Hans Talhoffer/Complete

Hans Talhoffer (center) dictating his fencing manual to two scribes. (MS Thott.290.2º folio 11r)

This page compiles all six manuscripts known to be personally created by Hans Talhoffer into a single composite. The order of plays is somewhat arbitrary in places, but it should give a good sense of the sweep of the master's work.

Dueling Introduction

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen Version by Jeffrey Hull	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann
	Here finds one written of judicial combat Thus what now be decreed as forbidden of all combatants. So by and by, it has become the custom of kaisers and kings, princes and lords, to whom one likens himself and emulates, that one is obliged to fight, especially regarding several causes and articles which are written down hereafter.			[8r] hie vint man geschriben von dem kempfen Item wie daz nun sy daz die die decretaleß kempf verbieten, So hat doch die gewonhait herbracht von kaisern und künigen fürsten und hern noch gestatten und kempfen laussen, und darzu glichen schierm gebent, und besunder und umb ettliche sachn und artikeln, alß her nach geschriben staht.
	Yet firstly this – Nobody is happy when one of his comrades cuts him up with loud words. He who would have at dueling with such a comrade, indeed he is within his rights and may well-fight him if he would. Thus dueling is wantonness.			Item zu dem ersten maul daz im nymant gern sin Eer laut abschniden mit wortten ainem der sin genoß ist Er wolte Er hebat mit im kempfen wie wol er doch nit recht wol von im kem ob er wolte und darumb so ist kämpfen ain muotwill
	Now those aforesaid causes and articles are seven, wherefor a man has duty to fight: Thus the first is murder. The second is treason. The third is heresy. The fourth is becoming an urger of disloyalty to one’s lord. The fifth is betrayal in strife or otherwise. The sixth is falsehood. The seventh is using either a maiden or lady.			Item der sachen und ardickelen sind siben Darumb man noch pfligt zu kempfen Item daz erst ist mortt Daz ander verräterniß Das dritt ketzery Daz vierd wohher an sinem herrn trulos wirt Daz fünfft umb fanknuß in striten oder sunsst Daz sechst um valsch Daz sibent da ainer junckfrowen oder frowen benotzogt
	That is why one man challenges another to duel. Such a man shall come before court and shall lay down his case through his own advocacy. Therefor he who accuses shall name the man by baptized name and surname. At the appointed hour it is right that he who calls for the tribunal also complains to three tribunes after the accused comes – unless either one comes not and answers for himself. Yet nobody of one’s ilk may do so, for truly one may answer better for himself. Then the accuser proves his need be just and right. So shall the man under accusation, as much as his accuser, comprehend and likewise this helps the land. Only after all the testimony is done shall verdict be rendered.			Item spricht ain man den andern kempflich an, der sol komen für gericht und sol durch sinen fürsprechen sin sach für legen, darumb er in denn an kagt und sol den man nennen mit dem touff namen und zuo namen. So ist recht, daz er in für gericht lad und in dry stund beklag uff dryen gerichten nach ain ander. kumt er denn nit und veranttwurt sich nach nymant von sinen wegen, so mag er sich fürbaß nit mer veranttwurten, [8v] er bewyse dann Ehafte nott als recht sy, so sel man in verurtailen alß fer in daz sin bott innerhalb landes begriffen hant. Je dar nach, alß die ansprach ist gegangen, darnach sol daz urtail ouch gan.
	Thus he who was challenged, he comes singularly before the three tribunes to respond and gainsay. Therefor the man who was challenged, he speaks thus that he be blameless and he repeats that the accusations be not true and thereover he would honour with struggle upon that knowledge, as then be right for and required by the land wherein this be and so thereupon is dealt his training-time. So he is dealt six weeks and four days from this tribunal for his training time. Thereupon is also dealt that the men shall struggle as is customary and right in the land. Thus the two men pledge willingly to go before court and struggle against each other – each also with about six weeks of trainingtime in peace, during which either or both are banished if someone breaks peace – thus not until when it is agreed upon as right by the judge.			Item der da kempflich angesprochen wirt uff den dryen gerichten und er ainost zuo der antwort kumpt und leugnot darum man in an gesprochen hat und spricht er sy des also unschuldig und der sag uff in daz nit war sy und daz wöll er widerumb mit kempfen beherten und uff in daz wysen alß denn recht sy un dem land darinn eß sy und forttert dar über mit urtail seinen lertag, so werdent im sechß wochen ertailt zu sinem lertag und vier tag von dem gericht werdent im auch ertailt, daruff sie kempfen süllent alß in dem land gewonhait und recht ist. Item versprechent sich zwen man willkürlich gen einander ain kampfez vor gericht, den git an auch sechs wochen lertag und sol in frid bannen baiden, und wolcher under den den frid brech, uber den richtet man on den kampf alß recht ist.
	How one may lawfully meet the other. Thus is one man challenged to fight by another man. The man said to be not as good by the other – he may with right meet that other, if he will. Or if a man would be said or become spurious, then he may instead disregard the duel. Thus indeed the noble challenge the craven to dueling – so may the craven not well disregard that.			wie ainer dem anderen mit recht ußgan mag Item ist daz ein man kempflich angesprochen wiert von aim der nit alß guot ist alß er, dem mag er mit recht uß gan ob er wil oder ob ain man echtloß gesagt würde oder worden wer, dem mag man ouch des kampfes absin. Item spricht aber der edler den mindern an zu kempfen, so mag der den minderen nit wol absin.
	Thus why indeed two men may not combat one another; though whichever among them, of the two, may well want to meet the other: Thus these two men are intent to duel – except they who are within five places of kinship, they may not rectify with one another by dueling; which seven men must swear, who may be of either the paternal or maternal half of either man’s family.			[9r] Item wie aber zwen mann nit mit ainender mügent kempfen und wolcher wil under den den zweye dem andern wol uß gan mag Item wenn zween mann ?gesinnt sind biß uff die fünffte sipp oder näher die mügent durch recht nit mit ein ander kempfen und des müssn siben man schwern die die vatter und muotter halb mäge sind.
	Thus how one or the other may disregard the duel, if he has such a handicap as written and stated here: Thus if a lame man, or one who has bad eyes, becomes challenged to duel. Yet if he may well-manage somehow to meet the sound one, it be then the wise decree to make this person on par with the other; and that wise decree must be done upon their oath; such that just as well the lamed or poorly sighted man thus may well win instead of the other one in any duel of theirs.			Item wie aber ainer dem anderen kampfes absin mag mit solichem gelimpf alß hie geschribn stät Item ob ain lamer man oder einer der böse ougen hett und kampfes an gesprochen wirt der mag sich der auch wol behellffen und dem gesunden usgan, eß sy denn daz wyse lüt daz gelich nach der ?person machen und daz müessent wyß lüt uff ir eid tun und daz also glich machen. Es mag auch der lam oder mit den bosen ougen wol einen an ir statt gewinnen der für iro ainen kempfe.
	When thus the six weeks are past and the last day is come, then the judge has summoned them, whereupon shall be combat. So shall they both come before the judge with such training and in such respect as the customs and law teach in the land wherein the duel shall be; or accordingly as they have otherwise willingly agreed and so forth.			Item wenn also die sechß wochen uß sind und der letst tag komen ist den in der richter beschaiden haut daruff kempfen sullen, so sullen sie beide für den richter komen mit solichem ertzögen und in solich acht alß die gewonheit und das recht lert in dem lande dar inn sie kempfen sullen oder nach dem alß sie mit einander gewillkürt habent Item etc. -
	Thus so there, the complainant shall swear that he therefor has cause for fighting the other; and that he has deemed the other man guilty. And then shall the judge assign a ring and “grit-wardens” and verdict; and counsel wise decrees according to the customs of the land; whereupon the day in the ring arrives for the verdict. One erring man vanquished as honour demands; which he shall take as proof and as rightful / lawful.			Item so soll da der cleger schweren daz er der sach darum er dem ainen man zugesprochen haut schuldig sy und denn so sol man in ainen ring machen und grieß wartten und urttail geben [9v] nach wyser lute raut und nach des landeß gewonhait. Und wer uff den tag in den ring nit kumpt den urttailt man sigeloß in irre denn Ehafte nott die sol er bewysen alß recht ist -
