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| first printed edition =  
 
| first printed edition =  
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
 
| wiktenauer compilation by=[[Michael Chidester]]
| translations          =  
+
| translations          = {{german translation|http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2013/07/04/ms-g-b-f-18-a-modus-dimicandi-magistri-h-beringois/|1}}
 
| below                =  
 
| below                =  
 
}}
 
}}
'''Magister H. Beringer''' was a [[century::15th century]] writer credited with authoring a poem on fencing with some connection to the [[Recital]] of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. It is first recorded in the [[Modus Dimicandi (MS G.B.f.18.a)|MS G.B.f.18.a]] (ca. 1418-28), and thus predates all records of Liechtenauer's teachings. The extreme difference in the order of verses between Beringer and Liechtenauer, along with the fact that Beringer's text includes only a substantial fragment of one section of Liechtenauer's, makes a direct transmission from one master to the other seem unlikely. It may be that both men were heritors of an older oral tradition in which the exact sequence of verses was not set, or it may be that Beringer's verse represents just one of the teachings that Liechtenauer received and compiled over the course of the journeys described in [[Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]].<ref>See MS 3227a, fol. 13v. "There is just one art of the sword, and... Master Liechtenauer internalized and applied it quite completely and correctly—not that he discovered and conceived it himself, but rather, he traveled through many lands and sought the legitimate and truthful art for the sake of experiencing and knowing it."</ref>
+
'''Magister H. Beringer''' was a [[century::15th century]] writer credited with authoring a poem on fencing with some connection to the [[Recital]] of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]]. It is first recorded in the [[Modus Dimicandi (MS G.B.f.18.a)|MS G.B.f.18.a]] (ca. 1418-28), and thus predates all records of Liechtenauer's teachings. The opening of the verse includes a blessing indicating that Beringer was deceased at the time of writing.
 +
 
 +
The extreme difference in the order of verses between Beringer and Liechtenauer, along with the fact that Beringer's text includes only half<ref>112 of the 218 lines.</ref> of one section of Liechtenauer's, makes a direct transmission from one master to the other seem unlikely. It may be that both men were heritors of an older oral tradition in which the exact sequence of verses was not set, or it may be that Beringer's verse represents just one of the teachings that Liechtenauer received and compiled over the course of the journeys described in [[Nuremberg Hausbuch (MS 3227a)|MS 3227a]].<ref>See MS 3227a, fol. 13v. "There is just one art of the sword, and... Master Liechtenauer internalized and applied it quite completely and correctly—not that he discovered and conceived it himself, but rather, he traveled through many lands and sought the legitimate and truthful art for the sake of experiencing and knowing it."</ref>
 +
 
 +
Beringer's verse was recapitulated by [[Hans Folz]] in the [[Die Meisterlieder des Hans Folz (MS Q.566)|MS Q.566]] (1479), but in an unattributed and garbled form indicates he did not copy from the MS G.B.f.18.a.
  
 
== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
 +
 +
In the presentation below, Hans Folz' verses have been rearranged to match the sequence given by Beringer. The verses that are not found in Beringer have been inserted based on their positions in Liechtenauer's verse.
  
 
{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Long Sword
 
  | title = Long Sword
  | width = 84em;
+
  | width = 87em;
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="wikitable floated master"
+
{| class="floated master"
 
