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<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride with your lance, and someone against you, also with one, you shall, before all cases, know three guards with it, and from the guards you shall [go] to him by hand. The first, when wielding your lance, they are settings-aside with art and with strength, so that you therefore hit him with it.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride with your lance, and someone against you, also with one, you shall, before all cases, know three guards with it, and from the guards you shall [go] to him by hand. The first, when wielding your lance, they are settings-aside with art and with strength, so that you therefore hit him with it.</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-first figure teaches this,}} which says “The strength in the raising, arrange yourself in it correctly.”</p>
 
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 039v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|1|lbl=40r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 039v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|1|lbl=40r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166v.jpg|1|lbl=166v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166v.jpg|1|lbl=166v}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-first figure teaches this,}} which says “The strength in the raising, arrange yourself in it correctly.”</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167r.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167r.jpg|350px|center]]
| <p>[3] </p>
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| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|Item:}} This is the first guard on horseback</p>
  
<p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} This is the first guard on horseback, arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance with the back point under the right armpit, and reckon the front part to the longest to him with the point against the face.</p>
+
<p>Arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance with the back point under the right armpit, and reckon the front part to the longest to him with the point against the face.</p>
| <p><br/></p>
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
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<p>Arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance with the back point under the right armpit, and let it hang low to your left side next to your horse’s neck, and ride to him as such.</p>
 
<p>Arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance with the back point under the right armpit, and let it hang low to your left side next to your horse’s neck, and ride to him as such.</p>
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{{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167r.jpg|1|lbl=167r}}
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<p>Arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance in the middle with both hands, and hold it athwart<ref>crosswise? across? obliquely?</ref> in front of you on the saddle bow,<ref>satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?</ref> so that the point remains to your left side, and ride to him as such.</p>
 
<p>Arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance in the middle with both hands, and hold it athwart<ref>crosswise? across? obliquely?</ref> in front of you on the saddle bow,<ref>satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?</ref> so that the point remains to your left side, and ride to him as such.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167v.jpg|350px|center]]
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167v.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the plays from the three guards}}</p>
 
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the plays from the three guards}}</p>
 
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<p>Gloss: Note, drive this play from the first guard as follows: When you have extended your lance against him to the longest from the arm, and he his against you, then ride upon him and do as if you want to stab him to the face, and when you come near to him, then let the front of your lance sink down,<ref>let your lance sink down in front</ref> and change through with it below his lance to his right side. Thus you hit, and he does not.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, drive this play from the first guard as follows: When you have extended your lance against him to the longest from the arm, and he his against you, then ride upon him and do as if you want to stab him to the face, and when you come near to him, then let the front of your lance sink down,<ref>let your lance sink down in front</ref> and change through with it below his lance to his right side. Thus you hit, and he does not.</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The first figure teaches this,}} which says “Hunt from the chest to his right hand.”</p>
 
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|1|lbl=40v|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|1|lbl=40v|p=1}}
 
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{{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167v.jpg|1|lbl=167v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167v.jpg|1|lbl=167v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 168r.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The first figure teaches this,}} which says “Hunt from the chest to his right hand.”</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 167v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 168r.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|Note, drive this play}} from the second guard. When you ride together with him, let the front of your lance sink down to your left side. If he then drives upon you with the lance, then sweep up simply onto your right side with your lance to his, and raise a little upwards with it. Thus you hit, and he does not.</p>
 
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|Note, drive this play}} from the second guard. When you ride together with him, let the front of your lance sink down to your left side. If he then drives upon you with the lance, then sweep up simply onto your right side with your lance to his, and raise a little upwards with it. Thus you hit, and he does not.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 168r.jpg|1|lbl=168r}}
  
