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Difference between revisions of "Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo"

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In ''Memorial Da Prattica do Montante'', the text is arranged in two columns with the ''regras simplez'' (simple rules) and ''regras compostas'' (compound rules) placed side by side. Unfortunately, Wiktenauer's format can't accommodate this layout, so each compound rule instead follows immediately after its simple counterpart.
 
In ''Memorial Da Prattica do Montante'', the text is arranged in two columns with the ''regras simplez'' (simple rules) and ''regras compostas'' (compound rules) placed side by side. Unfortunately, Wiktenauer's format can't accommodate this layout, so each compound rule instead follows immediately after its simple counterpart.
  
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{{master begin
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| '''II [Composed]'''
 
| '''II [Composed]'''
You will raise the ''montante'' with the point forward in front of the right ear, with the left foot forward. Then you will move the right foot forward, and at the same time you will give a ''talho'' forward, bringing the ''montante'' high in front of the face in order to pass it over the head and behind the shoulders, such that it falls over the left arm to give a circling ''revez'', and then a ''talho'' in a manner that you return the ''montante'' to its position high in front of the face. And from there, first moving the left foot forward, you will give a ''revez'' forward, ending with the ''montante'' high with the point forward, and passing it over head you will give a circling ''talho'' and a ''revez'', returning the ''montante'' to the position in which you began the rule, which you will undo in the following manner: You will first remove the left foot and give a ''talho'' forward, ending with the ''montante'' point forward in front of the face, and then a ''talho'',{{ref|1|1}} and a circling ''revez'',{{ref|1|1}} and ending with the ''montante'' in the same place. Then you will remove the right foot backward with a ''revez'' forward that will stop with the ''montante'' high, and then a ''talho'' and a circling ''revez'', replacing the ''montante'' how it started the rule.
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You will raise the ''montante'' with the point forward in front of the right ear, with the left foot forward. Then you will move the right foot forward, and at the same time you will give a ''talho'' forward, bringing the ''montante'' high in front of the face in order to pass it over the head and behind the shoulders, such that it falls over the left arm to give a circling ''revez'', and then a ''talho'' in a manner that you return the ''montante'' to its position high in front of the face. And from there, first moving the left foot forward, you will give a ''revez'' forward, ending with the ''montante'' high with the point forward, and passing it over head you will give a circling ''talho'' and a ''revez'', returning the ''montante'' to the position in which you began the rule, which you will undo in the following manner: You will first remove the left foot and give a ''talho'' forward, ending with the ''montante'' point forward in front of the face, and then a ''talho'',<ref name="talho">This is the order of the original, but they are likely transposed, and should be ''revez'' and ''talho'' instead.</ref> and a circling ''revez'',<ref name="talho"/> and ending with the ''montante'' in the same place. Then you will remove the right foot backward with a ''revez'' forward that will stop with the ''montante'' high, and then a ''talho'' and a circling ''revez'', replacing the ''montante'' how it started the rule.
 
| '''II'''
 
| '''II'''
 
Levantarseha o Montante com a ponta para diante defronte da orelha direyta com o pé esquerdo diante; e logo se meterá diante o pé direyto, e no mesmo tempo se dará hũ talho por diante trazendo a situar o Montante alto de fronte do rosto para o passar por sima da cabeça as espaldas de sorte que caya sobre o braço esquerdo para dar hũ revez cingido, e logo hũ talho de maneyra que se torne a situar o montante alto defronte do rosto, e dali, metendo primeyro diante o pé esquerdo, se dará hũ revez por diante situando o montante alto com a ponta para diante, e passandoo por sima da cabeça se dará hũ talho cingido e hũ revez tornando a situar o montante como se começou a regra, que se desfará na maneyra seguinte: tirarseha primeyro o pé esquerdo e se dará hũ talho por diante, a situar o Montante com a ponta para diante defronte do rosto, e logo hũ talho, e hũ revez cingido, e tornar a situar o montante na mesma parte, e logo se tirará o pé direyto para tras com hũ revez por diante que parará situando o montante alto, e logo hũ talho e hũ revez cingido, tornando a por o montante como se começou a regra.
 
Levantarseha o Montante com a ponta para diante defronte da orelha direyta com o pé esquerdo diante; e logo se meterá diante o pé direyto, e no mesmo tempo se dará hũ talho por diante trazendo a situar o Montante alto de fronte do rosto para o passar por sima da cabeça as espaldas de sorte que caya sobre o braço esquerdo para dar hũ revez cingido, e logo hũ talho de maneyra que se torne a situar o montante alto defronte do rosto, e dali, metendo primeyro diante o pé esquerdo, se dará hũ revez por diante situando o montante alto com a ponta para diante, e passandoo por sima da cabeça se dará hũ talho cingido e hũ revez tornando a situar o montante como se começou a regra, que se desfará na maneyra seguinte: tirarseha primeyro o pé esquerdo e se dará hũ talho por diante, a situar o Montante com a ponta para diante defronte do rosto, e logo hũ talho, e hũ revez cingido, e tornar a situar o montante na mesma parte, e logo se tirará o pé direyto para tras com hũ revez por diante que parará situando o montante alto, e logo hũ talho e hũ revez cingido, tornando a por o montante como se começou a regra.
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| E que das estocadas que se armão sobre o braço dereyto podem tambem nacer as que se armão no hombro dereyto, e nacer os revezes metendo o pé esquerdo ou os talhos tirando o. E das estocadas que se armão sobre o braço esquerdo podem nacer as que se armão sobre o braço dereyto, ou os talhos metendo o pé dereyto, ou os mesmos talhos tirando o pé esquerdo, e tambem nacer os revezes de bayxo para sima tirando o mesmo pé esquerdo. E que ultimamente do talhos nacem outros talhos, e dos revezes outros revezes, e destes, talhos; e dos talhos, revezes; tudo isto ajudado dos compaços dos pés, para não fazer novidade o entrar de hũas regras em outras quando importe, procreandosse do fim de qualquer, ou seja simples, ou composta aquella que se quizer proseguir. E com estas advertencias que se devem ter na memoria, de todas estas trinta e duas regras se pode tecer huã que seja geral para exame de perfeyçaõ de tam excellente, ayrosa, e superior arma como he o Montante.
 
