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| imageleft          = File:MS BPL.3281 IIIv.jpg
 
| imageleft          = File:MS BPL.3281 IIIv.jpg
 
| imageright        = File:MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg
 
| imageright        = File:MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg
| width              = x155px
+
| width              = x200px
 
| caption            = Folio 1r
 
| caption            = Folio 1r
 
<!----------General---------->
 
<!----------General---------->
| Index number      = [[WI::]]
+
| Hagedorn's catalog = [[HS::V]]
| Wierschin's catalog= [[WC::]]
+
| Wierschin's catalog= —
| Hils' catalog      = [[HK::]]
+
| Hils' catalog      = —
| Beck catalog      = [[BC::]]
+
| Beck catalog      = —
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Also known as      =  
 
| Type              = [[type::Fencing manual]]
 
| Type              = [[type::Fencing manual]]
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<!----------Form and content---------->
 
<!----------Form and content---------->
 
| Material          = Paper, with a modern binding
 
| Material          = Paper, with a modern binding
| Size              = 16 [[folia]] (190 mm x 150 mm)
+
| Size              = 16 [[folia]] (150 mm × 190 mm)
 
| Format            = Single-sided; one illustration per page, <br/>with text below
 
| Format            = Single-sided; one illustration per page, <br/>with text below
 
| Condition          =  
 
| Condition          =  
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| below              =  
 
| below              =  
 
}}
 
}}
The '''MS BPL 3281''' is a fragmentary 16th century [[nationality::Belgian]] [[fencing manual]] created in the 1520s.<ref>According to the [https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867 library catalog entry].</ref> It resides in the holdings of the [[Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden]] in Leiden, Netherlands. The techniques in this manuscript are consistent with those of the [[Nuremberg Group|Nuremberg manuscript complex]] and the art style matches part A of the [[Codex Wallerstein (Cod.I.6.4°.2)|Codex Wallerstein]] (the earliest member of that complex), but its relationship to this tradition remains uncertain.
+
The '''MS BPL 3281''' is a fragmentary 16th century [[nationality::Belgian]] [[fencing manual]] created in the 1520s.<ref>According to the [https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867 library catalog entry].</ref> It resides in the holdings of the [[Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden]] in Leiden, Netherlands. The techniques in this manuscript are consistent with those of the [[Augsburg Group|Augsburg manuscript complex]] and the art style matches part A of the [[Bauman Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.4°.2)|Bauman Fechtbuch]] (the earliest member of that complex), but its relationship to this tradition remains uncertain.
  
 
== Provenance ==
 
== Provenance ==
Line 54: Line 54:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
! [[Nuremberg Group|1r&nbsp;-&nbsp;16r]]
+
! [[Augsburg Group|1r&nbsp;-&nbsp;16r]]
 
| {{treatise begin
 
| {{treatise begin
 
   | title = Anonymous dagger treatise
 
   | title = Anonymous dagger treatise
   | width = 84em
+
   | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
{| class="floated treatisecontent"
+
{| class="treatisecontent"
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
Line 68: Line 68:
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you below the arm, then place your right hand crosswise over your left, step in with the right and follow after with the left, and step in once more and in this way throw him against the ground, or thrust your hand through deep to over his elbow and thrust his head between your legs and clap on his [right] and thrust in one [go].</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you below the arm, then place your right hand crosswise over your left, step in with the right and follow after with the left, and step in once more and in this way throw him against the ground, or thrust your hand through deep to over his elbow and thrust his head between your legs and clap on his [right] and thrust in one [go].</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|01r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|01r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 02r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 02r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below then place your hands one over the other your right hand on top so that your one thumb is not in<ref>It is unclear what “niet en” means here. It could imply that the thumb is “not in”, or that it is “not one”, i.e. not alone–supported by the other hand.</ref> and step around with the right leg and throw his arm on your shoulder and take his dagger, or strike him in the neck and twist around strongly one or two turns.</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below then place your hands one over the other your right hand on top so that your one thumb is not in<ref>It is unclear what “niet en” means here. It could imply that the thumb is “not in”, or that it is “not one”, i.e. not alone–supported by the other hand.</ref> and step around with the right leg and throw his arm on your shoulder and take his dagger, or strike him in the neck and twist around strongly one or two turns.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|02r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|02r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 03r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 03r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw your dagger against his thrust and throw it far from you, or take it from him with your left hand and then you have both daggers.</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw your dagger against his thrust and throw it far from you, or take it from him with your left hand and then you have both daggers.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|03r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|03r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 04v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 04v.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and then pull him down strongly. The counter to that, then take his dagger with your [pommel]<ref>A literal translation of “cruine” would be “crown”.</ref> and pull it around or grab him by his elbow and push it around into his belly.</p>
 