	Here is stated how one shall hold oneself when the combatants are come into the ring upon the appointed hour, at which time one thus shall duel the other adversarily: When the combatants are thus come into the ring, then the judge of that hour shall stare at all there; and advise that hiding is forbidden, by health and wealth; and that he shall not allow one or the other to be aided by someone else; thus shall each both do combat exclusively; so may the judge intimidate any rabble.			Hie staut wie man sich halten sol wenn die kempfer in dem ring komen sind uff die stund und uff die zit so man pheindiglich kempfen sol WEnn die kempfer also in den ring komen sind So sol der richter von stund an alle stür und ler vestecklich verbieten by lyb und guot und sol nicht gestatten daz man einem für den andern nicht zulege und sel inß beiden machen so er imer gelichest mag ungenerde.
	That which is lawful if one of the combatants flees out, or becomes driven out, of the ring: Thus whichever combatant comes out of the ring, before then the duel has its deadly ending, because he becomes knocked out of the ring by the other or he flees thereout, or however else he comes thereout; or he admits that the other man’s position regarding the cause for challenge is right – then shall that man be adjudged vanquished, or otherwise slain and killed; for another man has conquered him. Then a man shall rectify indeed as is lawful and customary in the land. And thereby they have battled one another.			Das ist was recht wer ob der kempfer ainer uss dem ring fluch oder getriben wurd Item wolcher kempfer uss dem ring kumpt Ee denn der kampf ain ende haut Er werde daruß geschlagen von dem andern oder fluche daruß oder wie er daruß käme oder aber ob er der sache vergicht darum man in denn mit recht an gesprochen haut, den sol man sigeloß urttailen. Oder wolcher den andern erschlecht und ertötett der haut gesiget. Dem sol man aber richten alß des landes gewonhait und recht ist darumb sie dem mit ainander gekemppffet hand.
			[63r] da stat her dauid vnd buppellin vom stain gebrueder vñ hand die kunst duy in disem büch stat gelernnet von hansen dalhofer
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300x300px	Now mark this bond that you need to understand: Thus firstly you should know well the master who will teach you; that his art be right and protective; and that he be pious / sober; and that he not embezzle you; and that he not shorten / beguile the lore; and that he wits to broaden the arsenal wherewith he will battle. However – should that master not accept that, swearing upon his profits ingratiatingly and his prejudices devotedly and thus shall his ilk become masters because of him – then swear neither to further nor to teach his so-called art.	[27r] [In a banner:] Meister seyt mir gar wilkum		[10r] Nun merck uff dissen punten der ist notturfftlich zu uerstend Item des ersten so soltu den maister wol erkennen der dich lerren wil dz sin kunst recht und gewer sy und dz er frum sy und dich nit veruntruwe und dich nit verkürtz in der lerr und wiß die gwer zü zerbraitten da mit er kempfen wil. Och sol er den maister nit uff nemen er schwer im dann sin frumen zwerbent und sin schaden zwendent deß glich sol er dem maister wider um sweren sin kunst nit witter zleren.
	Here heed the master: Thus the master, who has a student to teach, he shall wit that he recognise well the man whom he will teach; whether he be weak or strong and if he be coxcombraging or gentle-minded; whether he has good breathing / endurance or not; and whether he may work heartily. So when you the master have well-recognised him as into the lore and what work he is able to do, thereafter you must teach the student such that it avails him against his foes. Yet the combatant and the master shall guard that they let no man see them nor also the arsenal with which they work. And they both shall guard their doings from much of society; and say little of the fighting, so that no notice is made thereof.			Hie merck uff den maister Item der maister der ain understat zu leren, der sol wißen daß er den man wol erken, den er lerren wil, ob er sie schwach oder starck, und ob er gäch zornig sy oder senftmüttig, och ob er gütten auttem hab oder nit, och ob er arbaitten müg in die in die ?harr; und wenn du inn wol erkunet haust in der lerr, un wz arbait er uermag dar nach müstu in lerren dz im nütz ist gen sinen vind. Och sol der kempffer und der maister sich hütten dz sie niemand zu sehen laussend und in sunder sie gwer da mit sy arbaittent und sich baid hütten vor vil geselschafft und von dem vechten wenig sagen dz kain abmercken da von kom.
	About patronage: How the combatant and the master want to relate: Remit the fee and reciprocate. What be his nature? If he be strong or weak, if yet he be coxcomb-raging or not; and how his top heats up if someone would quarrel or fight. It is also needful to wit by the master who teaches him: That the man strives to set himself aright.			von kuntschafft wie der kempffer und der maister kuntschafft möchte hon zu rem widertail, wz sin wesen wer, ob er sy strarck oder swach, ob er och sy gechzornig oder nit, und wie sin touff nam hieß, ob man wölt dar uß bracticiern oder rechnen. Ws ist och nottürfftig zu wissen wz maister in lerr dz man sich darnach müg richten
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300x300px	When now the combatant is taught and shall go within the barriers: So firstly, when he shall fight, accordingly shall he hear a priest say mass, in honour of Our Lady Mary and of Saint George patron of knights, and the priest shall bless him in the name of Saint John of the gospel, with which the combatant agrees. Thereafter the master shall try earnestly to advise the combatant one last time; whereupon the combatant shall stay; and shall fathom nothing, yet focus upon his foe and earnestly look at him.	[34v] [No text]		wenn er nun gelert ist und in den schrancken sol gon So sol er zu dem ersten bichten, dar nach sol im ain priester ain meß lesen von unßer frowen und von sant jörgen, und der priester sol im segnen sant johanns myne und dem kempfer geben. Dar nach sol der maister in ernstlich versüchen [10v] und inn under richten dar uff er bliben sol, und sol in uff kein ding haissen acht hon dann uff sin vind, und den ernstlich an schowen.
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300x300px		[37v] [No text]	[71v] die beraitung in den schranken
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300x300px	Mark the presentation when one thus comes within the barriers: So shall he make one cross with the right foot and one cross with the right hand at his breast and shall sign in the name of the Father and Son and the Holy Ghost. The grit-wardens bearing staves or spears take the men in and present them and they turn round in the Sun. So then shall each combatant bid well the witnessing princes and lords; and they stand around the circle, as each bids God would help him and would give him victory over his foe, as He has truth and right.	[28r] [In a banner:] Hilff • got • du • ewiges • wort • dem • leib • hie • • der • selb • dort :•: :Amen•:	[63v] da danket er got	Merck uff dz infüeren Item wenn der man kompt in den schrancken so sol er machen mit dem rechten fuß ain krütz und mit der hand aines an an die brust und sol fürsich gon im namen des vatters und sunes und des hailigen gaistes. Dann sind in die grießwartten nemen und sind inn fürren gegen der sunnen umbhe. So sol dann der kempfer die fürsten und herren bitten und die umb den kraiß stand dz sy im wölle helffen got bitten dz er im sig wölle geben gegen sinem vind und alz er war und recht hab.
		[39r] [No text]	[71r] das in fu°ren
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300x300px	Thereafter shall one sit down in the chair: When he is now seated, so shall someone overspan him with a tent, and his bier is behind him at the barriers, and his arsenal is well-arrayed and is lawful and ready for his needs / as required by court.	[40r] [No text]	[77rv] das sitzen im schr[ank]en	Dar nach sol man in setzen in den sessel Wenn er nun gesessen ist so soll man im fürspannen ain tüch und sin bar hinder im an den schrancken und sine gwer sind wol gehenckt sin und gericht nach nottürfft
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300x300px	The grit-wardens or armigers: The master and grit-wardens should heed the judge, or whomever else then as agreed previously. Dueling is started at the first call – so shall he the judge call the combatants to stand up and draw up from the tents; and when he has called for the third time, calling them by name, then he goes thence and commends them unto God.	[41r] [No text]		Die grieß wartten oder täpffer Der maister und die grieß wartten söllend mercken uff den richter oder uff den, der den kampff an lauffen wirt. Wann der rüfft zu dem ersten mal, so sol er den man haisen uff ston un dz tüch von im ziehen, und wann man rüfft zü dem dritten mäl so sol er in haissen hin gon und in got enpfelhen.
300x300px		[41v] da lat der maister den [?] schilt seczen vñ kolben