|-   
 
|-   
! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p>
+
! style="width:31em;" | <p>{{rating|c|Draft Translation (from the Jena)}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Modus Dimicandi (MS G.B.f.18.a)|Jena Transcription]] (1418-28){{edit index|Modus Dimicandi (MS G.B.f.18.a)}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Modus Dimicandi (MS G.B.f.18.a)|Jena Transcription]] (1418-28){{edit index|Modus Dimicandi (MS G.B.f.18.a)}}<br/>by [[Jens P. Kleinau]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Die Meisterlieder des Hans Folz (MS Q.566)|Weimar Version]] (1479){{edit index|Die Meisterlieder des Hans Folz (MS Q.566)}}<br/>by [[Andreas Meier]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Die Meisterlieder des Hans Folz (MS Q.566)|Weimar Version]] (1479){{edit index|Die Meisterlieder des Hans Folz (MS Q.566)}}<br/>by [[Andreas Meier]]</p>
Line 52: Line 58:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Here starts the good and true fencing mode of master H. Beringer, of blessed memory.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Here starts the good and true fencing mode of master H. Beringer, of blessed memory.'''</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Young knight learn<br/>
+
|-
to love God and honor women.<br/>
+
| <small>1</small>
Practice knighthood and learn<br/>
+
| Young knight learn<br/>to love God and honor women.
the thing that dignifies you,<br/>
+
|-
and serves you in wars.<br/>
+
| <small>2</small>
Glaive, wrestling,<br/>
+
| Practice knighthood and learn
spear, sword and knife<br/>
+
|-
requires a righteous man’s hands<br/>
+
| <small>3</small>
and contain harm in other’s.<br/>
+
| the thing that dignifies you,<br/>and serves you in wars.
Wrath-Strike, Crook-Strike, Cross-Strike<br/>
+
|-
has Slant-Strike with Parting-Strike</p>
+
| <small>4</small>
 +
| Glaive, wrestling,<br/>spear, sword and knife
 +
|-
 +
| <small>5</small>
 +
| requires a righteous man’s hands<br/>and contain harm in other’s.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>6</small>
 +
| Wrath-Strike, Crook-Strike, Cross-Strike<br/>has Slant-Strike with Parting-Strike
 +
|}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|1|lbl=123v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|1|lbl=123v}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
<p>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|2|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/><br/></p>
 
<p>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|2|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/><br/></p>
  
<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|9|lbl=147v|p=1}}
+
<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|9|lbl=-|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''The War'''</p>
 
