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Difference between revisions of "Antonius Rast"

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| notableworks        =  
 
| notableworks        =  
 
| archetype            = Currently lost (1540s)
 
| archetype            = Currently lost (1540s)
| manuscript(s)        = {{collapsible list
+
| manuscript(s)        = {{plainlist
 
  | [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82]] (1553)
 
  | [[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82]] (1553)
 
  | [[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)|MS KK5247]] (ca. 1600)
 
  | [[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)|MS KK5247]] (ca. 1600)
 
  | [[Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º]] (ca. 1600)
 
  | [[Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º]] (ca. 1600)
| [[Unterschiedliche die Dressur und Aufzäumung der Pferde erläuternde Zeichnungen (Cod.Guelf.79.2 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.79.2 Aug.2º]] (ca. 1600)
 
 
  | [[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS 23.279)|MS 23.279]] (1838)
 
  | [[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS 23.279)|MS 23.279]] (1838)
 
 
}}
 
}}
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
 
| principal manuscript(s)=
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{| class="master"
 
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>Images<br/></p>
+
! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
+
! <p>{{rating|c|Draft Translation}}<br/>by [[Stephen Cheney]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 057r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 057r.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If someone stands against you in the short sword with armed hand and goes upon you, lay your sword upon your knee. If he then stabs you towards the face, then rise with your sword, and wind under him, as is pictured there, and don’t let him come to any work.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|057r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|057r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 057v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 057v.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: Someone has stabbed towards your face as before, wind up with armed hand under his sword, and go indes, and wind your pommel over his left arm, as is pictured there, so you break his sword out of the hands.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>''The pommel is inwards in the inner elbow.''</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|057v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|057v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 058r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 058r.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If you stab someone above into the face, and he winds up under your sword, then grip nimbly to his blade with your left hand, and stab him with the sword to the face, as is pictured there.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|058r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|058r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 058v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 058v.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: Take your sword with armed hand, and do as if you want to stab him to the face, and invert the sword, and strike him to the top of the head. If he parries the strike in his blade, pull his sword to yourself with the cross, and bash him in the [unreadable word] with the pommel, as is pictured there.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|058v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|058v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 059r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 059r.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If someone falls to your sword blade and you to him in his, if you then want to free your sword, wind his sword up with your left hand a little bit over your sword, and bash him to his hand with it, and pull your sword to yourself, as is pictured there, so he must release.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|059r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|059r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 059v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 059v.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: Someone wants to wind over with your sword as such like before, catch with your sword, and lay the handle at the neck, and step behind him, as is pictured there, so you may throw him, and throw him on the back.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|059v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|059v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 060r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 060r.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: Another play: If both swords are caught, wind your sword up with your right hand, and throw your pommel into his face, and grip him in front onto his right hand, and wind the sword out of the hand, as is pictured there.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|060r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|060r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 060v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 060v.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If someone wants to throw the pommel into your face as such, then follow up with your left hand, and go firmly indes, as is pictured there, so he may come to no work.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|060v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|060v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 061r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 061r.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If both swords are caught, wind up with your right hand over the head, and turn yourself around, and loop the sword through, and then pull your sword to yourself, then you will be free. If you want to counter that, as soon as he loops through, pull to yourself, as is pictured there, so he falls on the back.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|061r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|061r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 061v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 061v.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If someone stabs you above down with armed hand to the face, stab below up inwards into his glove, into the opening, and lead him away as such, so you will be able to stab or strike him in the face with your sword, as is pictured there.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|061v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|061v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 062r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 062r.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If someone runs upon you with large strikes, parry one or two, and suddenly fall through his foot with your sword, and lay yourself upon the pommel, and drive through, until he bleeds to death. If you want to ward it, see if you may win below his armpit or his face, as is pictured there.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|062r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|062r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 062v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 062v.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If someone runs upon and wants to strike down with violence, parry the strike with the sword, and set your left hand on his elbow, and move out with your pommel through the leg, and throw him over back, as is pictured there.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|062v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|062v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 063r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 063r.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If someone runs upon you with a blow, and wants to run to your face or onto your chest, set the blow aside with your sword, and go indes, and bash his sword away with your right [abichen] hand, and move with the arm around his neck, and step with your right foot behind him, as is pictured there, so you throw him on the back.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|063r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|063r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 063v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 063v.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: If someone runs in, and wants to bash you on the head with the pommel, and force you above, then release your sword, and run through his right armpit with your head, and set your right foot behind his left, and force him over it with your head, as is pictured there.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|063v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|063v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 064r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 064r.jpg|300px|center]]
|  
+
| <p>Item: An underhold: If you have thrown him or made him fall, then turn him around onto his face, and step with your left foot on his left arm, and lay his fist in front of the shin, and hold him, and release the harness, as is pictured there.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|064r|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|064r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| class="noline" | [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 064v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| class="noline" | [[File:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 064v.jpg|300px|center]]
| class="noline" |  
+
| class="noline" | <p>Item: If you have made someone fall under, and want to distress him without a weapon, lay yourself athwart onto him, and lock his left arm below around him by the visor, and pull it up, as is pictured there, so he must surrender.</p>
 
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|064v|jpg}}
 
| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|064v|jpg}}
  
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{| class="master"
 
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>Images<br/></p>
+
! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Betsy Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Betsy Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
 
  | title = Mounted Fencing
 
  | title = Mounted Fencing
  | width = 210em
+
  | width = 180em
 
}}
 
}}
 
{| class="master"
 
{| class="master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>Images<br/></p>
+
! <p>Illustrations<br/></p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
 
! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
 
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)|Augsburg Version]] (1553){{edit index|Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)}}<br/>by [[Werner Ueberschär]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)|Vienna Transcription]] (ca. 1600){{edit index|Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)|Vienna Transcription]] (ca. 1600){{edit index|Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>[[Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel I Transcription]] (ca. 1600){{edit index|Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
+
! <p>[[Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel Transcription]] (ca. 1600){{edit index|Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
! <p>[[Unterschiedliche die Dressur und Aufzäumung der Pferde erläuternde Zeichnungen (Cod.Guelf.79.2 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel II Transcription]] (ca. 1600){{edit index|Unterschiedliche die Dressur und Aufzäumung der Pferde erläuternde Zeichnungen (Cod.Guelf.79.2 Aug.2º)}}</p>
 
 
! <p>[[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS 23.279)|New York Transcription]] (1838){{edit index|Reit und Turnierbuch (MS 23.279)}}<br/></p>
 
! <p>[[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS 23.279)|New York Transcription]] (1838){{edit index|Reit und Turnierbuch (MS 23.279)}}<br/></p>
  
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| {{paget|Page:Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82|069r|jpg}}
 
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| <p>''[This illustration is present on [[Page:KK5247 189v.jpg|folia 189v-190r]], but the text is that of the equivalent play in [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter]].]''</p>
 
| <p>''[This illustration is present on [[Page:KK5247 189v.jpg|folia 189v-190r]], but the text is that of the equivalent play in [[Jörg Wilhalm Hutter]].]''</p>
 
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<section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
 
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{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
  | work        = Images
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  | work        = Illustrations
 
  | authors    = [[Stadtarchiv Augsburg]]
 
  | authors    = [[Stadtarchiv Augsburg]]
 
  | source link = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reichsstadt_%22Sch%C3%A4tze%22_Nr._82
 
  | source link = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reichsstadt_%22Sch%C3%A4tze%22_Nr._82
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  | source title= [[Index:Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82)]]
 
  | license    = noncommercial
 
  | license    = noncommercial
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}}
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = [[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)|Vienna Version]]
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| authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
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| source link =
 +
| source title= [[Index:Reit und Turnierbuch (MS KK5247)]]
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| license    =
 +
}}
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{{sourcebox
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| work        = [[Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel Version]]
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| authors    = [[Michael Chidester]]
 +
| source link =
 +
| source title= [[Index:Confectbuch von Abrichtung vollständiges Turnierbuch (Cod.Guelf.1.6.3 Aug.2º)]]
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| license    =
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}}
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| work        = [[Reit und Turnierbuch (MS 23.279)|New York Version]]
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| authors    =
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| source title= [[Index:Reit und Turnierbuch (MS 23.279)]]
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}}
 
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{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>
 
{{sourcebox footer}}<section end="sourcebox"/>

Revision as of 00:52, 21 July 2021

Antonius Rast
Born ca. 1470s
Nuremberg, Germany (?)
Died 1549
Augsburg, Germany (?)
Occupation
Movement Marxbrüder
Influences
Influenced Paulus Hector Mair
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Currently lost (1540s)
Manuscript(s)

Antonius Rast (ca. 1470s - 1549) was a 16th century German fencing master and Captain of the Marxbrüder fencing guild from 1522 to 1523. Paulus Hector Mair is the primary source of information about his life, noting that Rast was a professional sword polisher as well as a certified 'Master of the Long Sword'. He began work on a fencing manual later in his life, but didn't complete it before his death in 1549; Mair purchased the manuscript in 1552 and created a completed version in 1553.

Other than Mair's notes, there are no certain records of Rast's life. The chronicle of the Marxbrüder guild found in the Codex I.6.2º.5 mentions that an 'Anthoni Resch' was made Captain in 1522, and includes an 'Anthoni Rasch' in a list of Masters of the Long Sword in 1534. Both of these are presumed to be references to Rast, as they correspond well with Mair's account and texts from this time period have frequent misspellings, but this is by no means certain.

Rast's writings are consistent with the complex of manuals known as the Nuremberg Group, but since Paulus Hector Mair had access to the Codex Wallerstein when finishing Rast's treatise, it's difficult to make any statements about the nature of Rast's own teachings.

Treatise

The version of Rast's writings prepared by Mair includes sections on armored foot combat, unarmored staff fencing, and mounted combat, none of which appear in earlier sources and which may have been composed by Rast himself. However, a version of the mounted fencing material is included in the 1590s manuscripts of Jeremias Schemel von Augsburg, intermingled with those of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter; Schemel's manuscripts omit one of Rast's plays (and the Vienna offers Wilhalm's version of a second one), but include captions for the devices on ff 78v-80r which are uncaptioned in Rast. Furthermore, several of them were reproduced in the German translation of Federico Grison's treatise on horsemanship printed in Augsburg in 1570. This may indicate that Rast was drawing on an earlier, unknown source for the mounted material, or even for all three of these sections.

That said, until such a source can be identified, all of the known versions will be compiled on this page.

Additional Resources

References

  1. Zwischen der Abbildung der Kämpfer ist hier ein Text eingefügt, auf Vorlage schwer lesbar, von anderer Hand.
  2. „von stangen varn“ würde hier eigentlich mehr Sinn ergeben. Gegen ein „u“ spricht der fehlende Umlaut. „nn“ würde aber keinen Sinn ergeben. Die letzte Silbe könnte auch ein „er“ sein.
  3. Man könnte fast meinen, der Schreiber verliert langsam die Lust ;-)
  4. Vermutl. hat hier der Schreiber das „e“ vergessen.