Peasant Dueling Equipment

Draft Translation Copenhagen Version by Jeffrey Hull	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann
This pavise belongs to the mace.			[104r] Der schlilt hert zuo Dem Kolben -
to the mace.			[104v] zuom kolben
to the sword.			[105r] zuo dem schwert
to the sword.			[105v] zuom schwert
to the sword.	[24v] [No text]	[62r] das send die schilt züm schwert vñ zum kolben	[106r] zuom schwert
Learn to wield maces.			[106v] lern kolben
The garments for the pavise and for dueling that Talhoffer advises to put on.		[37v] das ist wie s[?] ainer wapen s[?] hinder den sch[?]ten sol [The right margin is lost due to clipping; the page seems to have been glued in subsequently.]	[107r] daz gwand zuo dem schilt und zuo dem Kampf. + talhofferß an tuon

Mace and Longshield

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen Version by Jeffrey Hull Munich Version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
		[30r] [No text]	[65v] die ander von oben ab
		[33r] [No text]	[66r] duÿ fierd zü dem zuren
		[34r] [No text]	[67r] das ver werfen
		[35r] [No text]	[67v] der stand zü dem schmuken [?]
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	Here is the beginning with the shield and the stance to my advantage. God give us luck and well-being. Here I stand in according to Frankish law.	[42r] [No text]			[53v] Hie ist der anfang mit dem schilt vnd ston in mynem Vortail Gott geb uns glük vnd haill. Hie ston Ich nach frenckeschem Rechten.
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300x300px	Here is the combat at the mace tribunal. Therewith allow I am not afraid. I mean to cover myself with my shield. Here I stand for throwing.			[99v] Hie ist der kampf uff dem kolben gericht [103r] [No text]	[54r] Damit lausz ich mich nit erschrecken. Ich wyl mich mit dem schült bedecken. Hie ston ich Im wurff.
	Here in this hour he has found me completely open. Here he has interlocked the shields and stikes towards his head.		[75r] das in schlachen mit dem [Parts of the text are illegible in my present copy since they are written on a dark background.] dem [...] kolb[en]		[54v] Hie In diser stund hast du mich gar blosz funden. Hie hatt er den schilt geschrenckt vnd schlecht Im nach Sinem hopt.
	This one means to beat/break into the other ones shield. Thus he steps forth and means to strike at his head.			[111r] [No text]	[55r] Der wyl Im den schilt Inschlahen. So tritt er für vnd wyl In zu dem hopt schlahen.
	I have been found in an opening. I fear he might get a thrust at me. This one binds his shield behind.			[111v] [No text]	[55v] Ich bin funden hlos. Ich fircht es werd mir ain stosz. Der hatt Im hinder den schilt gebunden.
	The kick. / The inrun.		[72r] das dreten	[100r] Der anlauß
	The hampering…			[100v] Daz zwierhen im Schilt
	…And the binding in. Here he makes an end-thrust at me. Here I have thrusted.			[101r] und daz ynbinden	[56r] Hie macht er mir ain endstosz. Hie hon ich den gestossen.
	With my kick I opened you, and strike with certainty. He then kicked around my shield. Thus, I mean to throw (the club?).	[43r] [No text]	[75v] der schlag nach dem drit		[56v] Mit mynem Tryt hon ich dich entrist, vnd schlach gar gewyssz. Er hatt mir den schilt vmbtretten. So wyl Ich werffen.
		[44r] [No text]	[64r] das buchen
	Here this one means to thrust in high. Here I mean to bind him behind and find an opening near his heart.	[32r] [No text] [29r] [No text]	[64v] der loft in an [65r] duÿ drit züm ver wenden	[112r] [No text]	[57r] Hie wyl der den schilt obnen hinyn stossen. Hie wil Ich Im hinterbinden vnd vmb Sin hertz blos finden.
	Here the piece is completed just as it was described before.	[46r] [No text]			[57v] Hie ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben Stat.
	Here each one charges around and seeks his advantage. This one then has the advantage.				[58r] Hie Triben Sie ainannder vmb vnd sucht yeglicher sinen vortail. Der hatt den vortail.
	In this, he strikes the shield from his hand out of the bind and means to thrust towards him where he finds an opening. However, thus he grasps with his arm and throws the shield from him and helps him away.			[112v] [No text]	[58v] Da hatt er Im den Schilt vsz der hend geschlagen vsz dem anbinden vnd wyl stossen wa er Im noch blosz finden. So grifft aber der mit dem Arm vnd würfft den schilt von Im vnd hilfft Im hinweg.
	From his helping-away, my thrust comes back to me again. Here I present an opening, this earns me a wicked thrust.				[59r] Vsz sinem anweg helffen kumpt mir myn stossz herwyder. Hie bin Ich worden blos des wirt mir ain beser Stossz.
	From the help-away, the whole piece is completed.			[115v] [No text] (similar)	[59v] Vsz dem hinnweghelffen ist das Stuck gantz volbracht.
	The bind against each other.		[72v] das hinder binden (similar)		[60r] Die Bindent aber ainannder an.
	From the bind, thus he binds behind him and thrusts at him from above with the shield across his thigh.				[60v] Vsz dem anbinden So hatt er In hinderbunden vnd Stoszt Im mit dem schilt oben durch Sinen schenckel.
	Here this one stands in his guard and awaits his opponent. Thus this one then strikes the hook behind his shield and pulls back.				[61r] Hie statt der In Siner Hutt vnd wartet des Mans. So schlecht der den Hacken hinder sinen Schilt vnd zert hindersich.
	This one pulls it behind himself just as it was described before.				[61v] Der Zert hindersich wie vor geschriben Statt.
	From the pull behind himself, thus he thrusts again the shield therein. And the piece is completed.				[62r] Vsz dem hindersich zeren So stoszt er hinwyder den Schilt In den. Vnd ist das Stuck volbracht.
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	Here he throws his arm up and grasps him over his arm and drops the shield and steps forth and strikes him about the neck with his left arm and throws him over the hip. Here he turns his shield around, and strikes "crossed" at his head.				[62v] Hie wurfft er sinen arm vff vnd übergrifft Im Sin arm vnd latt den Schilt fallen vnd Tryt für vnd Schlecht Im Sin lincken arm vmb Sinen Halsz vnd wurfft In über die huffen. Hie hert er den schilt vmh vnd Schlecht geschrenckt dem zu sinem houpt.
	Here the piece gets completed just as it was described before.				[63r] Hie wirt das Stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben Statt.
	This one is completely helpless and gets thrown. This one has struck his shield between the opponent and the opponent’s shield, and drops his shield and means to throw him.				[63v] Der Ist ganntz werlosz vnd wirt geworffen. Der halt Sinen schilt zwüschen Man vnd schilt geschlagen vnd latt den schilt vnd wyl In werffen.
	Here the throw is completed and he strikes him with the club.				[64r] Hie ist der Wurff volbracht vnd Schlecht In dem kolben.
	This one displaces the blow with his club and grapples him with his arm and stikes him to death. Here they are come away from their shields and strike each other with their clubs. Here is the end of the fencing with clubs.				[64v] Der hatt Im sinen Straich versetzt mit dem kolben vnd über gryfft In mit dem Arm vnd Schlecht In zu tod. Da Sint sie komen von den schilten vnd Schlahent ainander mit den kalben. Hie hatt das kolben vechten ain end.
					[65r] [Impression of illustration remains, but no ink]

Sword and Longshield

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen Version by Jeffrey Hull Munich Version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
300x300px	The first rush with pavise and sword according to the Swabian tradition. Here I stand openly in the Swabian manner. Like one in a fencing hall. Thus I stand with shield and sword and have long wished to fight you.		[73r] das ist das angann mit dem schwert vñ schilt	[97v] Der erst anlouff mit schilt und schwert nach schwäpschen Siten	[65v] Hie Ston Ich fry Nach Schwebischen Rechten. Als man ze Hall vicht. So ston ich mit schilt vnd schwert vnd hon din lang zu fechten begert.
				[102v] [No text]
300x300px	Seeking there, behind / from behind the pavise. This one then means to turn the shield and cut. Thus he brings his sword between the shields and he tries to stand just as strongly.			[98r] Dau suchen hinder schilt	[66r] Der wyl den Schilt wenden und howen. So bringt er Sin schwert zwüschen die schilt vnd versucht wie starck er Stand.
	This one stabs with the interlocked shields. Here this one stands with his target uncovered.				[66v] Der sticht mit geschrencktem Schilt. Hie statt der blas vnuersetzt.
	We two stand like this when we both have turned around and each stand in the opposite stance.		[69v] das ist stuk vñ bruch		[67r] Wir zwen standen wie die obern wenn das wir vns verkert haben vnd Statt yeglicher an des anndern Statt.
	In the "Hiding" stance, I turn my shield and stride forth with the stab. However, here I have my shield backwards, and am undone.				[67v] Im verborgen Stund wend Ich min Schilt und schryt für mit dem Stich. Hie hab ich myn schilt gewendt vnd bin doch geschent.
			[74r] das schilt lupfen
	The hinter-treading and heart-thrust achieved. Thus I draw in my shield and therewith step away from his blow, thus I broke his piece. I meant to thrust across behind his shield.		[74v] das hinder schlichen	[99r] Daz hinder treten und hertz stich volbringen	[68r] So zuckt ich mynen Schilt vnd Tryt vsz Sinem treffen damit So tun ich Im sin Stuck Brechen. Ich hon wöllen geschrenckt Stechen hinder Sinen Schilt.
	Out of the charge, thus I kick the shield from you and achieve my thrust at you.				[68v] Vsz dem anlouffen So Tryt Ich den schilt von dir vnd hab myn Stich volbracht an dir.
	There I displace with strength (opposition), meaning to prevent your cut and thrust. This one has turned around the shield. Note this.				[69r] Da tun Ich versetzten mit Sterckin wyl ich dir din höw vnd Stich letzen. Der hatt den Schilt verkert. Das merck.
	Thus I let go of my shield to drop it and cut into the opening. This one meant to thrust between the shields.				[69v] So lausz ich mynen schilt fallen vnd how zu der blessin. Der hatt wollen zwüschen Schilt Stossen.
	However, here is a finish. Thus this one lets his shield drop and grasps him by the elbow and thrusts the sword across at him.				[70r] Hie Ist aber ain end. So latt aber der sinen schilt och Fallen vnd ergryfft In by den Elbogen vnd Stoszt Schwert durch In.
	Thus he means to hammer the shield and sword into him and bind behind if he wants to find the opening. This one stands in his guard.				[70v] So wyll der Schilt und Schwert ynschlahen vnd hinderbinden ob er In möcht blos finden. Der statt In siner versatzung.
	He has drawn me to that hit, he outsmarted me with that. Here I have drawn his hit that he let fall and I have followed with the thrust towards him.				[71r] Er hatt mir gezucht das treffen, damit er thut mich Effen. Hie hon ich Im gezuckt sin Treffen das er hatt gefelt und hon Im hachgerayszt mit dem Stick.
	Thus he examines the thrust, and does not allow him to come around it. This one takes the sword and shield together from the "Bochen" (guard) if he wants to come at him therein from above.				[71v] So hatt er den Stosz vernomen, vnd latt In nit dartzu komen. Der hatt vsz dem bochen Schwert vnd schilt zemen genomen ob er Im möcht oben hinyn komen.
	Then I am closely between the shield and the sword, so that I can come at your head. As I have twisted the cut, I am undone.				[72r] Da bin Ich zwüschen Schilt vnd Swert gedrungen, das ich dir zum houpt bin komen. Als Ich hon gehowen geschrenckt Da Ist mir mysse lungen.
	He means to cut with twisting and striding. Here mark that I have drawn my shield in and thrust in across at his leg.				[72v] Mit schrencken vnd Schryten wyl er howen. Hie Merck wie ich das main das ich hon gezuckt vnd Stich in durch sin hain.
				[116v] [No text]
	The stance in the open guard. Concealed in this stance, he shifts the sword into the left hand and he thrusts over the shield.			[117r] [No text]	[73r] Der Statt in der versatzung fry. In dem stand verborgen wechselt er das Swert In die lincken hand vnd ersticht In übern schilt.
	Thus, in an open stance I am come around with my hand. That I may be well thought of, I have cut with twisting.				[73v] In ainem fryen Stand So bin Ich komen vmb myn hand. Das mag Ich wolgedencken das ich hon gehowen mit Schrencken.
	This one stands in the stance in which this one arrives around his hand. Again, this one means to turn against the shield if he wants to find his opening.				[74r] Der stant In dem stand dar Inn der kam vmb Sin hand. Aber wyl der vber den schilt winden, ob er in möchte blosz finden.
	The kick and jugular-thrust. Here we both stand with legs exposed. Again, this one may mean to throw the shield therein and thrust him away from himself.		[69r] der drit vñ stich dar vss	[98v] Der drit und gurgel stich	[74v] Hie stand wir bayd blos. Aber der mag den schilt wol hinyn werffen vnd In von Im stossen.
	From the throw, he thrusts him away from himself and from the thrust he must stoop to hew him in the head and in the back.				[75r] Da hatt er In von Im gestossen vom wurff vnd vom stosz musz er Sich bucken des how Ich In In Kopff vnd In Rucken.
	In this one, I mean to bind and wrench with the shield and sword. Thus this one pushes him away behind himself and draws a cut from him and lets the shield drop and kicks from here and hews him in the neck.				[75v] Der hat wöllen mit schilt vnd Swert Inbinden vnd Rysen. So hatt der hinder sich geruckt vnd Im vsz sinem Inschlahen gezuckt vnd latt den schilt fallen vnd Tryt herfur vnd howt Im In sinen halsz.
	This one meant to angle the shield over and in. Then one ought to behold the shield and the stab-across ought to be made.				[76r] Der hatt wöllen den schilt oben hinyn wünden. Den schilt solt Man ynen Sehen vnd der stich geschrenck solt Sin gescheen.
	Here I displace with might and remain standing and have my strong thrust abiding. As this one hammers in his shield and then means to make him defenseless and then to strike the shield from him that is broken to him.				[76v] Hie hon ich versetzt mit macht vnd bin beliben ston vnd hon mynen starchen stich getan. Als der sinen schilt Ingeschlagen hatt vnd wolt den wörlousz machen vnd den schilt hon von Im geschlagen das ist Im gebrochen.
	Thus this one steps forth and grasps him about the neck and throws him with the shield. As this one strikes him with the shield.				[77r] So ist der für dretten vnd nempt In by dem halsz vnd wurfft In mit dem Schilt. Als der den schilt In geschlagen halt.
	This is the piece completed, just as it was described before.				[77v] Da Ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben statt.
		[45r] [No text]	[76r] das su°chen züm schilt lupfen
			[76v] da hat der den schilt von dem [?] lofen vñ lügt
			[68r] da lit er

