:
 
''The following is the second drawing for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The following is the second drawing for the Lieutenant.''
  
For the second drawing for the Lieutenant, he must have the feet together like so as shown above at the first portraiture marked number 1. And to execute this said second drawing, he must move the right foot a little apart in the air, remove it from the footprint marked 2, carrying the sword hilt, drawing it higher than the shoulder, and the placement of this as above content 1. And in an instant pass the sword above the head, extending strongly the arms, keeping the sword hilt higher than the right shoulder, and placing the sword point at the Provost's left nipple, as shown in the portraiture at number 3.
+
For the second drawing for the Lieutenant, he must have the feet together like so as shown above at the first portraiture marked number 1. And to execute this second drawing, he must move the right foot a little apart in the air, remove it from the footprint marked 2, carrying the sword hilt, drawing it higher than the shoulder, and the placement of this as above content 1. And in an instant pass the sword above the head, extending strongly the arms, keeping the sword hilt higher than the right shoulder, and placing the sword point at the Provost's left nipple, as shown in the portraiture at number 3.
  
 
''The end of the second drawing for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the second drawing for the Lieutenant.''
Line 833: Line 833:
 
''This is the declaration for the first and second drawings for the Provost, which is to know how to put the sword in hand as taught by the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is the declaration for the first and second drawings for the Provost, which is to know how to put the sword in hand as taught by the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this the Provost must remember how he has was placed above at the first plan marked number 2, which is with the feet together, and from there the Provost must make the first drawing by pulling the right foot on footprint 2 back to the footprint marked number 3, which is also the first step, and at the same time put the sword in hand, carrying the sword hilt higher and a bit farther than the right shoulder, placing the sword point straight at the left eye to be on high guard, and keeping the left hand right of the left nipple to deflect the sword point of said Lieutenant if by fortune he wants to advance further, as shown above in the portraiture marked number 4.
+
And to do this the Provost must remember how he has was placed above at the first plan marked number 2, which is with the feet together, and from there the Provost must make the first drawing by pulling the right foot on footprint 2 back to the footprint marked number 3, which is also the first step, and at the same time put the sword in hand, carrying the sword hilt higher and a bit farther than the right shoulder, placing the sword point straight at the left eye to be on high guard, and keeping the left hand right of the left nipple to deflect the sword point of Lieutenant if by fortune he wants to advance further, as shown above in the portraiture marked number 4.
  
 
''This is the end of the first drawing of the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the first drawing of the Provost.''
Line 843: Line 843:
 
''The end of the first and second drawings for the Provost.''
 
''The end of the first and second drawings for the Provost.''
  
After having shown this said first plan above, being to make the first and second drawings for the Lieutenant and the Provost, stay for the demonstration of the third drawing, after which one will be able to see the guard and position to and to be able to execute and do it.''
+
After having shown this first plan above, being to make the first and second drawings for the Lieutenant and the Provost, stay for the demonstration of the third drawing, after which one will be able to see the guard and position to and to be able to execute and do it.''
  
 
| ''Garde pour faire, & executer ladite premiere desmarche, premier & second desgainement, pour le Lieutenent & Prevost.''
 
| ''Garde pour faire, & executer ladite premiere desmarche, premier & second desgainement, pour le Lieutenent & Prevost.''
Line 876: Line 876:
 
| ''The guard and position to start making the third drawing for the demonstrating Lieutenant at the defending Provost.''
 
| ''The guard and position to start making the third drawing for the demonstrating Lieutenant at the defending Provost.''
  
This third drawing for the Lieutenant is to be done with the feet together, as stated above and shown at the general plan, keeping the left foot on the footprint marked number 1 below, and the right foot at the footprint marked 2, and in order to effectively start this said third drawing, the Lieutenant must remove the right foot from the footprint marked 2 and carry it forward in the air, making the first drawing, which can be seen above at its place in content 1, and while keeping the foot in the air, turn the sword hilt, the back of the hand down and the nails high, placing the sword point straight at the belly, keeping the left hand behind, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 5 behind the hat.
+
This third drawing for the Lieutenant is to be done with the feet together, as stated above and shown at the general plan, keeping the left foot on the footprint marked number 1 below, and the right foot at the footprint marked 2, and in order to effectively start this third drawing, the Lieutenant must remove the right foot from the footprint marked 2 and carry it forward in the air, making the first drawing, which can be seen above at its place in content 1, and while keeping the foot in the air, turn the sword hilt, the back of the hand down and the nails high, placing the sword point straight at the belly, keeping the left hand behind, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 5 behind the hat.
  
 
''The end of the start of the third drawing for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the start of the third drawing for the Lieutenant.''
  
The third drawing for the Provost starts by having the feet together as shown above in the plan of the Provost marked number 2, keeping the left foot in the footprint marked near number 1, and the right foot in the other footprint marked 2, and to start and do the third drawing, the Provost must put the right foot which is on the footprint marked 2 a bit up in the air. And doing the first drawing that has been made by the Provost above in content 1. And to complete this said drawing, he must turn the nails on the sword hand upwards, content 2, placing the sword point straight at the eyes, keeping the left hand behind, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 6 behind the bonnet.
+
The third drawing for the Provost starts by having the feet together as shown above in the plan of the Provost marked number 2, keeping the left foot in the footprint marked near number 1, and the right foot in the other footprint marked 2, and to start and do the third drawing, the Provost must put the right foot which is on the footprint marked 2 a bit up in the air. And doing the first drawing that has been made by the Provost above in content 1. And to complete this drawing, he must turn the nails on the sword hand upwards, content 2, placing the sword point straight at the eyes, keeping the left hand behind, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 6 behind the bonnet.
  
 
''This is the end of the beginning of the third drawing for the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the beginning of the third drawing for the Provost.''
Line 902: Line 902:
 
''The last of the final third drawing for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The last of the final third drawing for the Lieutenant.''
  
And in order to complete the third drawing for the Provost, he must come to be on the same plan as the above marked number 5 as shown with the preceding Provost, who keeps the right foot in the air, keeping the back of the hand holding the sword hilt up, and to complete this said third drawing, the Provost must pull the right foot back from the air as stated above and leave it on the fooprint  marked number 3 at the portraiture, turning the nails on the sword hand down, placing the sword point straight at the face or better yet the left eye, and keeping the left hand right on the shoulder, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 8.
+
And in order to complete the third drawing for the Provost, he must come to be on the same plan as the above marked number 5 as shown with the preceding Provost, who keeps the right foot in the air, keeping the back of the hand holding the sword hilt up, and to complete this third drawing, the Provost must pull the right foot back from the air as stated above and leave it on the fooprint  marked number 3 at the portraiture, turning the nails on the sword hand down, placing the sword point straight at the face or better yet the left eye, and keeping the left hand right on the shoulder, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 8.
  
''This is the last and final said third drawing for the Provost.''
+
''This is the last and final third drawing for the Provost.''
  
 
| ''La fin du troisiesme desgainement pour le Lieutenent & Prevost, que voicy pourtraits & parachevez, reste à declarer cy dessous leurs proprietez & significations''
 
| ''La fin du troisiesme desgainement pour le Lieutenent & Prevost, que voicy pourtraits & parachevez, reste à declarer cy dessous leurs proprietez & significations''
Line 974: Line 974:
 
The Provost being such that the feet were together and having pulled the right foot back while having remained on the left foot, having made one of the three drawings, and having carried the sword hilt a little higher than the right shoulder by keeping the back of the sword hand up and the nails down as he should, unlike the Lieutenant, as expected since the painter made an error with all of the future Lieutenants because they should be keeping the nails of the sword hand down and keeping them high, but the Provost does this better, and also keeping the left hand above the left lap, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 14.
 
The Provost being such that the feet were together and having pulled the right foot back while having remained on the left foot, having made one of the three drawings, and having carried the sword hilt a little higher than the right shoulder by keeping the back of the sword hand up and the nails down as he should, unlike the Lieutenant, as expected since the painter made an error with all of the future Lieutenants because they should be keeping the nails of the sword hand down and keeping them high, but the Provost does this better, and also keeping the left hand above the left lap, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 14.
  
''This is the end of the second position, which serves as another one for said defending Provost.''
+
''This is the end of the second position, which serves as another one for defending Provost.''
  
 
| ''Cette garde est presque semblable à la sudite, il n’y a guere de difference, & pourtant ne serviront que d’une, pour faire, & executer ledit premier coup de ceste espée seule, pour le Lieutenent & Prevost.''
 
| ''Cette garde est presque semblable à la sudite, il n’y a guere de difference, & pourtant ne serviront que d’une, pour faire, & executer ledit premier coup de ceste espée seule, pour le Lieutenent & Prevost.''
Line 991: Line 991:
 
| ''The following is the first strike of the sword alone for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the first strike of the sword alone for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
  
And to do this, this said Lieutenant must have taken the step and one of the drawings, staying on the left foot as the portraiture above marked number 13, and in order to execute this first strike of the sword alone, the Lieutenant will advance the right foot, being on the guard marked 13, and will throw a low right-hand at the Provost's left knee, raising the sword hilt almost as high as the left shoulder, lowering the sword point well down to do this said right-hand at the leg more perfectly, and keeping the left hand as shown above at the portraiture of the Lieutenant marked number 15.
+
And to do this, this Lieutenant must have taken the step and one of the drawings, staying on the left foot as the portraiture above marked number 13, and in order to execute this first strike of the sword alone, the Lieutenant will advance the right foot, being on the guard marked 13, and will throw a low right-hand at the Provost's left knee, raising the sword hilt almost as high as the left shoulder, lowering the sword point well down to do this right-hand at the leg more perfectly, and keeping the left hand as shown above at the portraiture of the Lieutenant marked number 15.
  
 
''This is the end of the first strike of the sword alone for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the first strike of the sword alone for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
Line 997: Line 997:
 
''Next is to declare how the Provost will have defended his knee and will have thrown a right-hand at the Lieutenant's arms.''
 
''Next is to declare how the Provost will have defended his knee and will have thrown a right-hand at the Lieutenant's arms.''
  
And to do this, the Provost being on his left leg, having made one of the three drawings, guards, and placement, and staying on the guard marked number 14 above, the Provost to properly execute, defend, and offend at the same time this said low right-hand, pulls his left foot back and throws a right-hand at the Lieutenant's sword arm, and unlike other ignorant demonstrators who crosses sword against sword when a strike comes from below, which is fine because by that he defends himself; but this strike is better because he defends himself and offends thereby doing two good things, I recommend that you take the better one, as the Provost also does in executing this said strike, keeping the left hand as shown at the portraiture marked number 16.  
+
And to do this, the Provost being on his left leg, having made one of the three drawings, guards, and placement, and staying on the guard marked number 14 above, the Provost to properly execute, defend, and attack at the same time this low right-hand, pulls his left foot back and throws a right-hand at the Lieutenant's sword arm, and unlike other ignorant demonstrators who crosses sword against sword when a strike comes from below, which is fine because by that he defends himself; but this strike is better because he defends himself and attacks thereby doing two good things, I recommend that you take the better one, as the Provost also does in executing this strike, keeping the left hand as shown at the portraiture marked number 16.  
  
 
''This is the defense of the low right-hand at the knee defended by the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is the defense of the low right-hand at the knee defended by the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,023: Line 1,023:
 
''Next will be declared the defense of the first counter and continuation for the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
 
''Next will be declared the defense of the first counter and continuation for the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
  
And to evade and to guard himself against this first continuation, which is a high back-hand, having thrown a right-hand at the Lieutenant's arms , as shown above at the portraiture of the Lieutenant marked number 15 and at the Provost who executed the right-hand marked number 16, the Provost being on the right foot to guard and to defend this said first counter, will cross the Lieutenant's sword with the strong on weak, presenting a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, keeping the Provost's left hand near his left nipple, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 18.
+
And to evade and to guard himself against this first continuation, which is a high back-hand, having thrown a right-hand at the Lieutenant's arms , as shown above at the portraiture of the Lieutenant marked number 15 and at the Provost who executed the right-hand marked number 16, the Provost being on the right foot to guard and to defend this first counter, will cross the Lieutenant's sword with the strong on weak, presenting a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, keeping the Provost's left hand near his left nipple, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 18.
  
 
''The end of the first counter and continuation for the Provost against the Lieutenant, being effectively defended by this.''
 
''The end of the first counter and continuation for the Provost against the Lieutenant, being effectively defended by this.''
Line 1,043: Line 1,043:
 
| ''The following is the second counter and continuation for the Lieutenant and the Provost of the first strike of the sword alone, which is a right-hand.''
 
| ''The following is the second counter and continuation for the Lieutenant and the Provost of the first strike of the sword alone, which is a right-hand.''
  
And to complete this second continuation by the Lieutenant, he must still be on the right foot and having made the second counter and continuation, having seen the Provost defending himself, the Lieutenant again for this second continuation steals away<ref>In modern fencing, dérobement is a fencing term for disengage.</ref> his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and throws a high right-hand at the Provost, keeping the back of the sword hand down and the nails up, and the left hand right of his face, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 19.
+
And to complete this second continuation by the Lieutenant, he must still be on the right foot and having made the second counter and continuation, having seen the Provost defending himself, the Lieutenant again for this second continuation disengages<ref>In modern fencing, dérobement is a fencing term for disengage. In French it means to shirk or to avoid.</ref> his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and throws a high right-hand at the Provost, keeping the back of the sword hand down and the nails up, and the left hand right of his face, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 19.
  
 
''The end of the second continuation of the first strike for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the second continuation of the first strike for the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,049: Line 1,049:
 
''Next will show how the Provost must defend himself of the second counter and continuation thrown by the attacking Lieutenant.''
 
''Next will show how the Provost must defend himself of the second counter and continuation thrown by the attacking Lieutenant.''
  
