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<p>When you have dismounted on foot, if he then remains on the horse, then stand with the left foot forward and hold your lance in the middle with both hands athwart in front of you, so that the front point is longer than the back. If he then rides upon you with the lance, then sweep firmly with the front part of your lance to his right side to his, and plant to him with it with a step out onto his side.</p>
 
<p>When you have dismounted on foot, if he then remains on the horse, then stand with the left foot forward and hold your lance in the middle with both hands athwart in front of you, so that the front point is longer than the back. If he then rides upon you with the lance, then sweep firmly with the front part of your lance to his right side to his, and plant to him with it with a step out onto his side.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you have dismounted on foot, if he then rides upon you with the sword, then stab him with the lance to the openings, and assess if you may [have] planted to him, and do that with jumping out onto a side.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you have dismounted on foot, if he then rides upon you with the sword, then stab him with the lance to the openings, and assess if you may [have] planted to him, and do that with jumping out onto a side.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you have dismounted, if he remains on the horse and rides upon you with the sword, then set your lance with the point onto the furthest in front of you into the ground, and when he rides upon you, move with the lance to his horse between the front legs, and jump onto a side, and attempt if you may overturn him as such together with the horse.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you have dismounted, if he remains on the horse and rides upon you with the sword, then set your lance with the point onto the furthest in front of you into the ground, and when he rides upon you, move with the lance to his horse between the front legs, and jump onto a side, and attempt if you may overturn him as such together with the horse.</p>
 
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you want to wrestle with him, then you shall, before all cases, know how you shall correctly jump behind his front foot, and you shall lock and trap the same foot with the art, which will be explained to you hereafter.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you want to wrestle with him, then you shall, before all cases, know how you shall correctly jump behind his front foot, and you shall lock and trap the same foot with the art, which will be explained to you hereafter.</p>
 
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<p>When you jump to him with the right foot behind his left, step in with the left foot after between both of his feet, and grasp his left knee between both of your knees, and hold firmly with it, and shove him forward with the left hand to the cap, and with the right, pull him behind onto the side, so he falls.</p>
 
<p>When you jump to him with the right foot behind his left, step in with the left foot after between both of his feet, and grasp his left knee between both of your knees, and hold firmly with it, and shove him forward with the left hand to the cap, and with the right, pull him behind onto the side, so he falls.</p>
 
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<p>Or, if he stands with the right foot forward, then jump with the left in front of both of his feet, and move him with the left arm behind around the body, and throw him in front of you over your left hip.</p>
 
<p>Or, if he stands with the right foot forward, then jump with the left in front of both of his feet, and move him with the left arm behind around the body, and throw him in front of you over your left hip.</p>
 
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| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the parry with the left hand against the lance}}</p>
 
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<p><br/></p>
 
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<p>Note, when you have a sword and he a lance, if he then lays the point going out long in front of the hands and stabs you below with it to the testicles, then grab his lance with the left hand and hold hold it firmly with it, and stab him below with the sword to the testicles. If he then jerks his lance firmly to himself, then let it go suddenly, so he opens the side. With that, grab your sword with the left hand quickly again in the middle of the blade, and follow after him with planting to the same side, or wait for the wrestling.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you have a sword and he a lance, if he then lays the point going out long in front of the hands and stabs you below with it to the testicles, then grab his lance with the left hand and hold hold it firmly with it, and stab him below with the sword to the testicles. If he then jerks his lance firmly to himself, then let it go suddenly, so he opens the side. With that, grab your sword with the left hand quickly again in the middle of the blade, and follow after him with planting to the same side, or wait for the wrestling.</p>
 
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| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about which ends you shall search for the openings on the armed man}}</p>
 
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<p>Mark when he falls unto you with wrestling Then grasp the front of his right arm by the hand with your left hand and pull him to yourself on the left side and strike your left arm with strength over his right in the joint of his elbow and with your left hand break his right arm over your right and spring with the right foot behind his right and throw him over your right hip.</p>
 
<p>Mark when he falls unto you with wrestling Then grasp the front of his right arm by the hand with your left hand and pull him to yourself on the left side and strike your left arm with strength over his right in the joint of his elbow and with your left hand break his right arm over your right and spring with the right foot behind his right and throw him over your right hip.</p>
 