Solo Longshield

Draft Translation by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
This one binds up between the shield and the man and then strikes the "Chop" about his feet and means to wrench. From thence, he comes at me between me and the shield, for which I must suffer.			[122r] [No text]	[78r] Der hatt In gebunden zwischen den Schilt vnd den man vnd hatt Im den hacken geslagen vmb sinen fusz vnd wyl Ryssen. Darumb er mir ist komen zwüschen mich vnd den schilt Des ich billich engült.
Thus, from the bind, one may wrench to his leg from below and above.			[122v] [No text]	[78v] Von dem anbinden So mag man vnden vnd oben Ryssen zu baiden syten.
This is just like the other one, only he just might come over. Again, out of the bind above, or "Bochen" (guard), thus each may grasp the other’s shield and wrench it from him if he may.				[79r] Es ist aim als dem andern vnd oder oben wie er des kamen mag. Aber vsz dem obern anbund oder bochen So mag ain yeder dem anndern griffen In sinen schilt vnd von Im Rysen ob er mag.
From the step-in and grasp, just as it was described before, neither desires it to go to wrestling.				[79v] Vsz dem Infallen vnd griffen wie vor geschriben statt welicher denn nit wöll lon so mag es wol an ain Ringen gon.
Regard this correct piece as now this one means to cut and thus he stands firmly and allows the right hand to go from the shield and grasps his elbow and thrusts him away from himself that he turns himself around. Then he strikes the shield and binds it behind him.				[80r] Nun Merck das stuck recht als Nun der hatt wollen schlahen und bochen So ist er vast gestanden vnd latt die Rechten hand vom Schilt vnd gryfft dem In den Elbogen vnd stosst In von Im das er sich verkertt. Hie hatt er dem den Schilt Ingeslagen vnd hinterbunden.
As this one thrusts upon the elbow, as it was described before. Thus turn yourself completely around and thrust the shield into him, and then the piece and break are completely at an end.				[80v] Als der den gestossen by dem Elbogen hatt als vor geschriben statt. So kert sich der gar vmb vnd stoszt den Schilt In den vnd ist stuck vnd bruch volbracht zum end.
In the charge, thus he steps behind him and breaks him in the high (guard) and he dreads getting thrown. However, that is a strong charge, and from the charge thus binds him behind and gets him in the throw, or he must become defenseless.				[81r] In dem anlouffen So hat er In hinder Tretten vnd bracht In In die höin vnd fürcht er werd geworffen. Das ist aber ain starcher anlouff vnd, vsz dem anlouff So hatt er In hinderbunden vnd wirt In werffen oder er mus wörlousz werden.
Here he breaks him to the trap just as it was described before. However, finish him off with the open thrust.				[81v] Hie hatt er In bracht zum fall wie vor geschriben statt. — Vnd macht aber ain end mit dem fryen stosz.
Here they both stand in the inverted bind, about to strike and to threaten each other.				[82r] Hie stand sie bayd zu dem verkerten anbund Inn zuslahen vnd ain annder Nöten.
Still, thus this one means to give the strong to his weak; closely mark his struggle. In the "Bochen" (guard) thus each willingly binds the other loose, so that he comes at him behind the the shield and makes him defenseless.				[82v] Doch so wyl der geben die schweche In die sterckin och sin arbait daby merckt. In dem bochen so bend yeglicher den andern gern losz vnd das er Im kem hinder den Schilt vnd machte In wörlouss.
Here he achieves the strong to his weak and may thrust or wrench. This has lost his strength and gets pulled down.				[83r] Hie hatt er die schwechin volbracht In die sterckin vnd mag stossen oder Rysen. Da hett der die sterckin verlorn vnd wirt nyder geryssen.
Here the piece is completed to the finish, just as it was described before.				[83v] Hie ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben statt zum end.
Now allow yourself the plight and go under his weakness and hook him by the foot and wrench. Again, from this bind, another difficulty: thus he has penetrated from above.				[84r] Nun lant sich der Nöten vnd gatt vnden In die schwech vnd Nempt Im den fusz vnd Ryszt. Aber vsz dem anbinden vnd ainander Nöten So hat er den oben übertrungen.
This shows them both in the open danger-stance, from out of it one may look for and find all the advantages and charges and disarms and a lot of handsome work that one may make from it, thus one otherwise has no weapon except the shield. I await the ending.				[84v] Das sind die zwen fryen Notstend dar vsz man suchen mag und finden allen vortail vnd Innlouffen vnd werlousz machen vnd vil hüpscher arbait die man darusz machen mag so man sust dehain wer hatt denn den schilt. Ich wartt des ends.
	[31r] [No text] [37r] [No text]	[66v] der schlag zü dem risen	[113v] [No text]
			[114v] [No text]
And this one draws the blow to him and thrusts at him above the shield. I get the strike at his throat. Here he meant to bind in the "Bochen" (guard). Turn the page to find the piece completed.				[85r] Vnd hatt Im der das treffen gezuckt vnd Im oben In den Schilt gestochen. Wurd mir der schlag an sin halsz. Hie hatt wollen der anbinden vnd bochen. Ker vmb so vindestu das Stuck volbracht.
Here the piece gets completed, just as it was described before.				[85v] Hie würt das stuck volbracht als vor geschriben Statt.
This shows the shield fight at an end. God deliver us from all worry.				[86r] Da hatt das schiltfechten ain end das vnsz gott allen kumer wend.
		[68v] da let man in bar
Of the aftermath states the judge: Thus the combatant shall ward his body as avails him, within the ring or barriers; and then go out when he overcomes. So states the judge the aftermath at the barriers – that the combatant has proven himself ever-so right, if he becomes called the winner. X Talhoffer		[70r] da lit er in der bar	[10r] Von dem nach richter Item der kempffer sel wartten das im nützit an dem lib über den ring oder schrancken uß gang dann wz dar über kem: so stat der nach richter an dem schrancken der hott imß ab mit recht ob er angerüft wirt. X talhoffer
	[48r] [In a banner:] gotes dine° wil ich sin er hat behiet daz lebn min [In modern script:] Gottes diener wil ich sin, Er hat behüt das Leben min.	[73v] da danket der got

Duel Between a Man and a Woman

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen Version by Jeffrey Hull Munich Version by Mark Rector	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
	The beginning stance in which the man and wife shall fight each other. The woman is in the open stance and means to strike and has a stone in the veil weighing four or five pounds. Thus, he stands in the pit up to the waist and his club is as long as her veil is from her hand.		[122v] Da Statt Wie Man vnd Frowen mit ainander kempffen sollen vnd stand hie In dem anfanng. Da statt die frow fry vnd wyl schlahen vnd hatt ain stain In dem Sleer wigt vier oder finf pfund. So statt er In der gruben bis an die waichin vnd ist der kolb als lang als Ir der Schleer von der hand.
300x300px	Here he strikes at her foot and she hits his head.	[80r] Hie schlecht er nach dem fuoß [und sy trifft dz houpt.]
300x300px	Here he has negated her strike and caught it around his arm. Here they have completed a stroke. Now he has displaced the stroke and trapped it and will pull her to him and cause her distress.	[80v] Hie hat er den schlag ir entwert und dem arm gefangen	[123r] Hie hatt Sie ain schlag volbracht. Nun hat er den schlag versetzt vnd gefangen vnd wyl Sie zu Im ziehen vnd nötten.
300x300px	The grip at the throat. This shows him pulling her to him and throwing her under himself and he means to throttle her.	[81r] Der griff nach dem halß	[123v] Da hatt er sie zu Im gezogen vnd vnder sich geworffen vnd wyl sie würgen.
300x300px	Here she nods / neutralises the man / husband. This shows her breaking herself from him and standing under him to choke him.	[81v] hie nickt siu den man	[124r] Da hatt sie sich vsz Im gebrochen vnd vnderstatt Sie In zu wirgen.
	The neck-breaking. Here she breaks him on the back and means to choke him and pull him from the pit.	[82r] Daz halß brechen	[124v] Hie hatt sie In gebracht an den Rucken vnd wyl In wirgen vnd ziehen vsz der grub.
300x300px	Here he makes an ending play. This shows him drawing her to him and throwing her into the pit.	[82v] Hie macht er ain end stuck	[125r] Da hatt er sie zu Im gezuckt vnd würfft sie In die gruben.
300x300px	Here she would hammer him / deafen him, and here he be felling her. As she means to stike, thus she strides towards him, that he grasps her by the thigh and throws her to the ground.	[83r] Hie wil sy in töben und er siu sy vellen	[125v] Als sie schlahen wyl So ist sie Im zu nach Tretten das er sie ergryfft by dem schenckel vnd wirt sie fellen.
	Thus he strikes her toward the breast. She strikes the veil around his throat and means to choke him.		[126r] So schlecht er sie Für die brust. Da hatt sie Im den schlöer vmb den hals geschlagen vnd wyl In würgen.
300x300px	Here the woman / wife drives an ending play.	[83v] Hie tribt daz wib ain endsstuck
	She has him in a hold by the throat and by his equipment and means to pull him from the pit.		[126v] Da hatt sie In gefaszt by dem halsz vnd by sinem zug vnd wyl In vsz der gruben ziehen.
300x300px	Here they make an end.	[84r] Hie macht er end