And to guard himself effectively, the Provost must watch the Lieutenant's sword point, and when he steals away below the Provost's sword hilt to throw the high right-hand at him, the Provost not removing the step of the right foot, will cross the right-hand that is thrown at him by the Lieutenant with the strong on weak and will present a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, keeping the left hand right upon his shoulder, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 20.
+
And to guard himself effectively, the Provost must watch the Lieutenant's sword point, and when he disengages below the Provost's sword hilt to throw the high right-hand at him, the Provost not removing the step of the right foot, will cross the right-hand that is thrown at him by the Lieutenant with the strong on weak and will present a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, keeping the left hand right upon his shoulder, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 20.
  
 
''This is the end of the second counter and continuation of the first strike for the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the second counter and continuation of the first strike for the Provost.''
Line 1,069: Line 1,069:
 
| ''The following two portraitures show the guard and position to make the second strike for the Lieutenant and the Provost in this section of the sword alone.''
 
| ''The following two portraitures show the guard and position to make the second strike for the Lieutenant and the Provost in this section of the sword alone.''
  
To do this said guard for the Lieutenant effectively he must have his feet together as shown above in the general position of the Lieutenant marked number 9, which is to demonstrate how one must make all of the guards which is required for fencing. And to do this guard for the Lieutenant, being thus placed as stated, he needs to pull his right foot back a little apart under the right side and at the same time put the sword in hand, carrying the sword hilt a little higher than the right shoulder which is the high guard, placing the sword point straight at the eyes, keeping the left hand above the left thigh, as marked at the portraiture number 21.
+
To do this guard for the Lieutenant effectively he must have his feet together as shown above in the general position of the Lieutenant marked number 9, which is to demonstrate how one must make all of the guards which is required for fencing. And to do this guard for the Lieutenant, being thus placed as stated, he needs to pull his right foot back a little apart under the right side and at the same time put the sword in hand, carrying the sword hilt a little higher than the right shoulder which is the high guard, placing the sword point straight at the eyes, keeping the left hand above the left thigh, as marked at the portraiture number 21.
  
 
''The end of the guard for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the guard for the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,126: Line 1,126:
 
| ''The following is the counter and continuation and declarations of the second strike, which is a low reversal at the Provost's left knee thrown by the Lieutenant.''
 
| ''The following is the counter and continuation and declarations of the second strike, which is a low reversal at the Provost's left knee thrown by the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this the Lieutenant remains on the left foot, seeing himself about to be struck on the elbow of the sword arm as stated at the other said figures marked 23 and 24, immediately this Lieutenant is to make his first counter or continuation and pulls up his right hand for a high thrust, as he should do, keeping the sword hilt with the fingertips facing left and keeping the left hand right of his shoulder, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 25.
+
And to do this the Lieutenant remains on the left foot, seeing himself about to be struck on the elbow of the sword arm as stated at the other figures marked 23 and 24, immediately this Lieutenant is to make his first counter or continuation and pulls up his right hand for a high thrust, as he should do, keeping the sword hilt with the fingertips facing left and keeping the left hand right of his shoulder, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 25.
  
 
''This is the end of the first counter of the strike for the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is the end of the first counter of the strike for the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,148: Line 1,148:
 
| ''Declaration of the second counter of the second strike for the Lieutenant and the Provost.''
 
| ''Declaration of the second counter of the second strike for the Lieutenant and the Provost.''
  
And to do this, the Lieutenant needs to be under the step of the right foot to steal away his sword under the Provost's sword hilt, and to throw again either a high reversal or high thrust for the second counter and continuation of his choice on the right side, keeping the nails on sword hilt facing left, and the left hand straight at his face, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 27.
+
And to do this, the Lieutenant needs to be under the step of the right foot to disengage his sword under the Provost's sword hilt, and to throw again either a high reversal or high thrust for the second counter and continuation of his choice on the right side, keeping the nails on sword hilt facing left, and the left hand straight at his face, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 27.
  
 
''The end of the second counter for this Lieutenant on the second strike.''
 
''The end of the second counter for this Lieutenant on the second strike.''
Line 1,178: Line 1,178:
 
| ''The following guard and position of the third strike, which is a high right-hand for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
| ''The following guard and position of the third strike, which is a high right-hand for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
  
And to do this the Lieutenant needs to have done the steps and drawings, and having remained on the left foot in low guard, keeping the sword hand and the cutting edge down and the point placing a bit above the Provost's braies, keeping also this said Lieutenant's left hand right of his chin, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 29 behind the hat.
+
And to do this the Lieutenant needs to have done the steps and drawings, and having remained on the left foot in low guard, keeping the sword hand and the cutting edge down and the point placing a bit above the Provost's braies, keeping also this Lieutenant's left hand right of his chin, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 29 behind the hat.
  
 
''End of the guard and position for the Lieutenant.''
 
''End of the guard and position for the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,204: Line 1,204:
 
| ''The third strike of the sword alone for the Lieutenant and the Provost is a high right-hand that follows the section of the distinct targets.''
 
| ''The third strike of the sword alone for the Lieutenant and the Provost is a high right-hand that follows the section of the distinct targets.''
  
And to do this, the attacking Lieutenant demonstrating this must, as have been stated many times, be on the step of the left foot as marked above at the portraiture of the Lieutenant, not this one but the other marked number 29. And to do this said third strike, which is a high right-hand at the Provost's left shoulder, the Lieutenant must advance the right foot and throw a right-hand at the defending Provost's left shoulder, keeping the sword hand up<ref>The position of the hand illustrates the fingers down, in opposition to the text.</ref>, and his left hand right of the chin as shown above at the portraiture marked number 31.
+
And to do this, the attacking Lieutenant demonstrating this must, as have been stated many times, be on the step of the left foot as marked above at the portraiture of the Lieutenant, not this one but the other marked number 29. And to do this third strike, which is a high right-hand at the Provost's left shoulder, the Lieutenant must advance the right foot and throw a right-hand at the defending Provost's left shoulder, keeping the sword hand up<ref>The position of the hand illustrates the fingers down, in opposition to the text.</ref>, and his left hand right of the chin as shown above at the portraiture marked number 31.
  
 
''Next is the declaration and defense of the third strike which is a high right-hand thrown by the attacker and defended by the Provost.''
 
''Next is the declaration and defense of the third strike which is a high right-hand thrown by the attacker and defended by the Provost.''
Line 1,226: Line 1,226:
 
| ''The following is the first counter and continuation for the Lieutenant and the Provost, for the third strike of the sword alone.''
 
| ''The following is the first counter and continuation for the Lieutenant and the Provost, for the third strike of the sword alone.''
  
To do this first counter and continuation for the third strike effectively, which is a high right-hand the Lieutenant must be under the right foot having thrown the right-hand against the Provost, as shown in the figure and portraiture number 31 above. And in an instant in order to execute and make the first counter and continuation effectively the Lieutenant must steal away his sword in passing a back-hand below the Provost's sword hilt, and throw a high reversal or high back-hand at the Provost's left shoulder, as shown above in the figure of the Lieutenant, marked number 33.
+
To do this first counter and continuation for the third strike effectively, which is a high right-hand the Lieutenant must be under the right foot having thrown the right-hand against the Provost, as shown in the figure and portraiture number 31 above. And in an instant in order to execute and make the first counter and continuation effectively the Lieutenant must disengage his sword in passing a back-hand below the Provost's sword hilt, and throw a high reversal or high back-hand at the Provost's left shoulder, as shown above in the figure of the Lieutenant, marked number 33.
  
 
''The end of the counter and continuation of the third strike for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the counter and continuation of the third strike for the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,232: Line 1,232:
 
''The following is the defense of the first counter and continuation of the third strike for the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
 
''The following is the defense of the first counter and continuation of the third strike for the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this, this said Provost must be on the right foot. And when the Lieutenant steals away and passes his sword underneath the Provost to throw a back-hand at his right side of the sword, the Provost holding firm on the right foot to defend this continuation will cross his sword on the attacking Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, as defined above many times at the other counters and continuations, keeping the nails on the sword hand down, presenting a thrust at the Lieutenant's stomach, and also keeping his left hand right of his nipple, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 34.
+
And to do this, this Provost must be on the right foot. And when the Lieutenant disengage and passes his sword underneath the Provost to throw a back-hand at his right side of the sword, the Provost holding firm on the right foot to defend this continuation will cross his sword on the attacking Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, as defined above many times at the other counters and continuations, keeping the nails on the sword hand down, presenting a thrust at the Lieutenant's stomach, and also keeping his left hand right of his nipple, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 34.
  
 
''The end of the first counter of the third strike for the Provost.''
 
''The end of the first counter of the third strike for the Provost.''
Line 1,252: Line 1,252:
 
| ''The second counter and continuation of the third strike for the Lieutenant and the Provost.''
 
| ''The second counter and continuation of the third strike for the Lieutenant and the Provost.''
  
And to effectively do the second counter and continuation of the third strike for the Lieutenant, the Lieutenant must be on the right foot and with the Lieutenant sword having reversaled, with the step of the same right foot, he will pass and steal away his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and throw the second counter and continuation with a fore-hand<re>read: right-hand</ref> on the Provost's left shoulder, keeping the nails on the sword hand facing left and the left hand right of the face, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 35.
+
And to effectively do the second counter and continuation of the third strike for the Lieutenant, the Lieutenant must be on the right foot and with the Lieutenant sword having reversaled, with the step of the same right foot, he will pass and disengage his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and throw the second counter and continuation with a fore-hand<re>read: right-hand</ref> on the Provost's left shoulder, keeping the nails on the sword hand facing left and the left hand right of the face, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 35.
  
 
''The end of the second counter and continuation of the third strike for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the second counter and continuation of the third strike for the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,258: Line 1,258:
 
''Next will show and declare the second and last counter and continuation of the third strike for the Provost.''
 
''Next will show and declare the second and last counter and continuation of the third strike for the Provost.''
  
And to do this, the Provost must step as mentioned above, which is on the right foot, and to defend himself from that said counter or continuation, the Provost must cross the attacking Lieutenant's sword near the hilt to a bit higher than the Lieutenant's middle of the sword with strong on weak, keeping the sword hilt and the nails holding it up, presenting a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, and also keeping the Provost's left hand right of his nipple as shown above at the portraiture marked number 36 behind his back.
+
And to do this, the Provost must step as mentioned above, which is on the right foot, and to defend himself from that counter or continuation, the Provost must cross the attacking Lieutenant's sword near the hilt to a bit higher than the Lieutenant's middle of the sword with strong on weak, keeping the sword hilt and the nails holding it up, presenting a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, and also keeping the Provost's left hand right of his nipple as shown above at the portraiture marked number 36 behind his back.
  
 
''This is the end of the second and last counter of the third strike, which is a high right-hand for the Lieutenant marked 35, and defended by the Provost marked 36.
 
''This is the end of the second and last counter of the third strike, which is a high right-hand for the Lieutenant marked 35, and defended by the Provost marked 36.
Line 1,323: Line 1,323:
 
| ''The following is the first counter and continuation of the fourth strike for the attacking Lieutenent against the defending Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the first counter and continuation of the fourth strike for the attacking Lieutenent against the defending Provost.''
  
And to do this, this Lieutenant must remain on the step of the left foot and at the same instance that he throws the high reversal, he steals away his sword below the Provost's and throws a high right-hand at the Provost as the first counter, being as stated on the left foot, keeping the nails on the sword hand up and the left hand right of his chest, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 40.
+
And to do this, this Lieutenant must remain on the step of the left foot and at the same instance that he throws the high reversal, he diengages his sword below the Provost's and throws a high right-hand at the Provost as the first counter, being as stated on the left foot, keeping the nails on the sword hand up and the left hand right of his chest, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 40.
  
 
''The end of the first counter for the demonstrating Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the first counter for the demonstrating Lieutenant.''
Line 1,329: Line 1,329:
 
''This is the defense of the first counter of the fourth strike for the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is the defense of the first counter of the fourth strike for the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this, this said Provost must be on the step of the left foot and when the Lieutenant throws a high right-hand at him, in order to counter the Provost needs to cross and beat down at the same time, and without a moment to waste, be strong on weak, turning the fingernails on the sword hilt up to present a thrust at the Lieutenant's throat or eyes, keeping the left hand right of his nipple as shown above at the portraiture marked number 42.
+
And to do this, this Provost must be on the step of the left foot and when the Lieutenant throws a high right-hand at him, in order to counter the Provost needs to cross and beat down the Lieutenant's sword at the same time, and without a moment to waste, be strong on weak, turning the fingernails on the sword hilt up to present a thrust at the Lieutenant's throat or eyes, keeping the left hand right of his nipple as shown above at the portraiture marked number 42.
  
 
''This is the defense of the first counter, derived from the fourth strike for the Provost.''
 
''This is the defense of the first counter, derived from the fourth strike for the Provost.''
Line 1,349: Line 1,349:
 
| ''The following is the second and last counter for the fourth strike, which is a high reversal, and will also begin on the left foot for this attacking Lieutenant and defended by this Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the second and last counter for the fourth strike, which is a high reversal, and will also begin on the left foot for this attacking Lieutenant and defended by this Provost.''
  
And to do this, this Lieutenant in order to execute the second counter effectively must, without leaving where he's currently planted which is on the left foot, steal away the sword below the Provost's and throw a high reversal, which is the proper strike, keeping the sword hand up and the left hand right of the chin, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 43 behind the bonnet.
+
And to do this, this Lieutenant in order to execute the second counter effectively must, without leaving where he is currently planted which is on the left foot, disengages the sword below the Provost's and throw a high reversal, which is the proper strike, keeping the sword hand up and the left hand right of the chin, as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 43 behind the bonnet.
  
 
''After having declared the second counter by the attacking Lieutenant, stay to perform and declare the second counter for the defending Provost.''
 
''After having declared the second counter by the attacking Lieutenant, stay to perform and declare the second counter for the defending Provost.''
Line 1,375: Line 1,375:
 
''This is the end of the guard and position to make the fifth strike for the sword alone, following the section for the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is the end of the guard and position to make the fifth strike for the sword alone, following the section for the Lieutenant.''
  