| <p>'''The War'''</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Who strikes at you above,<br/>
+
|-
is threatened by Wrath-Strike’s point.<br/>
+
| <small>7</small>
If he becomes aware of it,<br/>
+
| Who strikes at you above,<br/>is threatened by Wrath-Strike’s point.
take it off without danger.<br/>
+
|-
If you are stronger<br/>
+
| <small>8</small>
wind again and thrust. If he sees it, take it down.<br/>
+
| If he becomes aware of it,<br/>take it off without danger.
Draw, what is above from superiority,<br/>
+
|-
such ends the war.<br/>
+
| <small>9</small>
Crook, do not strike short,<br/>
+
| If you are stronger<br/>wind again and thrust. If he sees it, take it down.
the Changer lurks within.<br/>
+
|-
Crook, upwards fast,<br/>
+
| <small>10</small>
throw the point on the hands.<br/>
+
| Draw, what is above from superiority,<br/>such ends the war.
Crook, who judges well,<br/>
+
|-
with steps will hurt many strikes.<br/>
+
| <small>11</small>
Crook, who confuses you,<br/>
+
| Crook, do not strike short,<br/>the Changer lurks within.
the noble war bewilders you.<br/>
+
|-
Cross receives<br/>
+
| <small>12</small>
what comes from the sky above.<br/>
+
| Crook, upwards fast,<br/>throw the point on the hands.
Cross to the point,<br/>
+
|-
take the throat/neck without fear.<br/>
+
| <small>13</small>
Slant in high above,<br/>
+
| Crook, who judges well,<br/>with steps will hurt many strikes.
if you want to impress him.<br/>
+
|-
The parting-strike with his turn,<br/>
+
| <small>14</small>
is a menace to the face.</p>
+
| Crook, who confuses you,<br/>the noble war bewilders you.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>15</small>
 +
| Cross receives<br/>what comes from the sky above.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>16</small>
 +
| Cross to the point,<br/>take the throat/neck without fear.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>17</small>
 +
| Slant in high above,<br/>if you want to impress him.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>18</small>
 +
| The parting-strike with his turn,<br/>is a menace to the face.
 +
|}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
Line 104: Line 131:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Here are the precepts'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Here are the precepts'''</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Do you startle easily<br/>
+
|-
you will never learn to fight.<br/>
+
| <small>19</small>
Inbetween, Before and After,<br/>
+
| Do you startle easily<br/>you will never learn to fight.
those two things are all things origin.<br/>
+
|-
Inbetween, Before and After<br/>
+
| <small>20</small>
without rush do not be after the War.<br/>
+
| <br/>
What the War intends above,<br/>
+
|-
below he will be embarrassed.<br/>
+
| <small>21</small>
Hear what is bad,<br/>
+
| Inbetween, Before and After,<br/>those two things are all things origin.
do not fence left if you are a righty,<br/>
+
|-
and as a lefty with the right,<br/>
+
| <small>22</small>
listen you will limp.<br/>
+
| Inbetween, Before and After<br/>without rush do not be after the War.
I say truly,<br/>
+
|-
no man will guard himself without danger.<br/>
+
| <small>23</small>
If you remarked it,<br/>
+
| What the War intends above,<br/>below he will be embarrassed.
he will not come to any strikes.</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>24</small>
 +
| Hear what is bad,<br/>do not fence left if you are a righty,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>25</small>
 +
| and as a lefty with the right,<br/>listen you will limp.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>26</small>
 +
| I say truly,<br/>no man will guard himself without danger.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>27</small>
 +
| If you remarked it,<br/>he will not come to any strikes.
 +
|}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
Line 128: Line 167:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Of the Hangings'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Of the Hangings'''</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Two hang down&mdash;<br/>
+
|-
of both hands&mdash;up from the earth.<br/>
+
| <small>28</small>
Who withdraws before you,<br/>
+
| Two hang down&mdash;<br/>of both hands&mdash;up from the earth.
strike quickly so that he snorts.<br/>
+
|-
Strike to the {sides|flutes}<br/>
+
| <small>29</small>
if you want to play a trick on the master.<br/>
+
| Who withdraws before you,<br/>strike quickly so that he snorts.
Strike to the Plough,<br/>
+
|-
join firmly to the Ox.<br/>
+
| <small>30</small>
Who follows the strikes,<br/>
+
| Strike to the {sides|flutes}<br/>if you want to play a trick on the master.
cannot have joy in the art.<br/>
+
|-
Strike what you want,<br/>
+
| <small>31</small>
no Changer will reach your shield.<br/>
+
| Strike to the Plough,<br/>join firmly to the Ox.
Four are the Displacements,<br/>
+
|-
which hurts the Guards sore.<br/>
+
| <small>32</small>
Set on the four Ends,<br/>
+
| Who follows the strikes,<br/>cannot have joy in the art.
stay on it if you want to end.<br/>
+
|-
Of displacing beware,<br/>
+
| <small>33</small>
if it happens,<br/>
+
| Strike what you want,<br/>no Changer will reach your shield.
it will troubles you much.<br/>
+
|-
If it happens, how it happens,<br/>
+
| <small>34</small>
hear what I advise,<br/>
+
| <br/><br/>
sweep off, quick, strike with a step.</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>35</small>
 +
| <br/><br/>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>36</small>
 +
| Four are the Displacements,<br/>which hurts the Guards sore.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>37</small>
 +
| Set on the four Ends,<br/>stay on it if you want to end.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>38</small>
 +
| Of displacing beware,<br/>if it happens,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>39</small>
 +
| it will troubles you much.<br/>If it happens, how it happens,
 +
|-
 +
| <small>40</small>
 +
| hear what I advise,<br/>sweep off, quick, strike with a step.
 +
|}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|4|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|5|lbl=148r|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|8|lbl=148r|p=1}}<br/><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|7|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|5|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|6|lbl=147v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|4|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|5|lbl=148r|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|8|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|7|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
<p>Thereafter-Riding learn,<br/>
+
{| class="zettel"
step forward and cut into the weapon/defense.<br/>
+
|-
Speaking-Window do,<br/>
+
| <small>41</small>
stand steady, observe his doing,<br/>
+
| Thereafter-Riding learn,<br/>step forward and cut into the weapon/defense.
without any danger,<br/>
+
|-
how much remorse he bears.<br/>
+
| <small>42</small>
In all Winding<br/>
+
| Speaking-Window do,<br/>stand steady, observe his doing,
strikes, thrusts, and cuts learn to find.<br/>
+
|-
That is to remark above,<br/>
+
| <small>43</small>
if the guards are soft or hard.<br/>
+
| without any danger,<br/>how much remorse he bears.
Jerk/redraw, if he jerks, jerk more&mdash;<br/>
+
|-
work he will find, the step into.<br/>
+
| <small>44</small>
Change two times,<br/>
+
| In all Winding<br/>strikes, thrusts, and cuts learn to find.
the old cut do with it.<br/>
+
|-
Who wields the Miss from below,<br/>
+
| <small>45</small>
will hit wherever he wants.<br/>
+
| That is to remark above,<br/>if the guards are soft or hard.
Two times forward,<br/>
+
|-
step into your guard and do not be lazy.<br/>
+
| <small>46</small>
If it comes that it glistens above,<br/>
+
| Jerk/redraw, if he jerks, jerk more&mdash;<br/>work he will find, the step into.
I happily praise stand-off.<br/>
+
|-
Who thrusts at you,<br/>
+
| <small>47</small>
his point with the defense meet and break.<br/>
+
| <br/><br/>
I you want to avenge yourself,<br/>
+
|-
four openings break artfully:<br/>
+
| <small>48</small>
above double,<br/>
+
| Change two times,<br/>the old cut do with it.
below mutate.<br/>
+
|-
If you know (to use) the four openings,<br/>
+
| <small>49</small>
you beat him for sure.<br/>
+
| Who wields the Miss from below,<br/>will hit wherever he wants.
Let the point hang low,<br/>
+
|-
grab the pommel, if you want to wrestle.<br/>
+
| <small>50</small>
Four are the cuts,<br/>
+
| Two times forward,<br/>step into your guard and do not be lazy.
two below and with them two above.</p>
+
|-
 +
| <small>51</small>
 +
| If it comes that it glistens above,<br/>I happily praise stand-off.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>52</small>
 +
| Who thrusts at you,<br/>his point with the defense meet and break.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>53</small>
 +
| I you want to avenge yourself,<br/>four openings break artfully:
 +
|-
 +
| <small>54</small>
 +
| above double,<br/>below mutate.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>55</small>
 +
| If you know (to use) the four openings,<br/>you beat him for sure.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>56</small>
 +
| Let the point hang low,<br/>grab the pommel, if you want to wrestle.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>57</small>
 +
| Four are the cuts,<br/>two below and with them two above.
 +
|}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS G.B.f.18.a 123v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
<br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|8|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|7|lbl=148r|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|3|lbl=148r|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|6|lbl=148r|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|4|lbl=148r|p=1}}
+
<br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 147v.jpg|8|lbl=147v|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|7|lbl=148r|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Q566 148r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  