Longsword

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen Version by Jeffrey Hull Munich Version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
		[2r] Hilff • got • du • ewiges • wort •• dem • leib •• hie • der • sel • dort :•: * Amen *
300x300px		[2v] [No text]
300x300px		[3r] [No text]
300x300px		[4r] [No text]
	Overhand blow. Underhand blow.			[2r] Oberhow. Vnderhow.
	Plunging blow. Changing blow.			[2v] Sturtzhow. Wechsselhow.
	Threatening with the wrathful point (thrust). Driving again the high strike.			[3r] Zorn ortt Im dröw. Aber oberhout.
	The long wrathful point (thrust). Against it is the crossed point (thrust).			[3v] Das lang Zorn ortt. Darfür ist das geschrenckt ortt.
	The free cut from above. Against it make a blow against the neck.			[4r] Der fry How von Tach. Dams das Halsfahen mach.
	Against the lower openings. Also at the lower openings.			[4v] Am vnderen blosz. ouch am vnderen blasz.
	The sword trapped by the arm.			[5r] Ain Schwert niemen.
	Applying the blade, meeting a blow with a blow.			[5v] Ain zu legen oder eekomen.
	Left against right must fence strongly.			[6r] Linck gen rechten das must Starck vechten.
	A free Strike. The scourge.			[6v] Ain fryes ortt. Das gayszlen.
	Out of the bind, push away and grab the upper arm.			[7r] Vsz dem anbinden hinvegstoszen hinter dem Elbogen vassen.
	With the open Point step forward and stomp in the belly.			[7v] Mit dem fryen ortt Inlouffen vnd Tretten In den buch.
	Two overhead points (thrusts).			[8r] Zwey ober ortt.
	The two lower openings.			[8v] Die zwo vnderen blosz.
	Withdrawing the blade. (Taking a defensive guard).			[9r] Das wegbinden oder Hinder binden.
	The close against the Iron door. The Iron door (strike).			[9v] Das gryffen über die Iszny Portt. Die yszni Port.
	Fake (feint) an overhead cut and then slash at his arm.			[10r] Den Oberhaw erliegen vnd In die arm slahen.
	He drives forward into the crossed point (Stab). He hews from above.			[10v] Der das geschrenckt ortt macht. Der hout von tach.
	The quick curved strike. Turning the point against it.	[4v] [No text]		[11r] Krum vff behend das ort wider wend.
	Here the curved strike was successful.			[11v] Hie ist die krum volbracht.
	He attacks the lower targets. He cuts against it from above.			[12r] Der gryfft nach der vnderen blosz der schnit von oben daryn.
	The fight in the war.			[12v] Die arbeit Im krieg.
	The crossed weak. He stands in guard.			[13r] Die geschrenckt schwechin. Der stat in der Hut.
	A sudden attack.			[13v] Ain überfallen.
	Both stand in the guard.			[14r] Stand beid In der Hut.
	Step forward with the sword and soundly with a quick clenching trap the sword.			[14v] Ain gewauppet Infallen vnd swert niemen.
	This one stands in an open guard. The cut to the left over the guard.			[15r] Der staut fry Im ort. Der hout linck über das ort.
	From the overhand cut drop forward into the ready point.			[15v] Vsz dem oberhow geuallen In das gewauppet ort.
	From the bind, grapple and throw.			[16r] Vsz den anbinden übergryffen vnd werfen.
	From the bind, move again and trap with force (clench fight).			[16v] Vsz den anbinden uber ain vahen mit gewalt.
	From the bind, fall forward (fall outward) into a downward thrust.			[17r] Vsz den anbinden geuallen In die vndere ort.
	From the Bind, thrust away with the elbows.			[17v] Vsz dem anbinden stossen hinweg by den Elbogen.
	The "Murder-stroke."			[18r] Der mortschlag.
	The throw from the "Murder-stroke."			[18v] Der wurff vsz dem ortschlag.
	From the open cut, fall into the half-sword position.			[19r] Vsz dem fryen How geuallen In das gewauppet ort.
	From the Glancing strike position, fall forward into a half-sword thrust.			[19v] Vsz dem schilher geuallen In das gewauppet ort.
	Out of the thunder strike, a throw. Out of the thunder strike, a wrench (with the quillons).			[20r] Vsz dem Tunrschlag Ain werffen. Vsz dem dunrschlag ain Ryszen.
300x300px	The forsetting, ripping and face-punching. After the wrench, the thrust into the face.		[90v] Die versatzung zer ryssen und daz antlut stossen	[20v] Nach dem Ryszen der stos In das antlitz.
	A danger-stance for the stab above and below.			[22v] Ain Notstand für den Stich oben vnd vnden.
	A stab to the foot.			[24r] Ain Hefften In fus.
	Out of the bind a wrench (with the quillons) to the hollow of the knee.			[24v] Vom anbinden ain Hyszen by der knüw kelen.
	Fake (false attack, feint) a murderstrike (attack with the grip) and forcefully strike to the thigh.			[25r] Den mordstraich erlogen vnd schlahen In den schenckel.
	From the bind, a wrench to the throat.			[25v] Vsz dem anbinden ain Halssryszen.
	Grip trapping the enemy sword.			[26v] Ain Schwert niemen.
	The sword exchange. (You will take the opposing sword.)			[27r] Schwert wechszlen.
300x300px	The morte-strike/murder-strike is forset. Here the Murder strike is parried, and he twists against the throat.		[87v] Der morttschlag ist versetzt	[28r] Hie ist der mordtstraich versetzt vnd ryszt In by dem Hals.
300x300px	The back-throw. After ungripping the sword, throw both away from you and end it.		[90r] Der ruggen wurff	[29r] Vsz dem swert vassen so würffs baide von dir vnd vollend.
	From the "Murder-stroke," this one turns away.			[29v] Vom dem mordtstraich das vmb keren.
	The break (defense) against the turn-away.			[30r] Der Bruch über das vmkern.
	He stands ready against stab and strike. He stands inversely ready stab and strike.			[32r] Der staut für stich vnd Straich. Der staut verkert für Stich vnd Streich.
	Again, a sword seizure.			[32v] Aber ain schwert niemen.
	He will strike. A charge in.			[33r] Der will schlahenn. Ain Inlouffen.
	After the charge-in, the throw. (Wrestle)			[33v] Vsz dem Inlouffen der wurff.
	The throw is accomplished.			[34r] Der wurff Ist volbracht.
	Stance against the thrust and wrenching the arm.	[59r] [No text]		[34v] Für den stich vnd rysen In Arm.
	Step forward and thrust in the face.			[35r] Vnd mit fürtretten vnd stossen In das antlitz.

Armored Fencing Introduction

Draft Translation Vienna version by Brian Hunt Munich version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1450s) by Brian Hunt	Königseggwald Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
	[49r] [Ribbon:] Ritter • sant • Jörg • nu • won • mir • bey • vnd • • mach • mich • aller • sorgen • frey Amen :•	[1v] [No text]	[2v] [No text]	[15r] [Ribbon:] hilf • got • du • ebiges • wort • dem leib • hie • de • sel • [rest truncated]
This is the first instruction therein one may learn to proceed (from) and is exceptional for one to begin from above and is also good for strikes. This is the second stance in the advantage.	[53r] [No text] (right figure)	[2r] Das ist die erst anlaitung dar Inn man ain lert gan vnd besunder die ober nach dem stand vnd ist auch gut für stechen. Das ist der ander stand Im furtell.	[3r] Das ist die erst anlaittu~g darin man ain lert gan vnd besunder die ober nach dem stand vnd ist auch gu°t für stechen Das ist der ander stand Im fiertell	[15v] die zu°n ersten stend ain fu°r stechen den andern fu°r hawen
This is the second instruction (to go) from below to above. This is the upper displacement and in the second instruction. A danger-stance for the stab above and below.	[50r-51r] [No text]	[2v] Das ist die ander anlaitung von vnden uff. Das ist die ober versatzung vnd in der andern anlaittung.	[4r] Das ist die ander an laittu~g von vnda vff Das ist die ober v°satzu~g vnd in der andern anlaittu~g	[9r] die ersten züo anlaitung	[22v] Ain Notstand für den Stich oben vnd vnden.
This is the third instruction and the correct stance in which to wait Here is the instruction and the position for the fourth stance.	[52r] [No text] (right figure)	[3r] Das ist die drytt anlaittung vnd der recht stand in der ru. Hie ist der anlaitt vnd stat In dem vierden stand.	[5r] Das ist die drÿt anlaittu~g vnd der recht stand in der Ru° Hie ist der anlaitt vnd stãt in dem vierden stand	[19r] die andern zuo
Here he has the sword and the spear in his hands and (he is) positioned for a throw (throw can also be thrust).		[3v] Hie hat er schwerdt vnd spiessz in den henden vnd stat für schiessen	[5v] Hie haut er schwert vnd spüß in den henden vnd staut für schiessen	[19v] ain stand fu°r schiesen
This is the second stance for a throw.	[57r] [No text] (facing an opponent)	[4r] Das ist der ander stand für schiessen.	[6r] Das ist der ander stand für schüssen	[10r] der ander stand fu°r schieschen
This is the instruction for the middle (stance).		[4v] Das ist der Mittell anlaittung.	[6v] Das ist die mÿttell anlaittu~g	[10v] die züo miteln anlait
He stands in his guard.		[5r] Der stat in seiner hut.	[7r] Der staut in siner hu°t	[11r] [No text]
He stands in the lower displacement.		[5v] Der stat in der Nidern versatzung.	[7v] Der stat in der nÿdern v°satzu~g	[11v] die wnder versatzung fu°r den schlag
The strike towards the foot.		[6r] Der schlecht im nach seim fusz.	[8r] Der schlechtt im nach seim fu°ß	[12r] [No text]
Here he leads the murder strike.		[6v] Da fürt er dem mort schlag.	[8v] Da fürt er den mordschlag	[12v] [No text]
Here he will defend himself from a strike.	[52r] [No text]	[7r] Da will er den straich weren.	[9r] Da will er den straich weren	[13r] die ober versatzung fu°r den schlag