''Next is declared the guard and position for this said Provost to defend himself from the fifth strike which is the thrust thrown by the Lieutenant.''
+
''Next is declared the guard and position for this Provost to defend himself from the fifth strike which is the thrust thrown by the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this the Provost is to also have the feet together to do this said guard and position, he then must pull his right foot back and do one of the three drawings and carry the sword hilt a bit higher than the right shoulder to be in high guard, keeping the back of the sword hand up, placing the sword point at the Lieutenant's mouth, and also keeping the left hand right of the chest as shown and can be seen above at the portraiture marked number 46.
+
And to do this the Provost is to also have the feet together to do this guard and position, he then must pull his right foot back and do one of the three drawings and carry the sword hilt a bit higher than the right shoulder to be in high guard, keeping the back of the sword hand up, placing the sword point at the Lieutenant's mouth, and also keeping the left hand right of the chest as shown and can be seen above at the portraiture marked number 46.
  
''This is the end of the position and guard for this said Provost to defend and guard himself from the thrust, the fifth strike, thrown by the attacking Lieutenant.''
+
''This is the end of the position and guard for this Provost to defend and guard himself from the thrust, the fifth strike, thrown by the attacking Lieutenant.''
  
 
| ''Sensuit la tenue & garde pour le Lieutenent assaillant, & pour le Prevost deffendant, pour executer, & tirer un estoc d’haut, pour le cinquiesme coup.''
 
| ''Sensuit la tenue & garde pour le Lieutenent assaillant, & pour le Prevost deffendant, pour executer, & tirer un estoc d’haut, pour le cinquiesme coup.''
Line 1,423: Line 1,423:
 
| ''The following is the first counter and continuation of the fifth strike which is the high thrust thrown by the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the first counter and continuation of the fifth strike which is the high thrust thrown by the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
  
And to do this, the Lieutenant must be on the step of the right foot to do this counter and continuation a little after he has thrown the thrust, the fifth strike with the right-hand, the Lieutenant steals away his sword below the Provost's sword hilt that he has thrown at this Lieutenant, for the first counter and continuation another on the reversal, which is on the Provost's right side, keeping the left hand right of the nipple as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 49. And if the Lieutenant is left-handed, he must throw the strike at the opposite of what is described, holding the opposite step of the counter and continuation, that is to say that if the Lieutenant throws a right-handed reversal, the Provost if left-handed would have to beat it down with a right-hand using his left hand.
+
And to do this, the Lieutenant must be on the step of the right foot to do this counter and continuation a little after he has thrown the thrust, the fifth strike with the right-hand, the Lieutenant disengages his sword below the Provost's sword hilt that he has thrown at this Lieutenant, for the first counter and continuation another on the reversal, which is on the Provost's right side, keeping the left hand right of the nipple as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 49. And if the Lieutenant is left-handed, he must throw the strike at the opposite of what is described, holding the opposite step of the counter and continuation, that is to say that if the Lieutenant throws a right-handed reversal, the Provost if left-handed would have to beat it down with a right-hand using his left hand.
  
 
''The end of the counter for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the counter for the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,429: Line 1,429:
 
''Next will be declared the defense of the first counter and continuation of the fifth strike for the Provost against the agressive Lieutenant.''
 
''Next will be declared the defense of the first counter and continuation of the fifth strike for the Provost against the agressive Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this, the Provost is to also be on the right foot while the Lieutenant steals away his sword to throw the first counter at him which is a high thrust on the right. The Provost seeing this, being on his right foot crosses his sword on that of the Lieutenant with strong on weak, keeping the back of the sword hand up and presenting a thrust to his neck, keeping the left hand right of his left nipple as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 50.
+
And to do this, the Provost is to also be on the right foot while the Lieutenant disengages his sword to throw the first counter at him which is a high thrust on the right. The Provost seeing this, being on his right foot crosses his sword on that of the Lieutenant with strong on weak, keeping the back of the sword hand up and presenting a thrust to his neck, keeping the left hand right of his left nipple as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 50.
  
 
''This is the end of the counter for the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the counter for the Provost.''
Line 1,449: Line 1,449:
 
| ''The following is the second counter and continuation of the fifth strike fo the sword alone, which is a high thrust for the attacking Lieutenant and for the defending Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the second counter and continuation of the fifth strike fo the sword alone, which is a high thrust for the attacking Lieutenant and for the defending Provost.''
  
In order to declare and understand the second counter and continuation for this Lieutenant effectively, he must be on the step of the right foot, as he had been when he threw the fifth strike, the high thrust, passing his sword to steal away the back-hand below the Provost's sword hilt, and in an instant the Lieutenant for the second continuation throws again his choice of a high thrust or high right-hand at the defending Provost's left side, keeping the back of the sword hand down, the nails up, and the keeping left hand right of the nipple as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 51.
+
In order to declare and understand the second counter and continuation for this Lieutenant effectively, he must be on the step of the right foot, as he had been when he threw the fifth strike, the high thrust, passing his sword to disengage the back-hand below the Provost's sword hilt, and in an instant the Lieutenant for the second continuation throws again his choice of a high thrust or high right-hand at the defending Provost's left side, keeping the back of the sword hand down, the nails up, and the keeping left hand right of the nipple as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 51.
  
 
''The end of the second counter for the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the second counter for the Lieutenant.''
  
''Next is declared the protection and defense of the second counter of the fifth strike, which is to guard this said Provost further against the Lieutenant.''
+
''Next is declared the protection and defense of the second counter of the fifth strike, which is to guard this Provost further against the Lieutenant.''
  
 
And to do this, the Provost needs to be on the step of the right foot, cross and beat down the attacking Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, on the right-hand otherwise called the fore-hand, and by this means will defend and ward the Provost from the second counter and continuation, thrown by the Lieutenant, and when all is done the Provost will present a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, keeping the sword hilt and the nails on the hand holding it up, and the left hand right of the left nipple, as shown above at this portraiture marked number 52 behind his hat.
 
And to do this, the Provost needs to be on the step of the right foot, cross and beat down the attacking Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, on the right-hand otherwise called the fore-hand, and by this means will defend and ward the Provost from the second counter and continuation, thrown by the Lieutenant, and when all is done the Provost will present a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, keeping the sword hilt and the nails on the hand holding it up, and the left hand right of the left nipple, as shown above at this portraiture marked number 52 behind his hat.
Line 1,476: Line 1,476:
 
| ''This is the guard and position of the Lieutenant and the Provost for the sixth strike the thrust, multiplied at the sixth distinct target on the defender.''
 
| ''This is the guard and position of the Lieutenant and the Provost for the sixth strike the thrust, multiplied at the sixth distinct target on the defender.''
  
One must declare this next guard and position to make and execute the thrust, which is the sixth and last strike and target, being as stated multiplied in several strikes and counters of the sword alone above. And this is multiplied on the right side. One could begin to pull the left foot but will have to multiply the strikes, or execute them with a feint. But to begin this said guard by the Lieutenant the sixth strike, he will keep himself on the right foot in middle guard, keeping the back of the sword hand up, placing the sword point straight at the Provost's eyes, and the keeping the left hand right of the chin, as shown at the portraiture marked number 53 behind the collar.
+
One must declare this next guard and position to make and execute the thrust, which is the sixth and last strike and target, being as stated multiplied in several strikes and counters of the sword alone above. And this is multiplied on the right side. One could begin to pull the left foot but will have to multiply the strikes, or execute them with a feint. But to begin this guard by the Lieutenant the sixth strike, he will keep himself on the right foot in middle guard, keeping the back of the sword hand up, placing the sword point straight at the Provost's eyes, and the keeping the left hand right of the chin, as shown at the portraiture marked number 53 behind the collar.
  
One must note for left-handers to defend this said high thrust effectively, it is necessary that he keeps the left foot and crosses the sword with strong on weak for defense, as will be seen after the subsequent strike.
+
One must note for left-handers to defend this high thrust effectively, it is necessary that he keeps the left foot and crosses the sword with strong on weak for defense, as will be seen after the subsequent strike.
  
 
''The end and declaration fo the position and guard by the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end and declaration fo the position and guard by the Lieutenant.''
Line 1,484: Line 1,484:
 
''The following is the declaration of the guard and position for the Provost, to prepare to defend from the high thrust, which will be thrown after by the Lieutenant against the Provost, the sixth and last strike being mulitplied as stated at the sixth target.''
 
''The following is the declaration of the guard and position for the Provost, to prepare to defend from the high thrust, which will be thrown after by the Lieutenant against the Provost, the sixth and last strike being mulitplied as stated at the sixth target.''
  
This said guard and position for the Provost, which must be on the right foot like the Lieutenant, is how one can keep on the left foot and advance the right foot, but at the last strike and target being multiplied, we will perform the guard which is being done on the right foot. To do this, the Provost will be on the right foot in low guard, keeping the nails on the sword hand down, placing the sword point straight at the Lieutenant's stomach, and keeping his left hand right of the nipple, as we can see above at the portraiture and figure marked number 54 near the plume of the bonnet.
+
This guard and position for the Provost, which must be on the right foot like the Lieutenant, is how one can keep on the left foot and advance the right foot, but at the last strike and target being multiplied, we will perform the guard which is being done on the right foot. To do this, the Provost will be on the right foot in low guard, keeping the nails on the sword hand down, placing the sword point straight at the Lieutenant's stomach, and keeping his left hand right of the nipple, as we can see above at the portraiture and figure marked number 54 near the plume of the bonnet.
  
One must note that all left-handers who follow the instruction that I put, both for the Lieutenant and also the Provost must make the opposite step, and similarly the drawings and the strikes are also the opposite of right-handers, and those who strive to follow these said reasons will improve. Because experience will make them improve.
+
One must note that all left-handers who follow the instruction that I put, both for the Lieutenant and also the Provost must make the opposite step, and similarly the drawings and the strikes are also the opposite of right-handers, and those who strive to follow these reasons will improve. Because experience will make them improve.
  
 
''This is the end of the position and guard for the Provost to defend himself from the sixth strike, which had been thrown by the demonstrating Lieutenant.''
 
''This is the end of the position and guard for the Provost to defend himself from the sixth strike, which had been thrown by the demonstrating Lieutenant.''
Line 1,510: Line 1,510:
 
| ''The following is the sixth and last strike and target of the sword to be multiplied, which is a high thrust on the reversal thrown by the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the sixth and last strike and target of the sword to be multiplied, which is a high thrust on the reversal thrown by the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
  
And to do this, this Lieutenant must be on the guard and said step shown above at the portraiture marked number 53. This Lieutenant being on the right foot as stated will pretend to make a thrust at the Provost's left side on the right foot, and in an instant will advance the left foot, stealing away his sword below the Provost's sword hilt, and throwing a thrust at his right, keeping the sword hilt and the fingertips on the hand holding it facing left, and keeping the left hand right of his left nipple, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 55 behind the collar of the Lieutenant.
+
And to do this, this Lieutenant must be on the guard and step shown above at the portraiture marked number 53. This Lieutenant being on the right foot as stated will pretend to make a thrust at the Provost's left side on the right foot, and in an instant will advance the left foot, disengaging his sword below the Provost's sword hilt, and throwing a thrust at his right, keeping the sword hilt and the fingertips on the hand holding it facing left, and keeping the left hand right of his left nipple, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 55 behind the collar of the Lieutenant.
  
 
''The end and declaration of the sixth and last strike of the sword alone for the attacking Lieutenant.''
 
''The end and declaration of the sixth and last strike of the sword alone for the attacking Lieutenant.''
Line 1,538: Line 1,538:
 
''This is shown by the author Henry d S. Didier what the Lieutenant must do to effectively attack the Provost with the last strike and target of the sword alone, following the art and order of this.''
 
''This is shown by the author Henry d S. Didier what the Lieutenant must do to effectively attack the Provost with the last strike and target of the sword alone, following the art and order of this.''
  
And to do this, the Lieutenant is to be on the left foot, having thrown the sixth strike as shown above at the portraiture marked number 55. His sword being on the back-hand and to execute the first counter effectively, this Lieutenant will steal away his sword below the Provost's sword hilt, and will throw at him a thrust on the right-hand for the first counter, turning the nails on the sword hand up and the left hand right of his face, to protect against the Provost's sword point as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 57 behind the collar of the Lieutenant.
+
And to do this, the Lieutenant is to be on the left foot, having thrown the sixth strike as shown above at the portraiture marked number 55. His sword being on the back-hand and to execute the first counter effectively, this Lieutenant will disengage his sword below the Provost's sword hilt, and will throw at him a thrust on the right-hand for the first counter, turning the nails on the sword hand up and the left hand right of his face, to protect against the Provost's sword point as shown above at the portraiture and figure marked number 57 behind the collar of the Lieutenant.
  
 
''The end of the first counter and continuation of the sixth strike and target for the attacking Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the first counter and continuation of the sixth strike and target for the attacking Lieutenant.''
Line 1,566: Line 1,566:
 
| ''This is the second and last counter and continuation of the sixth strike being multiplied, which is a high thrust on the reversal, coming from the thrust on the Lieutenant's right-hand executed against the Provost.''
 
| ''This is the second and last counter and continuation of the sixth strike being multiplied, which is a high thrust on the reversal, coming from the thrust on the Lieutenant's right-hand executed against the Provost.''
  
And to do this, this said Lieutenant must be on the left foot and his sword at the first counter, which is a right-hand or thrust, as shown at the portraiture marked 57. And to execute the second and last counter for the Lieutenant, he must steal away his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and throw another thrust on the back-hand, keeping the back of the sword hand up, his left hand right of the face to defend against the Provost's sword point if in case he drives it more forward, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 59 behind the hat.
+
And to do this, this Lieutenant must be on the left foot and his sword at the first counter, which is a right-hand or thrust, as shown at the portraiture marked 57. And to execute the second and last counter for the Lieutenant, he must disengage his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and throw another thrust on the back-hand, keeping the back of the sword hand up, his left hand right of the face to defend against the Provost's sword point if in case he drives it more forward, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 59 behind the hat.
  