| <p>The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and then pull him down strongly. The counter to that, then take his dagger with your [pommel]<ref>A literal translation of “cruine” would be “crown”.</ref> and pull it around or grab him by his elbow and push it around into his belly.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|04v|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|04v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 05r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 05r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabs you by your clothing, then grab his fist. Take his dagger with your right hand and with your left at his elbow push strongly from you and twist around doubly and so you are [released from] him and have his dagger.</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabs you by your clothing, then grab his fist. Take his dagger with your right hand and with your left at his elbow push strongly from you and twist around doubly and so you are [released from] him and have his dagger.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|05r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|05r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 06r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 06r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below you will take your dagger in both your hands and throw your dagger in front of him and let him thrust against it and then grab his thumb captured named the prison.</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below you will take your dagger in both your hands and throw your dagger in front of him and let him thrust against it and then grab his thumb captured named the prison.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|06r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|06r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 07r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 07r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook, thus you will pull it from his hand and place your thumb on top of the dagger on the pommel and hook<ref name="unhook">A more literal translation would be “unhook”.</ref> it, but you must set your right foot around and hook him and fall with your left hand on his right arm and push it [all] further down.</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook, thus you will pull it from his hand and place your thumb on top of the dagger on the pommel and hook<ref name="unhook">A more literal translation would be “unhook”.</ref> it, but you must set your right foot around and hook him and fall with your left hand on his right arm and push it [all] further down.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|07r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|07r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 08r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 08r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone strikes at you or thrusts at you from above then take his hand with which he thrusts or strikes from below his dagger with your left hand and with your right hand thrust between his legs and strongly pull down his hand in which he has the dagger and so throw him on your shoulders and go with the snare.<ref>The meaning of the Dutch word “striken” is unclear in this context. Here, it is interpreted as “strikken”; “snares”.</ref></p>
 
| <p>If someone strikes at you or thrusts at you from above then take his hand with which he thrusts or strikes from below his dagger with your left hand and with your right hand thrust between his legs and strongly pull down his hand in which he has the dagger and so throw him on your shoulders and go with the snare.<ref>The meaning of the Dutch word “striken” is unclear in this context. Here, it is interpreted as “strikken”; “snares”.</ref></p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|08r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|08r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 09r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 09r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above, you will step from him with your right foot and grab at his right arm with your left hand your four fingers above and your thumb below, your elbow in his side and then grab him under his right leg below his knee and lift his leg up and so he must fall by force.</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above, you will step from him with your right foot and grab at his right arm with your left hand your four fingers above and your thumb below, your elbow in his side and then grab him under his right leg below his knee and lift his leg up and so he must fall by force.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|09r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|09r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 10r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 10r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw him your dagger against his thrust and strike it out of his hand. Let your one hand go over his and take it from him in two manners.</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from below, then throw him your dagger against his thrust and strike it out of his hand. Let your one hand go over his and take it from him in two manners.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|10r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|10r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 11r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 11r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If it were that someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook then place your thumb above on the pommel of your dagger and turn around backwards and hook<ref name="unhook"/> it. Twist one or two turns around and throw his dagger out of his hand.</p>
 
| <p>If it were that someone thrusts at you from above, named the hook then place your thumb above on the pommel of your dagger and turn around backwards and hook<ref name="unhook"/> it. Twist one or two turns around and throw his dagger out of his hand.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|11r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|11r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 12r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 12r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabbed you by the clothes, then place your hand on his and strike up from below and grab his hand in which he has his dagger, and pull this strongly to you and with the other hand at his elbow and twist around strongly. If he thrusts from below then place your hand on your belly and take it out of his hand just as the crosswise thrust.</p>
 
| <p>If someone thrusts at you from above and he grabbed you by the clothes, then place your hand on his and strike up from below and grab his hand in which he has his dagger, and pull this strongly to you and with the other hand at his elbow and twist around strongly. If he thrusts from below then place your hand on your belly and take it out of his hand just as the crosswise thrust.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|12r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|12r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| <p>The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and pull him down strongly. The counter to that
 