Equipment

Images	Draft Translation Vienna Version by Brian Hunt Copenhagen Version by Jeffrey Hull Munich Version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann
			[37r] das ist wie sich ainer versorgen sol der zu° gewapeter hand fechten sol
200px		[54r] [No text]	[62v] das send die gewer
	Varieties of specialised dueling longswords / bastard-swords: For the harness Yet also for any armoured dueling And versus pavises.			[107v] zu dem harnasch och gewapnet zum langen schilt
	Some more varieties of specialised dueling longswords / bastard-swords: Versus pavises Twain “sword-horns” for armoured dueling			[108r] zuo dem schilt die zwen ?swerthörne zu dem kampf gewapnet
	The three daggers for dueling – dagger in sheath replete with throwing-blades and a spike.			[108v] die dri degen zu dem kampff
	These weapons break armament & armour, truly as one wills: A double-gaff, a spear and a corseque.			[109r] Die gwer bruch war zuo man wil
	These pollaxes / luzern-hammers / ravens-beaks are for dueling.			[109v] Die agsten zu dem kampff
	This is a modularly and optionally assembled pollaxe for the duel, with which one lays low his foe by stabbing thus it serves also like spear and/or gaff… This axe is assembled and ready for dueling.			[110r] dis ist ain agst zu dem kampff legt man zu stichen die agst zu dem kampff

Armored Fencing

Images	Draft Translation Vienna version by Brian Hunt Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull Munich version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1450s) by Brian Hunt	Königseggwald Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
	Here Hans Talhoffer prepares Lwtold von Küngsegg.		[7v] Hie legt hans talhoffer lwtold von küngsegg an.	[9v] Hie leÿt hans talhofer lw¨told von küngs egg an	[13v] da let man in an
	Here he goes into the list and he walks with Talhoffer, the witness is in the lead. The commencement of the armoured duel. Here they are in the lists. This one carries his equipment before him.	[56r] [No text]	[8r] Hie gat er In den schranck vnd tregt Im der talhoffer den zeüg vor.	[10r] Hie gaut er in den schranck vnd treit Im der talhofer den zw¨g vor	[14r] da gat er in den schranken vñ dret man im den zu°g for etc	[84v] Der anfang des kampfs	[35v] Hie gat er In den schrancken. Der tregt Im sin Zug vor.
300x300px	Here sits Lwtold von Kungsegg. And there is his opponent. Here both knights be sitting. Here they both sit in the lists and await the commencement and each has his litter behind him and his attendant before him.	[55r] [No text] (similar)	[8v] Da siczt Lwtold von Kungsegg. [9r] Vnd da sein wider sach.	[10v] Da sitzt lw¨told von küngs egg [11r] Vnd da sein wider sach	[14v] [No text] [5r] da sitzen sie gen ain ander hinder den schirmen	[85r] Hie sitzend sy bed	[36r] Hie sitzent sie beid Im, schrancken vnd wartent des anlas vnd hat yeder sin bär hinder Im und sin grieswarten vor Im.
300x300px	Here he will throw. Here he uses a cover. The stance countering the hurl. Here they begin and they stand in their guards against the throw (of the spear). This one means to throw the spear.		[9v] Der will schiessen. [10r] Da wert er den schutzs.	[11v] Der will schüssen [12r] Da wert er den schutzs	[5v]' der will schiechsen '[20r] der stat fu°r den schutz	[85v] Der stand für den schutz	[36v] (similar) Hie sint sie angelauszen vnd stat der in der versatzung für den schütz. Der will schiessen mit dem spies.
300x300px	Here the first hurl is forset… This one throws. The throw is displaced.					[86r] Hie ist der schutz versetzt	[37r] Der hat geschossen. Der schusz ist versetzt.
300x300px	There he has a cover against a strike. There he runs on in. …And here the second hurl is forset.	[58r] [No text]	[10v] Da hat er den schusz vsz geschlagen. [11r] Da lauffte er In an.	[12v] Da haut er den schutz vß geschlagen [13r] Da laufft er in an	[20v] der hat den schutz vss geschlagen [6r] der wil nach dem schutz in lofen	[86v] Der ander schutz versetzt
	The displacement against the cut. The charge-in with the "Murder-stroke."						[37v] Das versetzen für den schlag. Der anlouff mit dem Mordtschlag.
300x300px	The rushing with longswords after the spear-hurls. Trying again. He means to strike and wrench.	[63r] [No text]				[87r] Daz anlouffen nach dem schutz	[27v] Aber ain suchen. Der wil stossen vnd Ryszen.
	There they have arrived at their work (close combat) and seek to turn any opening to their advantage. The fire-poker/branding-iron, thus the half-sword. Into the bind (engagement) with shortened sword.	[60r] [No text]	[11v] Da sind sy zemen kumen In die arbait vnd sucht yetlicher die blösz uff sein vortaill.	[13v] Da sind sÿ zemen kum~en in die arbait vnd su°cht ÿetliche~ die blöß vff sin vortaill	[6v] das an binden	[88r] Daz brendschürn	[21r] Bas brentschirn. Oder das anbinden Im kurtzen Schwert.
300x300px	The sword-taking from binding at fire-pokers. Out of the bind in the shortened sword.				[3r] das recht werlos machen	[88v] Daz schwert nymen	[21v] Vsz dem anbinden Im kurtzen schwert
					[3v] das beschliesen
200px		[62r] [No text]
					[18r] der irgang
		[64r] [No text]			[18v] das hin helfen dem mort schlag
	This is a seizure to the neck and a throw. Step forward and throw over the thigh.		[12r] Das ist das fauchen vmb den hals vnd werffen.	[14r] Das ist das fauchen vmb den hals vnd werffen	[24r] das risen vm den hals		[38v] (similar) Vnd fürtreten vnd werffen über den schenckel.
	There positioned in the press. Crowding into the fight.	[65r] [No text]	[12v] Da stands im getrang.	[14v] Da stãnds im getrang	[24v] in dem gedrang		[23r] Ain gedreng darus Arbaiten.
	The thrust (to the) inside (of) the gauntlet. A stab to the wrist.		[13r] Das furen bey dem hantschuch.	[15r] Das füren bÿ dem hentschoch	[25r] das fu°ren vss dem krais		[23v] Ain hefften In Hentschuch.
	The sword is taken.		[13v] Das schwert nemen.	[15v] Das schwert niemen	[25v] das schwert niemen
	Here he has set aside the strike.		[14r] Hie hat er den schlag verseczt.	[16r] Hie haut er den schlag v°setzt	[26r] duÿ versatzung fu°r den schlag vñ das risen vm~ den hals
	Here he has parried and winds in with a thrust into the visor. The morte-strike/murder-strike is forset. Here the Murder strike is parried, and he twists against the throat.		[14v] Da hat er verseczt vnd went Im den spiecz In das visier.	[16v] Da haut er v°setzt vnd went im de~ spitz inß visier	[26v] du°y versatzung fu°r den schlag vñ mit dem spitz in das fisir	[87v] Der morttschlag ist versetzt	[28r] Hie ist der mordtstraich versetzt vnd ryszt In by dem Hals.
					[17r] das risen mit dem heltz
					[17v] der stos zu° den gemechten vñ der zar dar vff
					[21r] der ver stolen schlag zü dem end
					[21v] der wrf ver borgen
					[22r] das hend leme~ pg [?]
					[22v] duÿ luter ver satzung
300x300px	Out of the morte-strike into the jugular-stab. After the Fire Poker a lock in with the arm.	[61r] [No text]				[89r] uß dem morttschlag den gurgelstoß	[28v] Vsz dem brentschiren ain ynschlieszenn.
300x300px	The leaning. From the "Fire Poker," a lean with the elbow.					[89v] Das lemen	[22r] Vsz dem brentschüren ein leinen vff den Elbogen.
300x300px	The neck-strike. After backing off the murderstrike, strike again and wrench (with the quillons)				[2r] das zeren nach dem schlag	[91r] Der hallß Schlag	[30v] Vsz dem Mordtstreich von Im louffen vnd stoszen vnd wider schlahen vnd ryszen.
					[2v] vss der luter versatzung das in brechen
300x300px	An ending play.					[91v] ain ander stuck
	There he slips through and wants to take the sword. Here they have attacked their swords.	[66r] [No text]	[15r] Da schlwfft er durch vnd will das schwert nemen.	[17r] Da schlw¨fft er durch vnd wil das schwert niemen	[27r] da hand sy ain ander die schwert er grifen		[26r] Hie hand sie die swert begriffen.
	This is the defense (counter). Attack and counter. From the sword seizure, slide (the blade) across.	[67r] [No text]	[15v] Das ist der Bruch.	[17v] Das ist der bruch	[27v] stuk vnd bruch	[92r] Stuck und bruch	[31r] Vsz dem swert begryffen durch schlupffen.
	Here is he in the act of entering the legs and he wants him to bend down. Locking then throwing down out of fire-poker… From the "Fire Poker," lock-up and throw.	[68r] [No text]	[16r] Hie ist er Im Ingeschossen vnd will In nider wegen.	[18r] Hie ist er im In geschossen vnd will in nÿder wegen	[4r] das in schiesen zu° dem wrf	[92v] Daz under werffen uß den brend schürn	[31v] Vsz den brentschürn ain schlieszen vnd werffen.
	Here he searches for an opening with the dagger.	[70r] [No text]	[16v] Da sucht er In mit dem tegen.	[18v] Da su°cht er in mit dem tegen	[4v] das su°chen nach dem wrf
	Here they lay and either (one of them) seeks for his advantage.	[69r] [No text]	[17r] Da ligend sy vnd sucht yetlicher sein vortaill	[19r] Da ligent sÿ vnd su°cht ÿetlicher sein vortall	[16r] das vff stan vnder dem man
	There he has seized him from above and jerks him up.		[17v] Da hat er In vbergriffen vnd zuckt In uff.	[19v] Da haut er in v¨ber grüffen vnd zuckt in vff	[16v] das u°ber grifen
	There he throws him down.		[18r] Da wirfft er In nider.	[20r] Da wirff er in nÿder	[8r] den letzsten wrf(f)
	There he breaks into the helmet.	[71r] [No text]	[18v] Da bricht er Im die huben uff.	[20v] Da bricht er im die huben vff	[8v] da bricht er im die huben vff
	Here he has stabbed him to death on the inside (of the helmet). …Which at last is ended by dagger-stab.		[19r] Hie hat er In erstochn.	[21r] Hie haut er in erstochen	[7r] da hat er in er stochen	[93r] und daz selbig end am letsten
	There he has stood up and looks to see if he still moves.		[19v] Da ist er uff gestanden und lugt ob er sich noch reg.	[21v] Da ist er vff gestanden vnd lu°get ob er sich noch reg	[7v] da ist es volbracht dar vm er hie ist
	They undress one.		[20r] Da zwcht man ab.	[22r] Da zw¨cht man ab	[23r] da zu°cht man den doten ab
	They lay one into his baur (coffin). …Whom they carry away to the freedom of the grave that God has for all worthy souls. Amen.	[71v] [No text] (similar)	[20v] Da leyt man In die baur.	[22v] Da leÿt man in die baur	[23v] da let man in die bar	[94r] Daz tragent in die fryheit hin weg inß grab / Daz got alle gelöbig selen hab amen
300x300px	Here he thanks God. And here the winner thanks God; as he had great need; and there lies the loser dead…	[72r] [No text] [Ribbon:] Gotes dyener wil ich sein vnd maria der Jungfrawe fr [?] rein Sie haben behut dz leben mein :~:~	[21r] Da tancket er gott.	[23r] Da tancket er got [Ribbon:] Gottes diener will ich sein Er haut behüt das leben mein •:• lw¨told von küngs egg	[1r] h°e dankt der got [Ribbon:] herr • got • du • hast • geholfe~ • mir • dar • vm~ • so • wil • ich • dancke~ • dir	[93v] Hie dancket er got [Mair: und hat groß noth] Da lyt er tod
	Here stands Lwtold von Kungsegg and hands over the sword to Talhoffer.		[22r] Hie stat Lwtold von Kungsegg vnd bwt Im der talhoffer das schwert.	[24r] Hie stat lw¨told von küngs egg vnd bw¨t im der talhoffer das schwert