 
''This is the end of the second and last counter and continuation for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the second and last counter and continuation for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
Line 1,572: Line 1,572:
 
''The defense of the second counter or continuation of the sixth and last strike of the sword alone, which is a high thrust on the reversal for the defending Provost against the attacking Lieutenant.''
 
''The defense of the second counter or continuation of the sixth and last strike of the sword alone, which is a high thrust on the reversal for the defending Provost against the attacking Lieutenant.''
  
And for the defense of this said counter and continuation for the Provost, he must be on the left foot, and he need to cross the Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, which is near the hilt at the middle of the sword as stated above several times, and present a thrust at the Lieutenant's left nipple or at the eye, having the nails on the sword hand down, and the left hand right of his stomach which is below the sword elbow, as shown in the portraiture marked number 60 behind the hat.
+
And for the defense of this counter and continuation for the Provost, he must be on the left foot, and he need to cross the Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, which is near the hilt at the middle of the sword as stated above several times, and present a thrust at the Lieutenant's left nipple or at the eye, having the nails on the sword hand down, and the left hand right of his stomach which is below the sword elbow, as shown in the portraiture marked number 60 behind the hat.
  
''This is the end of the six said strikes, being multiplied at the distinct targets, as stated above, with counters and continuations, both for the attacking Lieutenant as well as for the defending Provost.''
+
''This is the end of the six strikes, being multiplied at the distinct targets, as stated above, with counters and continuations, both for the attacking Lieutenant as well as for the defending Provost.''
  
 
| ''Icy est la seconde & derniere opposite & suitte, dudit sixiesme coup, estant multiplié, qui est un estoc d’hault,sur le renvers, venant dudit estoc sur le maindroit pour le Lieutenent, contre le Prevost, dont la voicy executée.''
 
| ''Icy est la seconde & derniere opposite & suitte, dudit sixiesme coup, estant multiplié, qui est un estoc d’hault,sur le renvers, venant dudit estoc sur le maindroit pour le Lieutenent, contre le Prevost, dont la voicy executée.''
Line 1,600: Line 1,600:
 
''The following is the declaration, guard, and position of the triangle for the defending Provost.''
 
''The following is the declaration, guard, and position of the triangle for the defending Provost.''
  
And to do this, this Provost must be on the left foot, keeping this foot on the corner of the triangle marked number 1 at the portraiture, having made one of the drawings with the proper step and the Provost is to remain in high guard, keeping the back of the sword hand up, placing the point straight at the Lieutenant's left eye, and the left hand right of his nipple, swiftly deflecting the sword point of said attacking Lieutenant, as shown above number 62 at the pourtraiture.
+
And to do this, this Provost must be on the left foot, keeping this foot on the corner of the triangle marked number 1 at the portraiture, having made one of the drawings with the proper step and the Provost is to remain in high guard, keeping the back of the sword hand up, placing the point straight at the Lieutenant's left eye, and the left hand right of his nipple, swiftly deflecting the sword point of attacking Lieutenant, as shown above number 62 at the pourtraiture.
  
 
''The end of the guard and position of the defending Provost.''
 
''The end of the guard and position of the defending Provost.''
Line 1,624: Line 1,624:
 
And to begin well, the Lieutenant will advance the right foot that was kept back at the portraiture marked number 61 on the footprint  near the corner of the triangle marked number 2, and throw a thrust at the Provost's face, keeping the nails on the sword hand up, and the left hand right of his face as apparently shown here at the portraiture of the Lieutenant marked number 63.
 
And to begin well, the Lieutenant will advance the right foot that was kept back at the portraiture marked number 61 on the footprint  near the corner of the triangle marked number 2, and throw a thrust at the Provost's face, keeping the nails on the sword hand up, and the left hand right of his face as apparently shown here at the portraiture of the Lieutenant marked number 63.
  
''This is how to throw a thrust which will serve as a start to being to do this said triangle for the Lieutenant.''
+
''This is how to throw a thrust which will serve as a start to being to do this triangle for the Lieutenant.''
  
 
''The following is how the Provost need to defend himself from the thrust, thrown by the Lieutenant on the figure and manner of the triangle.''
 
''The following is how the Provost need to defend himself from the thrust, thrown by the Lieutenant on the figure and manner of the triangle.''
Line 1,674: Line 1,674:
 
| ''The following is the second counter and continuation which is a high thrust or high right-hand, originating from the triangle strike for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the second counter and continuation which is a high thrust or high right-hand, originating from the triangle strike for the attacking Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
  
And the Lieutenant again for the second counter of the triangle, if the Lieutenant sees that the Provost defends against the first counter and throws a back-hand as marked number 66 at the Provost, and if he is skillful; the Lieutenant staying on the same right foot step steals away his sword below the Provost's sword hilt by a back-hand, and feints a back-hand at the Provost's cuisse, raising at the same time his sword up, and to execute the second counter he crosses the Provost's sword strong on weak and presents a thrust to the body or the face, shifting the right foot which is on the corner of the triangle or number 3 and puts it on the footprint marked 2, keeping the nails of the sword hand up and the left hand right of the face, as shown at the portraiture marked number 67 behind the hat.
+
And the Lieutenant again for the second counter of the triangle, if the Lieutenant sees that the Provost defends against the first counter and throws a back-hand as marked number 66 at the Provost, and if he is skillful; the Lieutenant staying on the same right foot step disengage his sword below the Provost's sword hilt by a back-hand, and feints a back-hand at the Provost's cuisse, raising at the same time his sword up, and to execute the second counter he crosses the Provost's sword strong on weak and presents a thrust to the body or the face, shifting the right foot which is on the corner of the triangle or number 3 and puts it on the footprint marked 2, keeping the nails of the sword hand up and the left hand right of the face, as shown at the portraiture marked number 67 behind the hat.
  
 
''This is the end for the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
 
''This is the end for the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
Line 1,752: Line 1,752:
 
| ''The first counter and continuation of the rectangle for the Lieutenant and the Provost.''
 
| ''The first counter and continuation of the rectangle for the Lieutenant and the Provost.''
  
And in order to continue to execute the first counter or continuation of the rectangle for the Lieutenant, he again needs to make a continuation seeing if the Provost is skillful and not ignorant and waiting if he defended himself well, the Lieutenant needs to steal away his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and take the left foot on the footprint marked number 3. In passing a right-hand, throwing the body a little back, and removing the right foot on the place marked number 2.<ref>Dupuis thinks 75 represents this correct and that 73 is incorrect.</ref> And as shown above at the portraiture marked number 73 behind the hat.
+
And in order to continue to execute the first counter or continuation of the rectangle for the Lieutenant, he again needs to make a continuation seeing if the Provost is skillful and not ignorant and waiting if he defended himself well, the Lieutenant needs to disengage his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and take the left foot on the footprint marked number 3. In passing a right-hand, throwing the body a little back, and removing the right foot on the place marked number 2.<ref>Dupuis thinks 75 represents this correct and that 73 is incorrect.</ref> And as shown above at the portraiture marked number 73 behind the hat.
  
 
''This is what the Lieutenant must do for the first counter as required for the rectangle strike.''
 
''This is what the Lieutenant must do for the first counter as required for the rectangle strike.''
Line 1,780: Line 1,780:
 
| ''The following is the completion of the rectangle which is a high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the completion of the rectangle which is a high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
  
To complete the rectangle for the Lieutenant against the Provost, the Lieutenant must have the right foot on the footprint marked number 4 and the left foot on the footprint marked 3, stealing away his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and throwing a high right-hand or high thrust to complete the rectangle, keeping the nails on the sword hand down and the left hand right of his face, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 75.
+
To complete the rectangle for the Lieutenant against the Provost, the Lieutenant must have the right foot on the footprint marked number 4 and the left foot on the footprint marked 3, disengaging his sword below the Provost's sword hilt and throwing a high right-hand or high thrust to complete the rectangle, keeping the nails on the sword hand down and the left hand right of his face, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 75.
  
 
''This is the completion of the strike made in the fashion of a rectangle for the Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
''This is the completion of the strike made in the fashion of a rectangle for the Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
Line 1,810: Line 1,810:
 
| ''Next is the plan and position of the attacking Lieutenant to show and make the first grab against the Provost.''
 
| ''Next is the plan and position of the attacking Lieutenant to show and make the first grab against the Provost.''
  
And to do this, this said Lieutenant being on the left foot, having made as stated his step, guard, and placement at the earlier aforementioned plans, and from there he must be on the right foot in middle guard, keeping the nails on the sword hand down and the left hand right of the face to be ready to beat down a high thrust that could from the Provost or any other defender, because all thrusts can be defended and deflected at the hand; but one not to stop them as the point is in the air and far from the force from which it proceeds from. And everything that is in the air is easy to deflect as needed, if it so happens that the Provost advances his point further as shown above at the portraiture marked number 77 behind the collar.  
+
And to do this, this Lieutenant being on the left foot, having made as stated his step, guard, and placement at the earlier aforementioned plans, and from there he must be on the right foot in middle guard, keeping the nails on the sword hand down and the left hand right of the face to be ready to beat down a high thrust that could from the Provost or any other defender, because all thrusts can be defended and deflected at the hand; but one not to stop them as the point is in the air and far from the force from which it proceeds from. And everything that is in the air is easy to deflect as needed, if it so happens that the Provost advances his point further as shown above at the portraiture marked number 77 behind the collar.  
  
 
''The end of the guard and position for the attacking Lieutenant to show the Provost how to do the first grab.''
 
''The end of the guard and position for the attacking Lieutenant to show the Provost how to do the first grab.''
Line 1,836: Line 1,836:
 
| ''In the next two portraitures are shown the first strike which is a high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant against the Provost for doing the first grab of the sword alone.''
 
| ''In the next two portraitures are shown the first strike which is a high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant against the Provost for doing the first grab of the sword alone.''
  
And to do this the Lieutenant having made his step, guard, and placement as stated, is to remain on the left foot and to execute this strike which is a high right-hand or high thrust, this said Lieutenant advances his right foot and throws his choice of either a right-hand or thrust against the Provost, keeping the nails on the sword hand up and the left hand right of his nose as shown at the portraiture marked number 79 behind the collar.
+
And to do this the Lieutenant having made his step, guard, and placement as stated, is to remain on the left foot and to execute this strike which is a high right-hand or high thrust, this Lieutenant advances his right foot and throws his choice of either a right-hand or thrust against the Provost, keeping the nails on the sword hand up and the left hand right of his nose as shown at the portraiture marked number 79 behind the collar.
  
 
''This is the end of the strike that the Lieutenant needs to throw to make the first grab of the sword alone.''
 
''This is the end of the strike that the Lieutenant needs to throw to make the first grab of the sword alone.''
Line 1,870: Line 1,870:
 
| ''First strike thrown as a high right-hand or high thrust for the first grab by the Lieutenant and nearly executed by the Provost as shown here.''
 
| ''First strike thrown as a high right-hand or high thrust for the first grab by the Lieutenant and nearly executed by the Provost as shown here.''
  
And to do this, the Lieutenant needs to have made his said step, guard, and placement, being on the left foot, he must advance the right foot as shown at the figure and portraiture as stated in number 79. And also this said Lieutenant, being on the left foot advances his right foot and throws a high thrust or high right-hand at the Lieutenant<ref>It is meant to read as Provost here.</ref>, keeping the nails of the sword hand up, and keeping also the left hand right of his stomach and below the sword arm, as shown at the portraiture marked number 81.
+
And to do this, the Lieutenant needs to have made his step, guard, and placement, being on the left foot, he must advance the right foot as shown at the figure and portraiture as stated in number 79. And also this Lieutenant, being on the left foot advances his right foot and throws a high thrust or high right-hand at the Lieutenant<ref>It is meant to read as Provost here.</ref>, keeping the nails of the sword hand up, and keeping also the left hand right of his stomach and below the sword arm, as shown at the portraiture marked number 81.
  
 
''This is the end of the strike thrown by the Lieutenant to show the Provost how to do the first grab of the sword alone.''
 
''This is the end of the strike thrown by the Lieutenant to show the Provost how to do the first grab of the sword alone.''
Line 1,900: Line 1,900:
 
''This is everything that the Lieutenant must do to show the Provost what he must do to execute all of the first grab of the sword alone.''
 
''This is everything that the Lieutenant must do to show the Provost what he must do to execute all of the first grab of the sword alone.''
  
''The following is the first grab and its execution for this said Provost against the Lieutenant.''
+
''The following is the first grab and its execution for this Provost against the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this the Provost must have made the first step, guard, and placement as stated; which is to say to be on the left foot while the Lieutenant throws either a high right-hand or high thrust and advances his right foot to execute the first grab for this said Provost, then pulling his left back back and crossing the Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, raising a bit the sword point up and at the same time without a moment to waste the Provost is advancing the left foot and with the left hand grabbing the Lieutenant's sword hilt, twisting the top down and taking the sword from him, carrying it under the arms, presenting the sword point straight at the Lieutenant's mouth, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 84.
+
And to do this the Provost must have made the first step, guard, and placement as stated; which is to say to be on the left foot while the Lieutenant throws either a high right-hand or high thrust and advances his right foot to execute the first grab for this Provost, then pulling his left back back and crossing the Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, raising a bit the sword point up and at the same time without a moment to waste the Provost is advancing the left foot and with the left hand grabbing the Lieutenant's sword hilt, twisting the top down and taking the sword from him, carrying it under the arms, presenting the sword point straight at the Lieutenant's mouth, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 84.
  
 
''This is the end of the first grab, demonstrated by the Lieutenant and executed by the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the first grab, demonstrated by the Lieutenant and executed by the Provost.''
Line 1,952: Line 1,952:
 
| ''The following is a counter-grab shown below by the Lieutenant and executed by the Provost.''
 
| ''The following is a counter-grab shown below by the Lieutenant and executed by the Provost.''
  