Revision as of 23:48, 24 July 2017

Moda Dimicandi
Method of Fighting
Ascribed to H. Beringer
Illustrated by Unknown
Genre
Language
Archetype(s) MS G.B.f.18.a (1418-28)
Manuscript(s) MS Q.566 (1479)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Deutsch-Übersetzung

Magister H. Beringer was a 15th century writer credited with authoring a poem on fencing with some connection to the Recital of Johannes Liechtenauer. It is first recorded in the MS G.B.f.18.a (ca. 1418-28), and thus predates all records of Liechtenauer's teachings. The opening of the verse includes a blessing indicating that Beringer was deceased at the time of writing.

The extreme difference in the order of verses between Beringer and Liechtenauer, along with the fact that Beringer's text includes only half[1] of one section of Liechtenauer's, makes a direct transmission from one master to the other seem unlikely. It may be that both men were heritors of an older oral tradition in which the exact sequence of verses was not set, or it may be that Beringer's verse represents just one of the teachings that Liechtenauer received and compiled over the course of the journeys described in MS 3227a.[2]

Beringer's verse was recapitulated by Hans Folz in the MS Q.566 (1479), but in an unattributed and garbled form indicates he did not copy from the MS G.B.f.18.a.

Treatise

In the presentation below, Hans Folz' verses have been rearranged to match the sequence given by Beringer. The verses that are not found in Beringer have been inserted based on their positions in Liechtenauer's verse.

Additional Resources

References

  1. 112 of the 218 lines.
  2. See MS 3227a, fol. 13v. "There is just one art of the sword, and... Master Liechtenauer internalized and applied it quite completely and correctly—not that he discovered and conceived it himself, but rather, he traveled through many lands and sought the legitimate and truthful art for the sake of experiencing and knowing it."
  3. Difficult to read, could also be jn.
  4. Hard to read because the word is crossed out.
  5. Word illegible.