| <p>The crosswise thrust from above you will catch thus and pull him down strongly. The counter to that
 
then take his dagger by<ref>This could be either “by” or “with” depending on the meaning of the word “hechte”. See the following note.</ref> the [binding]<ref>This word is hard to make out in the manuscript. “hechte” could alternatively mean “close”. Possible alternatives for “hechte” are “rechte”, meaning “right” (i.e. with the right hand, though this would be unlikely as the right hand is trapped), or “hoch(t)e”, meaning “high” or “height”. Finally, the hilt could be what is intended.</ref> and push it contrary around in his belly. Also push his elbow contrary around and take his dagger from him so.</p>
 
then take his dagger by<ref>This could be either “by” or “with” depending on the meaning of the word “hechte”. See the following note.</ref> the [binding]<ref>This word is hard to make out in the manuscript. “hechte” could alternatively mean “close”. Possible alternatives for “hechte” are “rechte”, meaning “right” (i.e. with the right hand, though this would be unlikely as the right hand is trapped), or “hoch(t)e”, meaning “high” or “height”. Finally, the hilt could be what is intended.</ref> and push it contrary around in his belly. Also push his elbow contrary around and take his dagger from him so.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|13r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|13r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 14r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 14r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If it were so that someone grabbed you by your hair and thrust at you, then you will first displace his thrust and grab his dagger with which he thrusts and beat his hand which he has in your hair from above downwards.</p>
 
| <p>If it were so that someone grabbed you by your hair and thrust at you, then you will first displace his thrust and grab his dagger with which he thrusts and beat his hand which he has in your hair from above downwards.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|14r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|14r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 15r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 15r.jpg|300px|center]]
 
| <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger and then you have both daggers.</p>
 
| <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger and then you have both daggers.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|15r|jpg}}
+
| {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|15r|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[file:MS BPL.3281 16r.jpg|300px|center]]
+
| class="noline" | [[file:MS BPL.3281 16r.jpg|300px|center]]
| <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger. If with that it were so that they both thrust the needle, then you must observe and displace his thrust and so with the same hand you must take it out of his hand.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>If it were that each had a dagger in hand and grabbed each other by the hair, then he who thrusts first has lost his dagger. If with that it were so that they both thrust the needle, then you must observe and displace his thrust and so with the same hand you must take it out of his hand.</p>
| {{paget2|page:MS BPL.3281|16r|jpg}}
+
| class="noline" | {{paget|page:MS BPL.3281|16r|jpg}}
  
 
|}
 
|}
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== Additional Resources ==
 
== Additional Resources ==
  
 
+
{{bibliography}}
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 226: Line 226:
 
  | source link = https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867
 
  | source link = https://socrates.leidenuniv.nl/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=2977867
 
  | source title= Universiteit Leiden Digital Sources
 
  | source title= Universiteit Leiden Digital Sources
  | license    = permission
+
  | license    = attribution
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Translation
 
  | work        = Translation
  | authors    = [[Reinier van Noort]]
+
  | authors    = [[translator::Reinier van Noort]]
 
  | source link = http://www.bruchius.com/docs/BPL%203281%20by%20RvN.pdf
 
  | source link = http://www.bruchius.com/docs/BPL%203281%20by%20RvN.pdf
 
  | source title= School voor Historische Schermkunsten
 
  | source title= School voor Historische Schermkunsten
Line 237: Line 237:
 
{{sourcebox
 
{{sourcebox
 
  | work        = Transcription
 
  | work        = Transcription
  | authors    = [[Reinier van Noort]]
+
  | authors    = [[transcriber::Reinier van Noort]]
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source link =  
 
  | source title= [[Index:Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)]]
 
  | source title= [[Index:Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)]]
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[[Category:Dagger]]
 
[[Category:Dagger]]
 +
 +
[[Category:New format]]

Latest revision as of 19:46, 27 October 2023

Vechtboek
MS BPL.3281, Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden
Leiden, Netherlands

MS BPL.3281 IIIv.jpg
MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg
Folio 1r
HagedornVLeng
WierschinHils
Type Fencing manual
Date 1520s
Place of origin Belgium (western Netherlands)
Language(s) Middle Dutch
Author(s) Unknown
Illustrator(s) Unknown
Material Paper, with a modern binding
Size 16 folia (150 mm × 190 mm)
Format Single-sided; one illustration per page,
with text below
External data Library catalog entry
Treatise scans Digital scans (2800x3500)

The MS BPL 3281 is a fragmentary 16th century Belgian fencing manual created in the 1520s.[1] It resides in the holdings of the Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden in Leiden, Netherlands. The techniques in this manuscript are consistent with those of the Augsburg manuscript complex and the art style matches part A of the Bauman Fechtbuch (the earliest member of that complex), but its relationship to this tradition remains uncertain.