And to do this, the Lieutenant being on the left foot as stated, will advance the right foot, throwing a high right-hand or high thrust at the Provost, and again at the same time advance the left foot and take the Provost's sword below his right arm, turning the left hand, and giving a twist to make him leave the sword, and seeing that the Provost is quick and skillful in doing one to him at the same time, the Lieutenant have stepped his said left foot back, and keeping the Provost's sword below his left hand and immediately puts the right hand back on the swordgrip, pretending to put back the swordgrip as shown at the portraiture above marked number 87 behind the head.
+
And to do this, the Lieutenant being on the left foot as stated, will advance the right foot, throwing a high right-hand or high thrust at the Provost, and again at the same time advance the left foot and take the Provost's sword below his right arm, turning the left hand, and giving a twist to make him leave the sword, and seeing that the Provost is quick and skillful in doing one to him at the same time, the Lieutenant have stepped his left foot back, and keeping the Provost's sword below his left hand and immediately puts the right hand back on the swordgrip, pretending to put back the swordgrip as shown at the portraiture above marked number 87 behind the head.
  
 
''This is the end of the counter-grab executed by the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the counter-grab executed by the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
Line 1,958: Line 1,958:
 
''The following is an effective counter-grab for the Provost corresponding with the counter-grab above made by the Lieutenant.''
 
''The following is an effective counter-grab for the Provost corresponding with the counter-grab above made by the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this, this said next Provost will also be on the left foot in high guard, and when the Lieutenant will advance the right foot as instructed to throw a high right-hand or high thrust, the Provost will pull the left foot back and will cross the Lieutenant's sword strong on weak, beating down the high right-hand or high thrust and when he will see that the Lieutenant will advance the left foot to take the sword hilt to make the grab, the Provost will advance the left foot at the same time as him and the Provost will take the Lieutenant's sword hilt below his sword, turning the back of the left hand down as shown above at the portraiture of the Provost marked number 88.
+
And to do this, this next Provost will also be on the left foot in high guard, and when the Lieutenant will advance the right foot as instructed to throw a high right-hand or high thrust, the Provost will pull the left foot back and will cross the Lieutenant's sword strong on weak, beating down the high right-hand or high thrust and when he will see that the Lieutenant will advance the left foot to take the sword hilt to make the grab, the Provost will advance the left foot at the same time as him and the Provost will take the Lieutenant's sword hilt below his sword, turning the back of the left hand down as shown above at the portraiture of the Provost marked number 88.
  
 
''This is the end of the counter-grab for the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is the end of the counter-grab for the Provost against the Lieutenant.''
Line 2,014: Line 2,014:
 
''The following is what the Provost must do to make the second grab against the Lieutenant.''
 
''The following is what the Provost must do to make the second grab against the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this, the Provost also will also be on the left foot in middle guard as shown above at the portraiture in number 90. The Lieutenant having thrown his choice of a high right-hand or high thrust, the Provost pulls the left foot back and crosses and beats down the Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, and seeing that he was tricked by the Lieutenant's step and grab, this said Provost seeing the trickery, signals with his left hand that he wants to turn away and beat down the thrust at him, and can attack the Lieutenant as shown above at the next said portraiture and figure marked number 92 behind his head.
+
And to do this, the Provost also will also be on the left foot in middle guard as shown above at the portraiture in number 90. The Lieutenant having thrown his choice of a high right-hand or high thrust, the Provost pulls the left foot back and crosses and beats down the Lieutenant's sword, strong on weak, and seeing that he was tricked by the Lieutenant's step and grab, this Provost seeing the trickery, signals with his left hand that he wants to turn away and beat down the thrust at him, and can attack the Lieutenant as shown above at the next portraiture and figure marked number 92 behind his head.
  
 
''The end of the second grab made by the Lieutenant at the Provost and how he dealt with it.''
 
''The end of the second grab made by the Lieutenant at the Provost and how he dealt with it.''
Line 2,034: Line 2,034:
 
| ''The second grab shown by the Author to the Lieutenant and executed by him against the Provost, so that he can do this to another.''
 
| ''The second grab shown by the Author to the Lieutenant and executed by him against the Provost, so that he can do this to another.''
  
And to do this, this said Lieutenant must have been on the right foot, advancing the left foot, and throwing a high right-hand or high thrust at the Provost, stealing away with a reversal, passing the sword below the Provost's sword hilt, and at the same time, advancing the left foot and crossing the Provost's sword, strong on weak, and having taken his sword hilt with the left hand, hold it and pull so that he will be forced to leave it, seeing the point in front of him, and so will anyone else when we do the same to them as shown above at the portraiture marked number 93 behind the collar.
+
And to do this, this Lieutenant must have been on the right foot, advancing the left foot, and throwing a high right-hand or high thrust at the Provost, disengaging with a reversal, passing the sword below the Provost's sword hilt, and at the same time, advancing the left foot and crossing the Provost's sword, strong on weak, and having taken his sword hilt with the left hand, hold it and pull so that he will be forced to leave it, seeing the point in front of him, and so will anyone else when we do the same to them as shown above at the portraiture marked number 93 behind the collar.
  
 
''This is the end of the second grab shown and executed by the Lieutenant at the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the second grab shown and executed by the Lieutenant at the Provost.''
  
And the Provost seeing that he is surprised and pressed, obviates the accident and danger that could happen to him, is forced to let go of the sword and pull the right foot back, readying the right and left hand to beat down a thrust that the Lieutenant would throw at him. But he won't since he is only doing so to show him how he could do this to another, imitating well everything about the grabs that the Lieutenant has shown him, as shown above at the portraiture of this said Provost marked number 94 behind the collar.
+
And the Provost seeing that he is surprised and pressed, obviates the accident and danger that could happen to him, is forced to let go of the sword and pull the right foot back, readying the right and left hand to beat down a thrust that the Lieutenant would throw at him. But he won't since he is only doing so to show him how he could do this to another, imitating well everything about the grabs that the Lieutenant has shown him, as shown above at the portraiture of this Provost marked number 94 behind the collar.
  
 
''This is how the Provost must face and do the second grab against the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is how the Provost must face and do the second grab against the Lieutenant.''
Line 2,062: Line 2,062:
 
| ''The second grab as shown and executed by the Lieutenant and now executed by the Provost against his Lieutenant as shown here.''
 
| ''The second grab as shown and executed by the Lieutenant and now executed by the Provost against his Lieutenant as shown here.''
  
The following is a demonstration of how the Lieutenant would show the Provost to make the second grab of the sword alone, and to do that this said Lieutenant must be on the right foot, and having thrown a steep high right-hand or high thrust at the Provost's left shoulder, he advances the left foot and seeing the speed and being surprised by his ability and the instruction that was executed by the Provost, the Lieutenant is forced to pull back his said right foot and let his right hand go from his sword, and with the left hand to beat down the Provost's sword, the Lieutenant had to be careful if he wanted the Provost to not have made this grab, but in the end he chose to be ignorant so that the Provost could be able to make this said grab at him, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 95 of the Lieutenant behind the bonnet.
+
The following is a demonstration of how the Lieutenant would show the Provost to make the second grab of the sword alone, and to do that this Lieutenant must be on the right foot, and having thrown a steep high right-hand or high thrust at the Provost's left shoulder, he advances the left foot and seeing the speed and being surprised by his ability and the instruction that was executed by the Provost, the Lieutenant is forced to pull back his right foot and let his right hand go from his sword, and with the left hand to beat down the Provost's sword, the Lieutenant had to be careful if he wanted the Provost to not have made this grab, but in the end he chose to be ignorant so that the Provost could be able to make this grab at him, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 95 of the Lieutenant behind the bonnet.
  
 
''This is how the Lieutenant loses his sword, seeing that the Provost having done this well as had been shown above.''
 
''This is how the Lieutenant loses his sword, seeing that the Provost having done this well as had been shown above.''
Line 2,114: Line 2,114:
 
| ''The following is the first strike to make and to demonstrate the third grab for the Lieutenant and the Provost.''
 
| ''The following is the first strike to make and to demonstrate the third grab for the Lieutenant and the Provost.''
  
And to do this the Lieutenant must be on the left foot, having made everything that is required as stated, such as the aforementioned steps and one of the three drawings. And to execute this said strike, he will advance the right foot and will throw a high thrust at the left Provost's shoulder, keeping the sword hilt somewhat up, keeping the nails on the sword hand down, and the left hand upon the right nipple, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 99. And to execute this said third grab, the Lieutenant must advance the left foot and at the same time take the defending Provost's sword, extending strongly the left arm and passing it above the right, keeping the back of the hand up, giving a twist below the arms or elbow, and presenting a wholly unrestrained thrust at the Provost's face, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 99.
+
And to do this the Lieutenant must be on the left foot, having made everything that is required as stated, such as the aforementioned steps and one of the three drawings. And to execute this strike, he will advance the right foot and will throw a high thrust at the left Provost's shoulder, keeping the sword hilt somewhat up, keeping the nails on the sword hand down, and the left hand upon the right nipple, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 99. And to execute this third grab, the Lieutenant must advance the left foot and at the same time take the defending Provost's sword, extending strongly the left arm and passing it above the right, keeping the back of the hand up, giving a twist below the arms or elbow, and presenting a wholly unrestrained thrust at the Provost's face, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 99.
  
 
''This is the end of the third grab for the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the third grab for the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
Line 2,146: Line 2,146:
 
''The following is how the Provost must face the Lieutenant who is showing him what he needs to do.''
 
''The following is how the Provost must face the Lieutenant who is showing him what he needs to do.''
  
And to do this, the Lieutenant having made as stated several targets above and discouraged, which is what the Provost needs to have done as he has one of the guards and drawings above, and is remaining on the left foot and the Provost seeing that the Lieutenant has advanced a step to throw a high right-hand or high thrust, which is the strike, having grabbed the Provost's sword and forced him to let go, seeing that the Lieutenant is presenting a thrust to his face, by which the Provost keeps his left hand right of his left nipple, reading to beat down and deflect the Lieutenant's sword that he could thrust at his face, as shown above at the portraiture of this said Provost marked number 102 behind the bonnet.
+
And to do this, the Lieutenant having made as stated several targets above and discouraged, which is what the Provost needs to have done as he has one of the guards and drawings above, and is remaining on the left foot and the Provost seeing that the Lieutenant has advanced a step to throw a high right-hand or high thrust, which is the strike, having grabbed the Provost's sword and forced him to let go, seeing that the Lieutenant is presenting a thrust to his face, by which the Provost keeps his left hand right of his left nipple, ready to beat down and deflect the Lieutenant's sword that he could thrust at his face, as shown above at the portraiture of this Provost marked number 102 behind the bonnet.
  
 
''This is the end of the third grab made and executed by the Lieutenant and what the Provost did, being thus surprised by his master the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is the end of the third grab made and executed by the Lieutenant and what the Provost did, being thus surprised by his master the Lieutenant.''
Line 2,174: Line 2,174:
 
And to do this, the Provost will be on the step of the left foot when the Lieutenant throws his choice of a high right-hand or high thrust at the Provost's left shoulder or left nipple. But to stop whichever strike that he may throw, the Provost needs to pull his left foot back and cross the Lieutenant's sword, dropping the point over the Lieutenant's  arms, and without pause take with the Lieutenant's sword with his left hand, with the back of the hand raised up so that it passes below the elbow to make him lose the sword, presenting a thrust at his stomach as shown above at the portraiture of the Provost marked number 105 behind the collar.
 
And to do this, the Provost will be on the step of the left foot when the Lieutenant throws his choice of a high right-hand or high thrust at the Provost's left shoulder or left nipple. But to stop whichever strike that he may throw, the Provost needs to pull his left foot back and cross the Lieutenant's sword, dropping the point over the Lieutenant's  arms, and without pause take with the Lieutenant's sword with his left hand, with the back of the hand raised up so that it passes below the elbow to make him lose the sword, presenting a thrust at his stomach as shown above at the portraiture of the Provost marked number 105 behind the collar.
  
''This is the end of the third grab for this said defending Provost against the Lieutenant.''
+
''This is the end of the third grab for this defending Provost against the Lieutenant.''
  
 
''Next we will be showing the position and guard for the Lieutenant and the Provost to make and execute the fourth and last grab of the sword alone. There are others, but those have been omitted.<ref>The author is announcing here another edition to augment his book which has never has been written.</ref>
 
''Next we will be showing the position and guard for the Lieutenant and the Provost to make and execute the fourth and last grab of the sword alone. There are others, but those have been omitted.<ref>The author is announcing here another edition to augment his book which has never has been written.</ref>
Line 2,222: Line 2,222:
 
| ''The high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant and defended by the Provost that will have to be repeated at the Lieutenant to execute the fourth grab against the Provost.''
 
| ''The high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant and defended by the Provost that will have to be repeated at the Lieutenant to execute the fourth grab against the Provost.''
  
And to do this, this said Lieutenant must be on the left foot in high guard as shown above at the other portraiture marked number 105, seen in his place. And to execute this strike which at the Lieutenant's choice is either a high right-hand or high thrust, he will advance the right foot and throw a steep thrust at the Provost's face, keeping the sword hilt even higher than the right shoulder and the back of the sword hand down, and the left hand in front of his chin as shown above at the portraiture marked number 107.
+
And to do this, this Lieutenant must be on the left foot in high guard as shown above at the other portraiture marked number 105, seen in his place. And to execute this strike which at the Lieutenant's choice is either a high right-hand or high thrust, he will advance the right foot and throw a steep thrust at the Provost's face, keeping the sword hilt even higher than the right shoulder and the back of the sword hand down, and the left hand in front of his chin as shown above at the portraiture marked number 107.
  
 
''The end of the strike for the attacking Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of the strike for the attacking Lieutenant.''
Line 2,228: Line 2,228:
 
''The way to defend the Provost at the aforementioned high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant so that afterwards he then execute the fourth grab.''
 
''The way to defend the Provost at the aforementioned high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant so that afterwards he then execute the fourth grab.''
  