<p>{{red|b=1|The eighteenth figure teaches this,}} which says “Hunt to the right hand with your art.”</p>
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|-
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The eighteenth figure teaches this,}} which says “Hunt to the right hand with your art.”</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 168r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 168v.jpg|350px|center]]
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 168v.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Note, drive this play}} from the third guard as follows: When you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle athwart in front of you on the saddle bow. If he then rides onto you with the lance, then sweep with the front part of your lance to his right side at his, and strike your lance with it under your right armpit, and ride forward. Thus you hit, and he does not. You shall also, from all three guards, come to half of the lance with the left hand, for the sake of strength.</p>
 
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Note, drive this play}} from the third guard as follows: When you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle athwart in front of you on the saddle bow. If he then rides onto you with the lance, then sweep with the front part of your lance to his right side at his, and strike your lance with it under your right armpit, and ride forward. Thus you hit, and he does not. You shall also, from all three guards, come to half of the lance with the left hand, for the sake of strength.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 168v.jpg|1|lbl=168v}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The sixth figure teaches this,}} which says “Seize the strong with both hands.”</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 168v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
  
<p>{{red|b=1|The sixth figure teaches this,}} which says “Seize the strong with both hands.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
 
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 179r.jpg|350px|center]]
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 179r.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|Here note a special play with the short lance against the long}}</p>
 
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|Here note a special play with the short lance against the long}}</p>
  
 
<p>Note, when you have a short lance and he a long, ride boldly against him, and hold the point to him from the arm against the face, and when it comes to the hit, let go of the reins,<ref>bridle?</ref> and lead his lance away with the left hand onto your left side, and ride forward and plant to him.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you have a short lance and he a long, ride boldly against him, and hold the point to him from the arm against the face, and when it comes to the hit, let go of the reins,<ref>bridle?</ref> and lead his lance away with the left hand onto your left side, and ride forward and plant to him.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The twelfth figure teaches this,}} which says “With empty hand, learn two sweeps against all weapons.”</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040ar.jpg|1|lbl=40ar}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|The twelfth figure teaches this,}} which says “With empty hand, learn two sweeps against all weapons.”</p>
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== Temp ==
 
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Revision as of 01:35, 12 January 2020

Gloss and Interpretation of the Recital
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund ain Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into at least three branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more plays overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer plays overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling plays from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

Branch C is first attested in the Vienna version (1480s). It is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique plays of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A (though not identical). The other substantial copy of Branch C is the Augsburg version II (1553), which was created by Paulus Hector Mair based on the writings of Antonius Rast, and which segues into the text of Ringeck's gloss for the final eighteen paragraphs. A substantial fragment of Branch C is present in five additional 16th century manuscripts alongside the illustrated treatise of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter; one of these, Glasgow II (1533) assigns the text a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489. This branch has received the least attention and is currently the least understood.

Treatise

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here and branch C is now on the Nicolaüs page.

Temp

Temp

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. Literally "from crossed arms".
  10. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  11. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  12. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  13. K. "The Following Technique".
  14. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  16. Letter erased and overwritten.
  17. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  18. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  19. K. "with both hands".
  20. 20.0 20.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  21. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  22. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  23. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  24. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  25. let your lance sink down in front
  26. bridle?
  27. A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg.
  28. zu hilff - to help
  29. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  30. eysenhuet - iron hat
  31. move him? move to him?
  32. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  33. Other one says "too".
  34. Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)
  35. Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea
  36. This quatrain is a mess
  37. Make a note, "zu dem schuß," literally "to the shot"
  38. Glasgow version adds "him"
  39. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  40. G. "students".
  41. Nota is written in the margin in a different hand, with a line pointing to kainen.
  42. Wie hienach conterfct[?] written below in a different hand.
  43. Corrected from »sein«.
  44. Corrected from »seinem«.
  45. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  46. And you shall... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  47. G. "work to the openings".
  48. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  49. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  50. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  51. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  52. Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."
  53. I don't get this or the following one.
  54. Corrected from »dam«.
  55. Corrected from »dem«.
  56. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  57. It is "er" in the text because "ee wenn" is a conjunction, so it resets the case. It wouldn't do that in english I think, or I'm just an idiot.
  58. Corrected from »mit«.