Pole Weapons

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull Munich version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
	This one first binds with the axe.	[72v] [No text]		[41r] Das erst anbinden mit der axst.
	From the bind, he turns the axe around.			[41v] Vsz dem anbinden Hat er In werlousz gemacht.
300x300px	Forsetting the strike and stop-thrusting to the heart.		[71v] Den slag versetzen und hertz abstossen
300x300px	Forsetting foe’s thrust and thrusting to the foe.		[72r] Den stich versetzen und in er stechen
300x300px	The break and throw. The false stroke is displaced and wrenched from out of it.	[76r] [No text]	[72v] Den bruch und wurff	[43r] Der erlogen straich versetzet vnd darns geryssen.
	As they both strike from above, out of the bind thus he traps him about the throat and wrenches him.			[43v] Als sie baid geschlagen hand von tach vsz dem anbinden so felt er Im vmb den Hals vnd ryszt In.
300x300px	The neck-wrenching.	[75r] [No text]	[73r] Daz hallß ryssen
300x300px	The needed stance countering the strike. This one means to strike from the open guard. This one means to bind him behind and make him turn and help away his blow.		[73v] Der nott stand fur den slag	[42r] Der will fry schlahen. Der will In hinder binden vnd In werlousz machen vnd sin schlag hinweg helffen.
	Here he helps away the blow, and the piece is completed.			[42v] Hie hat er dem schlag hinweg geholffen, vnd ist das stuck volbraucht.
300x300px	The play achieved.		[74r] Stuck verbracht
300x300px	Catching the armament.		[74v] Daz gwer sachen
	In the wrench, he steps forward and seizes him about the neck and throws him over the hip.			[44r] In dem Ryszen dritt der hinach vnd ergrifft In by dem Hals vnnd wurfft In über die Hüfften.
	From the bind they fall to wrestling, and he throws him with the "Knave-throw."			[44v] Vsz dem anbinden sint sie zu Ringen komen vnd hat In vsz dem buben wurff geworffen.
	From the open stroke and bind he grapples him, and means to throw him.			[45r] Vsz dem fryen schlag vnd anbinden hat er In übergriffen, vnd will In werffen.
	This one strikes. Here he has displaced that one with the shaft and means to fight			[45v] Der hat geslagen. Hie versetzt der mit dem schafft vnd will arbeiten.
	Here he steps forward and completes the piece.			[46r] Hie ist er furtreten vnd das stuck volbracht.
	This one strikes towards the feet. This one displaces the strike and means to fight further.			[46v] Der hat geschlagen dem nach den füszen. Der hat den schlag versetzt vnd will wyter arbaiten.
	From the displacement, he strikes him in the neck and means to wrench him.			[47r] Vsz der versatzung schlecht er In an Hals vnd will Ryszen.
	Here this one displaces the thrust and strikes him about the neck and means to wrench him. This one thrusts.			[47v] Hie hat der den stich versetzt vnd schlecht In vmb den Hals vnd will ryszen. Der hat gestochen.
	Here this one breaks and they wrench themselves about the axe.			[48r] Hie macht der den bruch vnd ryszen sie sich vmb die agst.
	This is the finished piece and he throws him over the thigh.			[48v] Da ist das stuck volbracht vnd würfft In über den schenckel.
	From the bind, he traps him behind the elbow with the axe and shoves him away.			[49r] Vsz den anbinden felt er Im mit der agst hinder den Elbogen vnd schubt In hinweg.
	This one overturns him completely and then breaks against the forementioned piece.			[49v] Da lat er sich gar vmb kern vnd macht den bruch über das vorgenant stuck.
	A new beginning. Here, this one threatens with thrust and cut.		[131r] [No text] (similar)	[50r] Aber ain anlasz. Hie will der den nöten mit stichen vnd schlahen.
	Here this one displaces the stab and means to wrench him.			[50v] Hie hat der den stich versetzt vnd will ryszen.
	A bind-behind.			[51r] Ain Hinderbinden.
	This one awaits the strokes from above. This one means to strike with might.		[131v] [No text]	[51v] Der wartet des schlags von Tach. Der wyl mit macht Schlahen.
	Here this one displaces the stroke and thrusts him away from himself. This one gives his strong to my weak and thrusts me away from him.			[52r] Hie hat der den schlag versetzt vnd stotzt In von Im. Der hat mir Tschwech In Sterck geben vnd mich von Im gestossen.
	Here I am at a disadvantage. As he thrusts at him, thus he strikes the axe at his neck and then throws him on his back.			[52v] Hie hin ich von mynem vortail Komen. Als er In gestossen hatt so schlecht er Im die agst an Halsz vnd würfft In an den Rucken.
300x300px	The ending play with the longsword countering the halberd.		[76v] Daz end stuck mit dem schwert für die hellen barten
300x300px	The ending play with the bastard-sword countering the halberd.		[77v] Daz endstuck mit dem messer für die hellen bartten

Armored Pole Weapons

Images	Draft Translation Munich version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Jeffrey Hull	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
200px		[73r] [No text]
200px		[73v] [No text]
200px		[74r] [No text]
200px		[74v] [No text]
200px		[75v] [No text]
			[132r] [No text]
			[132v] [No text]
			[133r] [No text]
			[133v] [No text]
			[134r] [No text]
			[134v] [No text]
			[135r] [No text]
			[135v] [No text]
	Here he makes an end to the piece with him and stabs him to death.		[136r] [No text]	[53r] Hie machet er ain endstuck mit Im vnd Sticht In zu tod.
			[136v] [No text]
			[137r] [No text]
			[137v] [No text]