And to do this, this said Provost must be on the left foot in middle guard as shown above at the portraiture marked number 106. And for the defense of this high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant, this said Provost needs to pull the left foot back and cross his sword with that of the Lieutenant, be it a high right-hand or high thrust, strong on weak, just like we did above at any one of the other said counters and continuations; and present a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, keeping the back of the sword hand down and the nails up, and the left hand right of his nipple, placing the sword point straight at the Lieutenant's mouth as shown and done above at the portraiture of the Provost marked number 108 behind the collar.
+
And to do this, this Provost must be on the left foot in middle guard as shown above at the portraiture marked number 106. And for the defense of this high right-hand or high thrust thrown by the Lieutenant, this Provost needs to pull the left foot back and cross his sword with that of the Lieutenant, be it a high right-hand or high thrust, strong on weak, just like we did above at any one of the other counters and continuations; and present a thrust to the Lieutenant's face, keeping the back of the sword hand down and the nails up, and the left hand right of his nipple, placing the sword point straight at the Lieutenant's mouth as shown and done above at the portraiture of the Provost marked number 108 behind the collar.
  
 
''This is how the Provost effectively guards the aforementioned strike thrown by the Lieutenant.''
 
''This is how the Provost effectively guards the aforementioned strike thrown by the Lieutenant.''
Line 2,252: Line 2,252:
 
| ''The fourth grab shown by the attacking Lieutenant to the defending Provost, as clearly shown and written below.''
 
| ''The fourth grab shown by the attacking Lieutenant to the defending Provost, as clearly shown and written below.''
  
And to do this, the Lieutenant being on the left foot as shown above at the portraiture of the aforementioned position and the guard marked number 105, advanced the right foot and throws a high right-hand or high thrust on the Provost's left to test, as stated and shown above at the portraiture of the Lieutenant marked number 107, and the Lieutenant seeing that the Provost has defended the high right-hand or high thrust, this said Lieutenant in order to make the grab steals away his sword with a right-hand below the Provost's sword, and let his sword drop above the Provost's arms, turning the nails of the sword hand up, and with the left hand near the tip take the Provost's sword. With this the Lieutenant tells the Provost, "Listen, if I wanted to lower and press my left hand down you would be forced to let go of your sword, as you can do to me and in fact will do," as will be seen after provided that you do as shown above at this said portraiture and figure of the Lieutenant marked number 109.
+
And to do this, the Lieutenant being on the left foot as shown above at the portraiture of the aforementioned position and the guard marked number 105, advanced the right foot and throws a high right-hand or high thrust on the Provost's left to test, as stated and shown above at the portraiture of the Lieutenant marked number 107, and the Lieutenant seeing that the Provost has defended the high right-hand or high thrust, this Lieutenant in order to make the grab disengages his sword with a right-hand below the Provost's sword, and let his sword drop above the Provost's arms, turning the nails of the sword hand up, and with the left hand near the tip take the Provost's sword. With this the Lieutenant tells the Provost, "Listen, if I wanted to lower and press my left hand down you would be forced to let go of your sword, as you can do to me and in fact will do," as will be seen after provided that you do as shown above at this portraiture and figure of the Lieutenant marked number 109.
  
 
''This is the end of the fourth and last grab for the demonstrating Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the fourth and last grab for the demonstrating Lieutenant against the defending Provost.''
Line 2,258: Line 2,258:
 
''The following is what the Provost can do when he does not know how to counter-grab. For every grab there is a counter-grab which he did not do above but later will with the knowledge given to him by the Lieutenant.''
 
''The following is what the Provost can do when he does not know how to counter-grab. For every grab there is a counter-grab which he did not do above but later will with the knowledge given to him by the Lieutenant.''
  
And to do this, this said Provost being on the left foot in middle guard as shown above at the portraiture marked number 106 at the Provost to learn to make the aforementioned grab, having pulled the left foot back and remains on the right foot, and having crossed the high right-hand or high thrust that the Lieutenant has thrown, but the Lieutenant having circumvented him by stealing away with a right-hand to get the grab through and the Lieutenant having rendered the point to let go of the Provost's sword, and had he wanted to, he would have taken the sword but decided to leave it alone. Nevertheless the Provost having been tricked as shown above the portraiture marked number 110.
+
And to do this, this Provost being on the left foot in middle guard as shown above at the portraiture marked number 106 at the Provost to learn to make the aforementioned grab, having pulled the left foot back and remains on the right foot, and having crossed the high right-hand or high thrust that the Lieutenant has thrown, but the Lieutenant having circumvented him by disengaging with a right-hand to get the grab through and the Lieutenant having rendered the point to let go of the Provost's sword, and had he wanted to, he would have taken the sword but decided to leave it alone. Nevertheless the Provost having been tricked as shown above the portraiture marked number 110.
  
 
''The end of what the Provost can do against his instructor the Lieutenant.''
 
''The end of what the Provost can do against his instructor the Lieutenant.''
Line 2,282: Line 2,282:
 
''The end of what the Lieutenant does to having shown the Provost how he must make this grab.''
 
''The end of what the Lieutenant does to having shown the Provost how he must make this grab.''
  
''The following is the execution of the fourth and last grab of the sword alone for the Provost against the Lieutenant his said demonstrator.''
+
''The following is the execution of the fourth and last grab of the sword alone for the Provost against the Lieutenant his demonstrator.''
  
And to do this, this said Provost must be on the left foot and when he sees that the Lieutenant or another attacker will throw a high right-hand or high thrust, having advanced the right foot, the Provost will pull his left foot back, and at the same time steal away his sword below the Lieutenant's sword hilt, and without a moment to waste, let the sword point fall on the Lieutenant, and the Provost will forcefully take the Lieutenant's sword point with the left hand and pass and lower it, so it will force the Lieutenant to let go of his sword as shown above at the portraiture of the Provost marked number 112.
+
And to do this, this Provost must be on the left foot and when he sees that the Lieutenant or another attacker will throw a high right-hand or high thrust, having advanced the right foot, the Provost will pull his left foot back, and at the same time disengage his sword below the Lieutenant's sword hilt, and without a moment to waste, let the sword point fall on the Lieutenant, and the Provost will forcefully take the Lieutenant's sword point with the left hand and pass and lower it, so it will force the Lieutenant to let go of his sword as shown above at the portraiture of the Provost marked number 112.
  
 
''This is the end of the fourth and last grab of the sword alone, both by the attacking Lieutenant as well as for the defending Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the fourth and last grab of the sword alone, both by the attacking Lieutenant as well as for the defending Provost.''
Line 2,366: Line 2,366:
 
''The following script is for knowing the position and guard of the Provost for the Lieutenant to execute the subtlety, and showing it to the Provost, as will be seen later at the next strike.''
 
''The following script is for knowing the position and guard of the Provost for the Lieutenant to execute the subtlety, and showing it to the Provost, as will be seen later at the next strike.''
  
And to do this, this said Provost must have also made the step as was done above this said Lieutenant, his demonstrator, and one of the drawings, and having remained on the left foot in high guard, keeping even higher the sword hilt and the back of the sword hand up, placing the point straight at the face, keeping the left hand right of his nipple, as shown above at the portraiture of the Provost above marked number 118.
+
And to do this, this Provost must have also made the step as was done above this Lieutenant, his demonstrator, and one of the drawings, and having remained on the left foot in high guard, keeping even higher the sword hilt and the back of the sword hand up, placing the point straight at the face, keeping the left hand right of his nipple, as shown above at the portraiture of the Provost above marked number 118.
  
 
''This is the end of the guard and position for the Provost.''
 
''This is the end of the guard and position for the Provost.''
Line 2,388: Line 2,388:
 
The Lieutenant, to effectively make and show the Provost the right-hand, the first strike of the order of the sword alone and of the subtlety, must be on the left foot and advance the right foot while throwing a low right-hand at the Provost's knee, keeping his left hand right of his face as shown above at the portraiture marked 119.
 
The Lieutenant, to effectively make and show the Provost the right-hand, the first strike of the order of the sword alone and of the subtlety, must be on the left foot and advance the right foot while throwing a low right-hand at the Provost's knee, keeping his left hand right of his face as shown above at the portraiture marked 119.
  
''The end of the first strike which is a low right-hand thrown by this said Lieutenant and defended by the Provost and executed wherever it is necessary.''
+
''The end of the first strike which is a low right-hand thrown by this Lieutenant and defended by the Provost and executed wherever it is necessary.''
  
  
''The following is everything that the Provost must do to defend and offend at the same time, with the low right-hand at the knee thrown by the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
+
''The following is everything that the Provost must do to defend and attack at the same time, with the low right-hand at the knee thrown by the Lieutenant against the Provost.''
  
And to do this, the Provost being in high guard as shown above at the other said portraiture marked number 118 that the Provost has now seen, the Lieutenant having thrown a low right-hand at his knee, the Provost recognizing this strike that he had done wrong to beat down the sword, and that only the step enough to guarantee himself from the right-hand, and so at this strike the Provost pulls the left foot back, and at the same time while defending, throws the right-hand coming from the high guard at the Lieutenant's sword arm and presents again a thrust at the Lieutenant's braies, keeping the sword hilt high enough and the nails up, and the left hand right of the left nipple, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 120.
+
And to do this, the Provost being in high guard as shown above at the other portraiture marked number 118 that the Provost has now seen, the Lieutenant having thrown a low right-hand at his knee, the Provost recognizing this strike that he had done wrong to beat down the sword, and that only the step enough to guarantee himself from the right-hand, and so at this strike the Provost pulls the left foot back, and at the same time while defending, throws the right-hand coming from the high guard at the Lieutenant's sword arm and presents again a thrust at the Lieutenant's braies, keeping the sword hilt high enough and the nails up, and the left hand right of the left nipple, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 120.
  
''The end of this subtlety for the Provost and everything that he must do, following the instructions of the author and of his said Lieutenant.''
+
''The end of this subtlety for the Provost and everything that he must do, following the instructions of the author and of his Lieutenant.''
  
 
| ''Premier coup de ladit subtilité, qui est sur le premier coup de ladite espée seulle, icy monstrée par ce Lieutenent & executée par ce Prevost.''
 
| ''Premier coup de ladit subtilité, qui est sur le premier coup de ladite espée seulle, icy monstrée par ce Lieutenent & executée par ce Prevost.''
Line 2,447: Line 2,447:
 
And to do this, the Provost being also on the right foot in low guard as shown at the portraiture marked number 122, and at this strike of the Lieutenant having advanced the left foot to throw a low back-hand at the Provost's knee, which seeing him charge it, the Provost pulls the right foot back and crosses his sword with that of the Lieutenant, which is ignorant, as done daily by all of the ignorant demonstrators; but the skilled and the learned no longer does this, because he must gain time in everything, and especially in the art of fencing, as will be seen later; and the Provost keeps his left hand right of his chest as shown at the portraiture marked number 124.
 
And to do this, the Provost being also on the right foot in low guard as shown at the portraiture marked number 122, and at this strike of the Lieutenant having advanced the left foot to throw a low back-hand at the Provost's knee, which seeing him charge it, the Provost pulls the right foot back and crosses his sword with that of the Lieutenant, which is ignorant, as done daily by all of the ignorant demonstrators; but the skilled and the learned no longer does this, because he must gain time in everything, and especially in the art of fencing, as will be seen later; and the Provost keeps his left hand right of his chest as shown at the portraiture marked number 124.
  
''The end of the false strike that this said Provost has done because he has took the unsuitable and improper strike.''
+
''The end of the false strike that this Provost has done because he has took the unsuitable and improper strike.''
  
 
| ''Le second coup, qui est un renvers de bas, qui servira d’espion pour mieux faire & executer la seconde subtilité, pour le Lieutenent, contre le Prevost.''
 
| ''Le second coup, qui est un renvers de bas, qui servira d’espion pour mieux faire & executer la seconde subtilité, pour le Lieutenent, contre le Prevost.''
Line 2,499: Line 2,499:
 
''The following is what the Provost must do for the last strike of the sword alone.''
 
''The following is what the Provost must do for the last strike of the sword alone.''
  
And this last said Provost of the entire treatise, being on the right foot, having seen that the Lieutenant wants to throw a low back-hand at the knee, the Provost pulled back his right foot and thought to throw a back-hand at the Lieutenant's sword arm, as was shown by the above portraiture of the Provost marked number 125, yet here the Provost has found himself frustrated by the execution of the reversal which he thought he was he doing well until the Lieutenant beat him down, strong on weak, and presented a thrust at him, but this was done by the Lieutenant to show the Provost that he can make two of the aforementioned strikes - the reversal and thrust - and so the last Prevost, is to keep his left hand right of his nipple to beat down the Lieutenant's sword since he was crossed strong on weak and cannot defend against a thrust other than with his left hand, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 128 near the plume of his bonnet.
+
And this last Provost of the entire treatise, being on the right foot, having seen that the Lieutenant wants to throw a low back-hand at the knee, the Provost pulled back his right foot and thought to throw a back-hand at the Lieutenant's sword arm, as was shown by the above portraiture of the Provost marked number 125, yet here the Provost has found himself frustrated by the execution of the reversal which he thought he was he doing well until the Lieutenant beat him down, strong on weak, and presented a thrust at him, but this was done by the Lieutenant to show the Provost that he can make two of the aforementioned strikes - the reversal and thrust - and so the last Prevost, is to keep his left hand right of his nipple to beat down the Lieutenant's sword since he was crossed strong on weak and cannot defend against a thrust other than with his left hand, as shown above at the portraiture marked number 128 near the plume of his bonnet.
  
 
''This is the end and the defense of the strike for the last Prevost against the Lieutenant, and every other content of in the treatise of the sword alone as stated, mother of all fencing.''
 