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<p>Note, if he falls to you with both hands into the arms and you against him, if he then strikes you with his left arm on your right and moves through with the left under your right behind around the body, then strike him outwards with the right arm strongly down from above into the joint of his left elbow, and step with the right foot in front of his left, and turn yourself from him, and sling him onto your left side.</p>
 
<p>Note, if he falls to you with both hands into the arms and you against him, if he then strikes you with his left arm on your right and moves through with the left under your right behind around the body, then strike him outwards with the right arm strongly down from above into the joint of his left elbow, and step with the right foot in front of his left, and turn yourself from him, and sling him onto your left side.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you want to wrestle with him, if he then grips after you with stretched fingers or with open hands or grabs you with wrestling and does not hold you firmly, then assess whether you may grab him by a finger, and break it upwards, and in front of him to circle with it, you also win his side with it, and otherwise other great advantages.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you want to wrestle with him, if he then grips after you with stretched fingers or with open hands or grabs you with wrestling and does not hold you firmly, then assess whether you may grab him by a finger, and break it upwards, and in front of him to circle with it, you also win his side with it, and otherwise other great advantages.</p>
 
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<p>Note, if you throw him down and he falls onto the belly and stretches his arm from him, then knee him quickly with a knee on an arm into his joint of the elbow, and grab the same arm forward with your hand, and jolt upwards with it, so you break his arm.</p>
 
<p>Note, if you throw him down and he falls onto the belly and stretches his arm from him, then knee him quickly with a knee on an arm into his joint of the elbow, and grab the same arm forward with your hand, and jolt upwards with it, so you break his arm.</p>
 
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Revision as of 02:18, 14 January 2020

Gloss and Interpretation of the Recital
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew, a name associated with one of the branches of the gloss (see below), or Sigmund ain Ringeck, whose gloss shows strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into at least three branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more plays overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Branch A is sometimes called the Jud Lew gloss, based on a potential attribution at the end of the mounted gloss in a few copies. Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal version in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer plays overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1535-40) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling plays from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

Branch C is first attested in the Vienna version (1480s). It is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique plays of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A (though not identical). The other substantial copy of Branch C is the Augsburg version II (1553), which was created by Paulus Hector Mair based on the writings of Antonius Rast, and which segues into the text of Ringeck's gloss for the final eighteen paragraphs. A substantial fragment of Branch C is present in five additional 16th century manuscripts alongside the illustrated treatise of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter; one of these, Glasgow II (1533) assigns the text a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489. This branch has received the least attention and is currently the least understood.

Treatise

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, Branch B has been retained here, and branch C is now on the Nicolaüs page.

Temp

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. Literally "from crossed arms".
  10. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  11. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  12. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  13. K. "The Following Technique".
  14. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  16. Letter erased and overwritten.
  17. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  18. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  19. K. "with both hands".
  20. 20.0 20.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  21. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  22. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  23. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  24. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  25. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  26. let your lance sink down in front
  27. bridle?
  28. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  29. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  30. A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg.
  31. zu hilff - to help
  32. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  33. Different ink, original text possibly scraped off and replaced.
  34. eysenhuet - iron hat
  35. move him? move to him?
  36. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  37. Letter I smudged.
  38. Other one says "too".
  39. Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)
  40. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  41. Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea
  42. This quatrain is a mess
  43. Scribal error, doubling this phrase.
  44. Make a note, "zu dem schuß," literally "to the shot"
  45. Glasgow version adds "him"
  46. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  47. G. "students".
  48. Nota is written in the margin in a different hand, with a line pointing to kainen.
  49. Wie hienach conterfct[?] written below in a different hand.
  50. Corrected from »sein«.
  51. Added in a different hand.
  52. Corrected from »seinem«.
  53. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  54. And you shall... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  55. G. "work to the openings".
  56. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  57. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  58. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  59. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  60. Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."
  61. I don't get this or the following one.
  62. Corrected from »dam«.
  63. Corrected from »dem«.
  64. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  65. It is "er" in the text because "ee wenn" is a conjunction, so it resets the case. It wouldn't do that in english I think, or I'm just an idiot.
  66. Corrected from »mit«.