| E que das estocadas que se armão sobre o braço dereyto podem tambem nacer as que se armão no hombro dereyto, e nacer os revezes metendo o pé esquerdo ou os talhos tirando o. E das estocadas que se armão sobre o braço esquerdo podem nacer as que se armão sobre o braço dereyto, ou os talhos metendo o pé dereyto, ou os mesmos talhos tirando o pé esquerdo, e tambem nacer os revezes de bayxo para sima tirando o mesmo pé esquerdo. E que ultimamente do talhos nacem outros talhos, e dos revezes outros revezes, e destes, talhos; e dos talhos, revezes; tudo isto ajudado dos compaços dos pés, para não fazer novidade o entrar de hũas regras em outras quando importe, procreandosse do fim de qualquer, ou seja simples, ou composta aquella que se quizer proseguir. E com estas advertencias que se devem ter na memoria, de todas estas trinta e duas regras se pode tecer huã que seja geral para exame de perfeyçaõ de tam excellente, ayrosa, e superior arma como he o Montante.
  
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| {{note|1}}1. This is the order of the original, but they ar likely transposed, and should be ''revez'' and ''talho'' instead.
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For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the [[Talk:{{PAGENAME}}|discussion page]].
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| work        = Translation
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| authors    = [[Eric Myers]] and [[Steve Hick]]
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| source link = http://oakeshott.org/Figueiredo_Montante_Translation_Myers_and_Hick_v2.pdf
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| source title= The Oakeshott Institute
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| work        = Transcription
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| authors    = [[Eric Myers]] and [[Steve Hick]]
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| source link = http://oakeshott.org/Figueiredo_Montante_Translation_Myers_and_Hick_v2.pdf
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| source title= The Oakeshott Institute
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'''Additional Translation Notes:''' Users may, without further permission, display, save, and print this work for personal, non commercial use, provided that the copyright notice is not severed from the work. Libraries may store this material and non commercially redistribute it to their patrons in electronic or printed form for personal, non commercial use, provided that the copyright notice is not severed from the work.<section end="sourcebox"/>
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
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{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Figueyredo, Diogo Gomes de}}
 
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{{early Iberian masters}}
 
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[[Category:Masters]]
 
[[Category:Masters]]

Revision as of 02:30, 5 November 2014

Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo
Born ca. 1600
Died 30 September 1685
Relative(s)
  • João Gomes Quaresma (father)
  • Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo (son)
Occupation
Patron Prince Theodoszio
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Portugese
Notable work(s)
  • Oplosophia e Verdadeira Destreza das Armas (1628)
  • Memorial Da Prattica do Montante (1651)
Manuscript(s)

Dom Diogo Gomes de Figueyredo (d. 1685) was a 17th century Portugese soldier, diplomat, and fencing master. Little is known about his early life, but it seems likely that he studied fencing from a young age. He notes in his first treatise that he studied under a Diestro named Gonçalo Barbosa. His military career started in 1626, when he embarked from Lisbon with the royal armada and shipwrecked in Gascony. Figueyredo continued in the military through the Portuguese War of Restoration (1640 - 1665). He commanded in at least three of the five major battles in that war, and was credited for the victories at Montijo and Linhas de Elvas; he was also involved in many of the smaller encounters in the war, including the defense of the town of Almeida. Figueyredo also served the crown as master at arms, including instructing the young Prince Theodoszio in fencing.[1]

Aside from his martial pursuits, Figueyredo was a renowned writer and poet. In Templo da Memoria, Manuel do Galhegos applauds him as such to celebrate the Dukes of Bragança. Barbosa Machado cites one ode that comes from Memorias Funebres dedicated to D. Maria de Athaide and a song in Panegyrico which pays tribute to the death of Field Marshall André de Albuquerque.[1]

Perhaps it is no surprise, then, that Figueyredo is the author of at least two fencing manuals. He composed the first in 1628, titled Oplosophia e Verdadeira Destreza das Armas ("Philosophy and the True Skill of Arms", MS Vermelho.nº.91). This is a rapier text following the Carrancista tradition of la Verdadera Destreza. His second treatise, written in 1653, was Memorial Da Prattica do Montante ("Memorial of the Practice of the Montante", MS 49.III.20.nº.21). In contrast to his earlier work, this treatise focuses on the montante (greatsword), a weapon that was the centerpiece of the older esgrima antigua ("ancient fencing") tradition which the Destreza supplanted. This abandonment of the new Spanish art in favor of traditional Iberian fencing is thought to be symbolic of Figueyredo's loyalty to the cause of Portuguese independence.[1]

Figueyredo's activities after the war are unknown; ultimately, he died on 30 September 1685 and was buried in the convent at Trinidade.

Treatise

In Memorial Da Prattica do Montante, the text is arranged in two columns with the regras simplez (simple rules) and regras compostas (compound rules) placed side by side. Unfortunately, Wiktenauer's format can't accommodate this layout, so each compound rule instead follows immediately after its simple counterpart.

Additional Resources

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Myers, Eric, and Hick, Steve. Memorial of the Practice of the Montante. The Oakeshott Institute, 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  2. 2.0 2.1 This is the order of the original, but they are likely transposed, and should be revez and talho instead.