''This is the end and the defense of the strike for the last Prevost against the Lieutenant, and every other content of in the treatise of the sword alone as stated, mother of all fencing.''
Line 2,535: Line 2,535:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
 
! <p>Illustrations</p>
! <p>{{rating|C}}</p> by John Tse
+
! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by John Tse</p>
! <p>[[Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule (Henry de Sainct Didier)|Transcription]]<br/>by [[Olivier Dupuis]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule (Henry de Sainct Didier)|First Edition]] (1573)<br/>Transcribed by [[Olivier Dupuis]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,543: Line 2,543:
 
| ''The following is a treatise on exercise and certain points required to know the tennis, for all those who love it, written by the Author, since it requires the same steps and to know the same strikes of fencing, as will be seen by this treatise, and the Author because of the affinity and friendship they have together, leads to alert and give instruction to the unlearned, which do not understand the terms of this exercise, and not for the learned and skillful.''
 
| ''The following is a treatise on exercise and certain points required to know the tennis, for all those who love it, written by the Author, since it requires the same steps and to know the same strikes of fencing, as will be seen by this treatise, and the Author because of the affinity and friendship they have together, leads to alert and give instruction to the unlearned, which do not understand the terms of this exercise, and not for the learned and skillful.''
  
The author having considered that tennis and fencing are closely related, as stated above, and whoever is able to play said tennis easily would also have learned to throw sword strikes, and so is the opposite, but the one better than the other is fencing because they preserve the health and honor of those who are afraid of losing it. Anyone could ask why fencing and tennis are related. The Author responds and says that the same strikes that one throws from fencing to overcome his enemy in times of peace or to win money or some celebration, which are:
+
The author having considered that tennis and fencing are closely related, as stated above, and whoever is able to easily play tennis would also have learned to throw sword strikes, and so is the opposite, but the one that is better than the other is fencing because it preserves the health and honor of those who are afraid of losing them. Anyone could ask why fencing and tennis are related. The Author responds and says that the same strikes that one throws from fencing to overcome his enemy in times of peace or to win money or some celebration, which are:
  
 
# Right-hand
 
# Right-hand
Line 2,549: Line 2,549:
 
# Thrust
 
# Thrust
  
It is true that one of the aforementinoed strikes must be removed, which is the thrust, and only two will remain which are:
+
It is true that one of the aforementioned strikes must be removed, which is the thrust, and only two will remain which are:
  
 
# Right-hand
 
# Right-hand
 
# Reversal
 
# Reversal
  
The reason why I remove the thrust is since the racket has no point, and thus one would not be able to make a thrust.
+
The reason why I remove the thrust is that the racket has no point, and thus one would not be able to make a thrust.
  
It is true that sometimes we strike and beat down with the racket when the ball comes straight to the face or higher, which is that we return the ball, and we beat it down with the racket when it comes from high or to the face keeping it straight, and leaning neither on the right nor left, and yet in the game of tennis, there are only the aforementioned two strikes, right-hand and reversal. But it is necessary to multiply them properly to 4 targets, from high and low, for example right-hand from below, and right-hand from above, reversal from below, and reversal from above, and thus it is necessary to be very dexterous and graceful to know how to strike because we strike at each other as we do with fencing. And knowing how to strike skillfully, we must observe the words of our ancestors who are skilled tennis players, who said whoever leaps to forsake the volley, will never be an esteemed player; it is necessary to take heed here, which is that when you can volley, you should never wait for a leap. The reason is that with a leap, several accidents can occur, yet on the volley, never, if one is well trained, and is safe.
+
It is true that sometimes we strike and beat down with the racket when the ball comes straight to the face or higher, which is that we return the ball, and we beat it down with the racket when it comes from high or to the face keeping it straight, and leaning neither on the right nor left, and yet in the game of tennis, there are only the aforementioned two strikes, right-hand and reversal. But it is necessary to multiply them properly to 4 targets, from high and low, for example right-hand from below, and right-hand from above, reversal from below, and reversal from above, and thus it is necessary to be very dexterous and graceful to know how to strike because we strike at each other as we do with fencing. And knowing how to strike skillfully, we must observe the words of our ancestors who are skilled tennis players, who whoever leaps to forsake the volley, will never be an esteemed player; it is necessary to take heed here, which is that when you can volley, you should never wait for a leap. The reason is that with a leap, several accidents can occur, yet on the volley, never, if one is well trained, and is safe.
  
 
The accident that can happen to the volley is to crack the wood of the racket, but this is not an accident, instead it is a fault committed by the one who made the wood and not from the inside of the racket to the ball. For this reason I want to warn those who are not yet sure of the leap, who practice the volley, because it should never be done, but they are the ones who fail it, and if it is necessary, we still have recourse to the leap, and yet who can, must always take the volley, and not the leap.
 
The accident that can happen to the volley is to crack the wood of the racket, but this is not an accident, instead it is a fault committed by the one who made the wood and not from the inside of the racket to the ball. For this reason I want to warn those who are not yet sure of the leap, who practice the volley, because it should never be done, but they are the ones who fail it, and if it is necessary, we still have recourse to the leap, and yet who can, must always take the volley, and not the leap.
Line 2,562: Line 2,562:
 
''Next will be declared the points which are necessary in the game and exercise of tennis which must be observed.''
 
''Next will be declared the points which are necessary in the game and exercise of tennis which must be observed.''
  
The first requirement of one who wants to attack another, consequently is to take leaded shoes or else heavy heels and wear them for two or three hours before starting his game; after the time passes, one will take off these said heavy heels and be content with his own shoes, or he wears light slippers which are sufficient, and in doing so he will find that he is more ready and skillful than those who will not do so, for experience is the master of all arts.
+
The first requirement of one who wants to attack another, consequently is to take leaded shoes or else heavy heels and wear them for two or three hours before starting his game; after the time passes, one will take off these heavy heels and be content with his own shoes, or he wears light slippers which are sufficient, and in doing so he will find that he is more ready and skillful than those who will not do so, for experience is the master of all arts.
  
 
The second requirement is to demand and choose the primary racket that is lightest in the hand. Just as all of fencing requires a light sword and a heavy dagger, tennis also must have a light racket and a weighted ball, weighing not too much nor too little, because everything that is too much or too little is worthless.
 
The second requirement is to demand and choose the primary racket that is lightest in the hand. Just as all of fencing requires a light sword and a heavy dagger, tennis also must have a light racket and a weighted ball, weighing not too much nor too little, because everything that is too much or too little is worthless.
Line 2,570: Line 2,570:
 
The fourth point, having carefully observed all that is said, that remains is on which step it is necessary to take to effectively perform  the art of tennis, and to serve the ball well on the roof, and give a wicked game as much as possible throughout the game. I say that as good practice for all the strikes being multiplied and to serve well, it is necessary to keep on the left foot initially and almost always while doing a pirouette on it: look for the ball on the side it will travel. Some might say, "I don't know where the ball will go and cannot decide." One should consider when deciding where the ball will be hit by their opposing party, observe him and decide where he wants to hit it is fine. But I'll give one that's better and the apparent reason. The aforementioned judgment is often deceptive because by observing him, one cannot truly figure out what the inside wants to do and execute which is to direct and cast the ball. I only want to decide based on where the opposing party can cast it. Do not observe him because he will deceive you, but instead look closely at the ball being served. And never lose sight of the ball because whoever is outside direct and leads without being misled by the inside which is the will of your opposing party; and yet being sure of your hand, without fail you will easily defeat your opponent without observing him; however if you look at him you will think that he casts the ball at you in the opposite direction of his gaze yet the inside will be entirely different, and nevertheless, you could be deceived by looking at your opposing party, so you will never be looking at the ball. And it is this argument that I have made of fencing where you must look at the sword point and not at the intent of the man.
 
The fourth point, having carefully observed all that is said, that remains is on which step it is necessary to take to effectively perform  the art of tennis, and to serve the ball well on the roof, and give a wicked game as much as possible throughout the game. I say that as good practice for all the strikes being multiplied and to serve well, it is necessary to keep on the left foot initially and almost always while doing a pirouette on it: look for the ball on the side it will travel. Some might say, "I don't know where the ball will go and cannot decide." One should consider when deciding where the ball will be hit by their opposing party, observe him and decide where he wants to hit it is fine. But I'll give one that's better and the apparent reason. The aforementioned judgment is often deceptive because by observing him, one cannot truly figure out what the inside wants to do and execute which is to direct and cast the ball. I only want to decide based on where the opposing party can cast it. Do not observe him because he will deceive you, but instead look closely at the ball being served. And never lose sight of the ball because whoever is outside direct and leads without being misled by the inside which is the will of your opposing party; and yet being sure of your hand, without fail you will easily defeat your opponent without observing him; however if you look at him you will think that he casts the ball at you in the opposite direction of his gaze yet the inside will be entirely different, and nevertheless, you could be deceived by looking at your opposing party, so you will never be looking at the ball. And it is this argument that I have made of fencing where you must look at the sword point and not at the intent of the man.
  
''I do not put these said reasons for those who already understand them, but on the contrary for those who do not understand them.''
+
''I do not put these reasons for those who already understand them, but on the contrary for those who do not understand them.''
  
 
I was kind enough to speak of tennis because a brave man who is one of the good players came to see me two or three times only, and having learned effectively two or three strikes, he increased his skill almost by fifteen; and the brave man throws a forehand and reversal very gracefully, and thus tennis and fencing, as stated have a great affinity.
 
I was kind enough to speak of tennis because a brave man who is one of the good players came to see me two or three times only, and having learned effectively two or three strikes, he increased his skill almost by fifteen; and the brave man throws a forehand and reversal very gracefully, and thus tennis and fencing, as stated have a great affinity.
Line 2,625: Line 2,625:
 
| FRIENDLY READER,
 
| FRIENDLY READER,
  
The author is cognizant that fencing and law are two virtues most required to acquire the friendship of Kings, Princes, and Lords, even of Ladies. For this reason the Author preferred to choose and follow the art and practice of this than of the law: not that he abandoned them completely; but in this were practiced for the space of thirty years and after many long days, God bestowed him the grace with which he dedicated and in fact presented this treatise to one of the greatest Christian Monarchs under heaven. And by his command took with his Highness fencing, and with my Lord the Duke of Guise and others of his court, of which the Author has praised and praises God, who has made him well and fortunate and with favor of His said Majesty. Because of this, he once again took courage and daring, after being privileged by the Lord to have it printed, and put in light for the relief and satisfaction of his nobility and for public good. There may be some who may slander against the Author for the reasoning of the treatise and other little discourse, and advices made on the exercises and tennis. The Author has not dealt with what was said, for those who are skillful and have experimented and who understand the real terms, which are required in the two exercises; but good for those who do not understand them, that is to say fencing and tennis.
+
The author is cognizant that fencing and law are two virtues most required to acquire the friendship of Kings, Princes, and Lords, even of Ladies. For this reason the Author preferred to choose and follow the art and practice of this than of the law: not that he abandoned them completely; but in this were practiced for the space of thirty years and after many long days, God bestowed him the grace with which he dedicated and in fact presented this treatise to one of the greatest Christian Monarchs under heaven. And by his command took with his Highness fencing, and with my Lord the Duke of Guise and others of his court, of which the Author has praised and praises God, who has made him well and fortunate and with favor of His Majesty. Because of this, he once again took courage and daring, after being privileged by the Lord to have it printed, and put in light for the relief and satisfaction of his nobility and for public good. There may be some who may slander against the Author for the reasoning of the treatise and other little discourse, and advices made on the exercises and tennis. The Author has not dealt with what was said, for those who are skillful and have experimented and who understand the real terms, which are required in the two exercises; but good for those who do not understand them, that is to say fencing and tennis.
  
 
For this reason the Author requests that the Readers only to take it in good faith and to excuse him. And do not look at the language nor to the letter nor the skin<ref>lit. bark or shell, outer layer. Idiom similar to "Don't judge a book by its cover.</ref> of it, because at times it can find itself, for such things will contradict itself and will want to slander what he does not know and does not know how to do, and having wanted and spoken to the Author who may discuss with you for an explanation, and effectively show the treatise's contents, of which the contradictors, if any are found, may be satisfied, if the wise and their thoughts are determined and facts will not do it, thus they will address the Author who will be able to make them satisfied with the reason for his explanations.
 