Provenance

Contents

[Three blank leaves]
1r - 16r
[Three blank leaves]

Gallery

Images hosted on Wiktenauer with permission from the Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden.

Front Cover
MS BPL.3281 Cover 1.jpg
Inside Cover
MS BPL.3281 Cover 2.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 Ir.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 Iv.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 IIr.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 IIv.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 IIIr.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 IIIv.jpg
Folio 1r
MS BPL.3281 01r.jpg
Folio 1v
MS BPL.3281 01v.jpg
Folio 2r
MS BPL.3281 02r.jpg
Folio 2v
MS BPL.3281 02v.jpg
Folio 3r
MS BPL.3281 03r.jpg
Folio 3v
MS BPL.3281 03v.jpg
Folio 4r
MS BPL.3281 04r.jpg
Folio 4v
MS BPL.3281 04v.jpg
Folio 5r
MS BPL.3281 05r.jpg
Folio 5v
MS BPL.3281 05v.jpg
Folio 6r
MS BPL.3281 06r.jpg
Folio 6v
MS BPL.3281 06v.jpg
Folio 7r
MS BPL.3281 07r.jpg
Folio 7v
MS BPL.3281 07v.jpg
Folio 8r
MS BPL.3281 08r.jpg
Folio 8v
MS BPL.3281 08v.jpg
Folio 9r
MS BPL.3281 09r.jpg
Folio 9v
MS BPL.3281 09v.jpg
Folio 10r
MS BPL.3281 10r.jpg
Folio 10v
MS BPL.3281 10v.jpg
Folio 11r
MS BPL.3281 11r.jpg
Folio 11v
MS BPL.3281 11v.jpg
Folio 12r
MS BPL.3281 12r.jpg
Folio 12v
MS BPL.3281 12v.jpg
Folio 13r
MS BPL.3281 13r.jpg
Folio 13v
MS BPL.3281 13v.jpg
Folio 14r
MS BPL.3281 14r.jpg
Folio 14v
MS BPL.3281 14v.jpg
Folio 15r
MS BPL.3281 15r.jpg
Folio 15v
MS BPL.3281 15v.jpg
Folio 16r
MS BPL.3281 16r.jpg
Folio 16v
MS BPL.3281 16v.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 17r.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 17v.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 18r.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 18v.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 19r.jpg
Blank
MS BPL.3281 19v.jpg
Inside Cover
MS BPL.3281 Cover 3.jpg
Back Cover
MS BPL.3281 Cover 4.jpg

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. According to the library catalog entry.
  2. It is unclear what “niet en” means here. It could imply that the thumb is “not in”, or that it is “not one”, i.e. not alone–supported by the other hand.
  3. A literal translation of “cruine” would be “crown”.
  4. This could possibly be supposed to read “duime”, meaning “thumb”.
  5. This should most likely read “ghevangen”, which is translated as “captured”.
  6. 6.0 6.1 A more literal translation would be “unhook”.
  7. The meaning of the Dutch word “striken” is unclear in this context. Here, it is interpreted as “strikken”; “snares”.
  8. Alternatively: “nader”, meaning “closer”.
  9. This could be either “by” or “with” depending on the meaning of the word “hechte”. See the following note.
  10. This word is hard to make out in the manuscript. “hechte” could alternatively mean “close”. Possible alternatives for “hechte” are “rechte”, meaning “right” (i.e. with the right hand, though this would be unlikely as the right hand is trapped), or “hoch(t)e”, meaning “high” or “height”. Finally, the hilt could be what is intended.

Copyright and License Summary

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work Author(s) Source License
Images Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden Universiteit Leiden Digital Sources
CCBY30.png
Translation Reinier van Noort School voor Historische Schermkunsten
CCBYNCSA30.png
Transcription Reinier van Noort Index:Vechtboek (MS BPL.3281)
CCBYNCSA30.png