For this reason the Author requests that the Readers only to take it in good faith and to excuse him. And do not look at the language nor to the letter nor the skin<ref>lit. bark or shell, outer layer. Idiom similar to "Don't judge a book by its cover.</ref> of it, because at times it can find itself, for such things will contradict itself and will want to slander what he does not know and does not know how to do, and having wanted and spoken to the Author who may discuss with you for an explanation, and effectively show the treatise's contents, of which the contradictors, if any are found, may be satisfied, if the wise and their thoughts are determined and facts will not do it, thus they will address the Author who will be able to make them satisfied with the reason for his explanations.
Line 2,642: Line 2,642:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| PRIVILEGE OF THE KING.
 
| PRIVILEGE OF THE KING.
King Charles of France by the grace of God. To our friends and foes, the people on the courts of Parliament, Bailiffs, Officials, Provosts, or their Lieutenants, and to all our justices and officers, and to anyone who wishes to be included, salutations and blessings. Our dear and good friend Provencal Gentleman Esquire Henry S. Didier, we have heard that he wrote certain books that he had dedicated to us in the manner of fencing, namely on the sword alone, the sword and dagger, sword and cape, sword and rondel, sword and targe, sword and buckler, two-handed sword, dual-wielding swords, and dagger alone, written for the art, order, and practice with the means to defend and offend at the same time with strikes that can be thrown both in attacking as well as in defending, which is very useful and notable for making skillful youths which similarly he will write for all of the weapons he would like to glady have printed and illuminated. However as something that he could only do with great expense and fees, he fears that after having incurred the expenses, no printer nor booksellers nor anyone else, to his serious detriment and damage, would reprint them if he did not have our permission and special privilege. To that end, we have humbly implored and requested him to provide this letter as necessary. We desire with these causes as much as possible for us to treat every people with knowledge to the maintenance and advancement of things that are useful and beneficial to the public. So to encourage everyone to more willingly strive to do the same, having audited S. Didier, we have granted by those present that he can be free to have the all of the books written by him on the same subjects mentioned above printed by any printer as he sees fit. And to that end, whoever the printers chosen will be in charge of the books, will be compensated for the fees as is acceptable for doing this effect. We have continued to inhibit and defend all other booksellers and printers in our Kingdom, land, and lordship of our obedience, that during the terms of ten consecutive years following to be counted from the day and date to its said books will have been printed, they cannot print neither large, small, nor any other form whatever form it takes, and do not sell the above said books, which will have been printed by no other than by him or those who will be in charge of said S. Didier, on pain of arbitrary fine, confiscation, and loss of all said books. If we mandate you, we commit and enjoin by those presents and to each of you in right be, if as it will belong to him, that according to our granted permissions and will, you make or have made express inhibitions and defenses by us on the penalties mentioned above, and other than that will be imposed on all printers and  booksellers remaining in your rights and jurisdictions that by afterwards, none of them other than the one who will have charge and express commission of said by S. Didier, do not print nor put for sale during the time of ten years the books above mention and if after the orders made you find any offenders proceed against them by condemnation of said penalties and otherwise also that will be done according to the requirements of the cases, because such is our pleasure, and because of the contents in those aforementioned present will be able to deal in several and various places. We want the vidimus<ref>A vidimus is a certified copy of an earlier act</ref> of these to be made under royal seal or collated by one of our notaries and secretaries done either as this present original and that by putting a brief or extracting the content in its said present at the beginning of the aforementioned books they are held as it should be, signaling to all the aforementioned booksellers and printers and others like them. Given in Paris on the twenty third day of January in the year of the Lord one thousand five hundred and seventy-three of the thirteenth reign<ref>of King Charles IX</ref>. Thus signed for the King by Brulart<ref>It must be either  Pierre or Jean Brûlart who both served on Parliament</ref> and sealed on a simple yellow wax queue<ref>If the seal is appended to the document with a strip of parchment, it is called a "queue". If there is a double strip, it is then called a "double queue".</ref>
+
King Charles of France by the grace of God. To our friends and foes, the people on the courts of Parliament, Bailiffs, Officials, Provosts, or their Lieutenants, and to all our justices and officers, and to anyone who wishes to be included, salutations and blessings. Our dear and good friend Provencal Gentleman Esquire Henry S. Didier, we have heard that he wrote certain books that he had dedicated to us in the manner of fencing, namely on the sword alone, the sword and dagger, sword and cape, sword and rondel, sword and targe, sword and buckler, two-handed sword, dual-wielding swords, and dagger alone, written for the art, order, and practice with the means to defend and attack at the same time with strikes that can be thrown both in attacking as well as in defending, which is very useful and notable for making skillful youths which similarly he will write for all of the weapons he would like to glady have printed and illuminated. However as something that he could only do with great expense and fees, he fears that after having incurred the expenses, no printer nor booksellers nor anyone else, to his serious detriment and damage, would reprint them if he did not have our permission and special privilege. To that end, we have humbly implored and requested him to provide this letter as necessary. We desire with these causes as much as possible for us to treat every people with knowledge to the maintenance and advancement of things that are useful and beneficial to the public. So to encourage everyone to more willingly strive to do the same, having audited S. Didier, we have granted by those present that he can be free to have the all of the books written by him on the same subjects mentioned above printed by any printer as he sees fit. And to that end, whoever the printers chosen will be in charge of the books, will be compensated for the fees as is acceptable for doing this effect. We have continued to inhibit and defend all other booksellers and printers in our Kingdom, land, and lordship of our obedience, that during the terms of ten consecutive years following to be counted from the day and date to its books will have been printed, they cannot print neither large, small, nor any other form whatever form it takes, and do not sell the above books, which will have been printed by no other than by him or those who will be in charge of S. Didier, on pain of arbitrary fine, confiscation, and loss of all books. If we mandate you, we commit and enjoin by those presents and to each of you in right be, if as it will belong to him, that according to our granted permissions and will, you make or have made express inhibitions and defenses by us on the penalties mentioned above, and other than that will be imposed on all printers and  booksellers remaining in your rights and jurisdictions that by afterwards, none of them other than the one who will have charge and express commission by S. Didier, do not print nor put for sale during the time of ten years the books above mention and if after the orders made you find any offenders proceed against them by condemnation of penalties and otherwise also that will be done according to the requirements of the cases, because such is our pleasure, and because of the contents in those aforementioned present will be able to deal in several and various places. We want the vidimus<ref>A vidimus is a certified copy of an earlier act</ref> of these to be made under royal seal or collated by one of our notaries and secretaries done either as this present original and that by putting a brief or extracting the content in its present at the beginning of the aforementioned books they are held as it should be, signaling to all the aforementioned booksellers and printers and others like them. Given in Paris on the twenty third day of January in the year of the Lord one thousand five hundred and seventy-three of the thirteenth reign<ref>of King Charles IX</ref>. Thus signed for the King by Brulart<ref>It must be either  Pierre or Jean Brûlart who both served on Parliament</ref> and sealed on a simple yellow wax queue<ref>If the seal is appended to the document with a strip of parchment, it is called a "queue". If there is a double strip, it is then called a "double queue".</ref>
  
 
|  PRIVILEGE DU ROY.
 
|  PRIVILEGE DU ROY.
Line 2,667: Line 2,667:
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Translation
 
  | work        = Translation
  | authors    = [[John Tse]]
+
  | authors    = [[translator::John Tse]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
  | source title=  
+
  | source title= Wiktenauer
 
  | license    = attribution
 
  | license    = attribution
 
}}
 
}}
Line 2,684: Line 2,684:
 
== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
* Hyatt, Robert Preston and Wilson, Devon. "The Single Sword of Henry de Sainct Didier." ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts''. Ed. [[Jeffrey Hull]]. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
+
{{bibliography}}
* [[Henry de Sainct Didier|Sainct Didier, Henry de]]. ''The Single Sword of Henry de Sainct-Didier (Traicté Contenant Les Secrets Du Premier Livre Sur L'Espée Seule)''. Trans. Robert Preston Hyatt and Devon Wilson. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1581607048
 
* Slee, Chris. ''Secrets of the Sword Alone''. LongEdge Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0646926353
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 2,697: Line 2,695:
  
 
[[Category:French]]
 
[[Category:French]]
 
[[Category:Copy/Pasting]]
 
[[Category:Translation]]
 
  
 
[[Category:Arming Sword]]
 
[[Category:Arming Sword]]
[[Category:Dagger]]
 
[[Category:Double Side Swords]]
 
[[Category:Greatsword]]
 
 
[[Category:Side Sword]]
 
[[Category:Side Sword]]
[[Category:Sword and Buckler]]
 
[[Category:Sword and Cloak]]
 
[[Category:Sword and Dagger]]
 
[[Category:Sword and Shield]]
 
 
[[Category:Rapier]]
 
[[Category:Rapier]]
  
 
[[Category:Old format]]
 
[[Category:Old format]]

Latest revision as of 20:00, 26 January 2024

Henry de Sainct Didier
Born 1530s (?)
Pertuis, Provence
Died after 1584
Paris, France (?)
Occupation Fencing master
Patron Charles IX of France
Influences
Influenced Salvator Fabris (Extremely dubious)
Genres Fencing manual
Language Middle French
Notable work(s) Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule (1573)
Translations Traducción castellano
Signature Henry de Sainct Didier sig.png

Henry de Sainct Didier, Esq. was a 16th century French fencing master. He was born to a noble family in Pertuis in the Provence region of France, son of Luc de Sainct Didier. Sainct Didier made his career in the French army, ultimately serving 25 years and seeing action in Piedmont, Italy from 1554 - 1555. He wrote of himself that he "lived his whole life learning to fight with the single sword" and eventually "reached a point of perfection" in his art. Apparently he became a fencing master of some renown, for in ca. 1573 he secured a royal privilege for a period of ten years for treatises on a number of weapons, including the dagger, single sword, double swords, sword and buckler, sword and cloak, sword and dagger, sword and shield (both rotella and targe), and greatsword. Unfortunately, only his treatise on the single sword, titled Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule ("Secrets of the Premier Book on the Single Sword") and printed on 4 June 1573, is known to survive; it seems likely that the others were never published at all.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. Pristin : ancien, antérieur
  2. Insertion du « a ».
  3. The "es" is a wooden board placed in the back wall of the tennis court which, if hit by a volley, is scored immediately. In modern tennis, this board is replaced by a grid.
  4. « L'es », habituellement orthographiée « ais », désigne une planche de bois placée dans le mur du fond de la salle de jeu de paume qui, si elle est touchée par un coup de volée, donne le point immédiatement. Dans le jeu de paume moderne, cette planche est remplacée par une grille. Il est possible que cet « ais » ait donné le terme anglais d'« ace » que les étymologies modernes confondent avec l'« as » du jeu de carte. Voir la définition d' « ais » de l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et d'Alembert.
  5. L’esteuf : ancien nom pour la balle.
  6. précéder. « Préaller » subsiste en français sous la forme « préalable ».
  7. Il s’agit très probablement du maître d'arme italien Fabris Salvator de Padoue (1544-1617). Voir la note sur Fabris Salvator de Vigeant p. 162 et aussi les références à ses publications (Vigeant p. 55-56)
  8. Version alimentaire de l’adage « blanc bonnet et bonnet blanc ».
  9. Transcription la plus sûre du texte : « gran d erre »
  10. Serviteur du grand prêtre venu arrêter Jésus au Mont des Olivier et dont l’oreille coupée a été immédiatement guérie. Selon la lecture du passage, il est parfois pris pour celui qui soufflète Jésus.
  11. Un des anciens nom de l’abeille.
  12. Sens incertain ; peut-être s'agit-il d'une mauvaise graphie de « filial ».
  13. drillant : étincellant, brillant (dictionnaire de Nicot).
  14. Correction du texte d’origine donnant « peid ».
  15. Cette correction sur les images d'Henri de Saint-Didier indique que celles-ci ont été réalisées avant la version finale du texte.
  16. Le « o » de troisiesme est curieusement placé en exposant.
  17. Suppression du doublement de l'esperluette.
  18. Dupuis states the original says left but is incompatible with the rest of the text and the engraving.
  19. Proposition de correction de l’édition originale qui donne « gauche », en incohérence avec la gravure et le texte plus bas qui confirme que la posture du Lieutenent est identique à celle de la section précédente où c’était bien le pied droit qui était reculé.
  20. Deuxième remarque de l'auteur sur les gravures montrant que le texte a été retouché après réception des gravures. À comparer avec une remarque similaire faite dans le i.33.
  21. Correction du texte d’origine donnant « Leiutenent ».
  22. In modern fencing, dérobement is a fencing term for disengage. In French it means to shirk or to avoid.
  23. Correction de l'édition originale qui omet lors d'un changement de page le début du mot « haute »
  24. The position of the hand illustrates the fingers down, in opposition to the text.
  25. La position de la main illustrée a les doigts au-dessus, en opposition avec le texte.
  26. Proposition de correction pour « bessoin »
  27. Proposition de correction pour « avan-main »
  28. Proposition de correction pour « couté »
  29. Proposition de correction pour « Vola ».
  30. Proposition de correction pour « ongle »
  31. Sens inconnu.
  32. La tuition est un synonyme de « garde », « défense », très souvent employé à cette époque pour appuyer le mot « défense ».
  33. Proposition de correction pour « Provost »
  34. Proposition de correction de « du–sixiesme »
  35. Proposition de correction pour « persent ».
  36. The triangle represented here is not correct. The one marked 65 seems to better reflect the proposed movement.
  37. Proposition de correction pour « le ongles ».
  38. Le triangle représenté ici n'est pas correct, celui cotté 65 paraît rendre mieux compte du déplacement proposé.
  39. Dupuis thinks 75 represents this correct and that 73 is incorrect.
  40. Proposition de correction pour « Lieutent ». La marque indiquant une contraction a probablement été omise.
  41. On pourrait compléter : « ...et le mettre en 4 ». L'illustration 73 est incorrecte puisque le pied gauche est resté sur la semelle 1 et n'est pas placé sur la semelle 3 (à gauche) comme demandé ; la position des pieds de l'illustration 75 correspond à ce qui aurait dû être représenté.
  42. The Provost shown at the portraiture does not correspond to the text since he is on the right foot
  43. Proposition de correction pour « dh’aut »
  44. Sic.
  45. Le prévôt représenté ici ne correspond pas au texte puisqu'il se tient sur le pied droit.
  46. The Provost of 80 isn't on the left foot as written but is coherent with 78.
  47. Le prévôt de la figure 80 n’est pas sur le pied gauche comme écrit et mais reste cohérent avec la figure 78.
  48. It is meant to read as Provost here.
  49. Il faut évidemment lire ici « Prevost ».
  50. Proposition de correction pour « suprint »
  51. Sic.
  52. Suppression du doublement de l'esperluette dans « sa cuisse gauche, & & tous ».
  53. Sic. Au XVIe siècle, le genre des mots était encore indécis.
  54. The author is announcing here another edition to augment his book which has never has been written.
  55. L’auteur annonce ici une prochaine édition augmentée de son oeuvre qui n’a a priori jamais eu lieu.
  56. Proposition de correction pour « ou ».
  57. Proposition de correction pour « mostré »
  58. Du latin médiéval « inquinatum » signifiant « pour combien »
  59. lit. bark or shell, outer layer. Idiom similar to "Don't judge a book by its cover.
  60. A vidimus is a certified copy of an earlier act
  61. of King Charles IX
  62. It must be either Pierre or Jean Brûlart who both served on Parliament
  63. If the seal is appended to the document with a strip of parchment, it is called a "queue". If there is a double strip, it is then called a "double queue".
  64. Dilection : attachement, amour pur.
  65. Un vidimus est la copie certifiée d'un acte antérieur.
  66. Il doit s'agit de Pierre ou Jean Brûlart (tout deux avait une charge au Parlement) qui signe pour le roi.