Dagger

Images	Draft Translation Vienna version by Brian Hunt Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull Munich version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1450s) by Brian Hunt	Königseggwald Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
	Here Lwtold von Kungsegg pays attention to instructions on the dagger from Master Hannsen Talhoffer.		[22v] Hie vacht Lwtold von Kungsegg an ze leren In dem tegen von maister hannsen taloffer.	[24r] Hie vachtt lw¨told von küngs egg an zelernen indem tegen von maister hanssen talhoffer	[34r] hie gat duÿ ler an mit dem degen
	~~The stance in the lower guard and the third thrust~~ This is the thrust from above and the first one. This is the inside thrust and the second one. The weaving-stab and the counter for that. Here seize upon the dagger, God willing we all take care. This one means to stike downwards from above. Thus he goes from beneath with the displacement and means to break to him.	[81r, 101v] [No text] (similar)	[23r] ~~Der stat in der vndern hut vn dem dritten stich~~ Das ist der ober stich vnd der erst. Das ist der ebich stich vnd der ander.	[25r] Das ist der ober stich vnd der erst Das ist der eppich stich vnd der ander	[34v] der stich vnd der stand dar fu°r etc	[69r] Der wabet stich und bruch dar für	[86v] (right pair) Hie vacht an der Tegen, gott der wöll vnser aller pflegen. Der wyl obnen Nyder Stechen. So gatt der vnden vff mit versatzung vnd wyls im Brechen.
	He stands in the lower guard in the third thrust. This is the preparation for the fourth thrust.	[85v] [No text]	[23v] Der stat in der vndern hut In dem dritten stich. Das ist der viert stich gewappet.	[25v] Der staut inder vndren hu°t indem drÿtten stÿch Das ist der viert stÿch gewappet	[35r] der ander stich vnd der stand dar fu°r von dem stich kumend zuay ver kertn rangen
200px		[85r] [No text]
200px		[82v, 83v] [No text]
200px		[84v] [No text]
	Here he has responded to the thrust and will punch him in the mouth with his fist.	[99r] [No text] (similar)	[24r] Der hat Im den stich entwert vnd will Im mit der fawst In das mawl stossen.	[26r] Da haut er im den stich entwertt vnd will in mit der funst inß mull stosen	[35v] der bruch fu°r den stich etc
	Here he has set aside (?) the dagger and winds it from his hand. For foe’s over-stab with the dagger when you are unarmed – catch his arm with your left arm…	[99v] [No text] (similar)	[24v] Hie hat er verseczt awn (?) den tegen vnd wirgt In Im ausz.	[24v] Hie haut er v°setzt añ den tegen vnd ^wirgtt in Im vß	[36r] da hat er den stich gewent vnd grift nach im	[61r] Für den obern stich Mit dem linggen arme
	~~Here he has parried into the scissors~~ There he has waited for the lower thrust and wants to wind the arm onto his shoulder. Ward the under-stab and then arm-break.	[93v] [No text] (similar)	[25r] ~~Hie hat er verseczt Im die schäre~~ Da hat er Im gewert den vndern stich vnd wil Im wirgen den arm uff die achsell.	[26v] Da haut der im gewertt den vndern stich vnd will im wirgen den arm vff die achsell	[36v] der bruch fu°r den vnder stich P	[63r] Den undern stich weren und den arm brechen
200px		[94r] [No text]
	There he has parried the thrust and ~~throw in from in the~~ throws him over his foot.		[25v] Da hat er im den stich verseczt vnd ~~wirgt In von Im~~ wirfft In vber den fusz.	[27r] Da haut er Im den stich v°setzt vnd wirfft in v¨ber den fu°ß	[50r] der bruch vnd der wrff
	Here he has parried him in the scissors (with crossed arms).		[26r] Da hat er verseczt in die schäre.	[27v] Da haut er v°setztt in der schärr	[50v] die scher in degen
200px		[98r] [No text]
200px		[98v] [No text]
	There he has parried the thrust and turns him by it (the thrust).	[100r] [No text]	[26v] Da hat er Im den stich verseczt vnd wirgt In von Im.	[28r] Da haut er Im den stich v°setztt vnd wirggtt in von Im	[49r] der grif in den elenbogen
	The throw onto the back and the arm break. …And then grabbing it with both hands you twist it to arm-break.		[27r] Das werffen an den ruggen vnd das arm brechen.	[28v] Das werffen an den ruggen vnd das arm brechen	[49v] das arm brechen	[61v] Der arm bruch (similar)
300px	Inverted throwing versus over-stab.	[88v, 100v] [No text] (similar)				[62r] Daz verkertt werffen
200px		[89r] [No text]
	Here he has reversed it and will throw him onto his head.		[27v] Hie hat er In verkert vnd wirfft In uff den kopff.	[29r] Hie haut er in v°kert vnd wirfft in vff den kopff	[46r] das durch grifen
	Thrust and break. (Attack and defense) Again, against the thrust-over, throw the right arm upwards and trap his thrust away from it and grasp with the left hand at his elbow and press him away from you and down in front of you.		[28r] Stuck vnd bruch.	[29v] Stuck vnd bruch	[46v] stuk vnd bruch zu°fach		[91r] Aber für den obern stich würff den Rechten Arm vff vnd fach sin stich daruff vnd gryff mit der lincken hand In sin Elbogen vnd truck In von dir für sich Nyder.
	In the break, turn completely around and throw him over the hip.						Der bruch ker dich gar vmb vnd würff In über die huffen.
		[101r] [No text]
	Throwing in the dagger. Throwing the foe who over-stabs with his dagger.		[28v] Das werffen Im tegen.	[30r] Das werffen im tegen	[47r] das werfen P	[62v] Den man zu werffen mit dem tegen (similar)
200px		[94v] [No text]
200px		[95r] [No text]
200px		[95v] [No text]
200px		[84r] [No text]
	This one makes an inverted bind and means to grapple him. This one thrusts over therein.						[94v] Der hatt den äbich angebunden vnd wyl In übergryffen. Der hatt gestochen Oben hinyn.
	Here he grapples him and then completes the hold. As this one thrusts.						Hie hatt er In übergryffen vnd den beschlusz volbracht Als der gestochen hatt.
200px		[81v] [No text]
200px		[82r] [No text]
	The upper shield to take the dagger. The over-shield countering the over-stab. The "upper shield" against the stab. This one stabs openly from above.	[86r] [No text]	[29r] Der ober schilt zu dem tegen nemen.	[30v] Der ober schiltt zu° dem tegen niemen	[47v] der schilt im degen P	[64v] Der ober schilt	[87r] (left pair) Der ober schilt für den Stich. Der Stich fry von Tach.
200px		[86v] [No text]
200px		[87r] [No text]
200px		[87v] [No text]
	The point against the point and the dagger is taken. Taking, with one’s own dagger, the dagger of someone who over-stabs. This one stabs from above. This one displaces with one hand and turns the dagger away from him.	[83r] [No text]	[29v] Punt wider punt vnd den tegen nemen.	[31r] Punt wider punt vnd den tegen niemen	[40r] das degen nemen mit ainer hand etc	[64r] Den tegen ainem Nymen mit sim tegen	[86v] (similar) (left pair) Der hatt gestochen von dach. Der hatt versetzt mit ainer hand vnd hatt den Tegen von im gewandt.
300px	The play is achieved that counters over-stab. As this one thrusts from above to below, thus he goes with the right arm and grasps him with the left hand upon his elbow and presses him away from him, thus he turns him over and throws him over the back.					[69v] Stuck ist volbracht	[89v] (left pair) Als der obnen Nyder hatt gestochen so ist er vff gangen mit dem rechten arm vnd grifft Im mit dem lincken Hand In sin Elbogen vnd Truckt In von Im so kert sich der gar vmh vnd würfft In über Rucken.
300px	The throw over the back to counter the counter to the over-stab. Afterwards, here is the piece and break accomplished.					[67v] Der wurff ubern ruggen	[89v] (right pair) Hie ist volbracht stuck vnd bruch zwinach.
	Here is the arm break, just as it was described before.	[93r] [No text]					[92v] Hie ist der armbruch wie vor geschriben stat.
	Again, an open stance with the "shield" against the stab from above or below.						Aber ain fryer stand mit dem schilt für den obern stich oder für den vndern.
	The cross-over and the throw.	[92r] [No text]	[30r] Das uber schrencken vnd werfen.	[31v] Das v¨ber schrencken vnd werffen	[40v] das wiber grifen
200px		[92v] [No text]
	Here he displaces with the "Shear" and may thrust him away with whichever hand he wants. This one completes his stab.						[95r] Hie hat er versetzt mit der schär vnd mag In hinweg Stossen mit welicher hand er wyl. Der hatt sin stich volbracht.
	This one stands in the open "Hat." Thus, this one holds himself in the "Doubtful Thrust" and has the dagger behind his back and may stab with whichever hand he wants.						Der statt in der fryen hutt. So halt sich der Im zwiffelstich vnd hat den Tegen vff dem Rucken vnd mag stechen mit welicher hand er wyl.
	The lower shield (on the left side) against the lower thrust (on the right side). The under-shield that counters under-stab. Thus, this one makes the "lower shield" with the thrust. This one stabs at him from below.		[30v] Der vnder schilt fur den vndern stich.	[32r] Der vnder schiltt für den vndern stich	[39r] der vnder schilt	[70r] Der under schilt	[87r] (right pair) So macht der den vndern Schilt mit ain stossz. Der Sticht vnden zu dem.
	Thus this one displaces with his left arm and grapples from above and grasps under him below his thigh and throws him. This one thrusts over therein with strength and executes an open stab.						[95v] So hatt der versetzt mit sinem lincken arm vnd hatt In oben übergryffen vnd hatt Im vnder Sinem schenckel vndergryffen vnd wirt In werffen. Der hatt gestochen oben Inn mit macht vnd ain fryen Stich volfürt.
	The master has himself overseen these and both of them are of a piece.						Der Maister hatt sich über senhen (?) vnd ist bayde ain stuck.
300px	The morte-stab / murder-stab achieved by catching, locking and striking. Against the stab from above, throw the left arm behind and sieze his stab from the left arm and strike or slash with the dagger. As I thrust, thus he is breaking to me.					[70v] Der mortt stich	[87v] (left pair) (similar) Für den obern stich so würff din lincken arm vff vnd fach sin Stich vff den lincken arm vnd macht mit dinem Tegen stechen oder slahen. Als Ich hon gestochen, So ist es mir gebrochen.
300px	Throwing the foe who over-stabs. Again, against the stab from above, throw the left arm forth with the dagger near his arm and throw him away from you. The breaks did not protect him and this one’s stab has succeeded.					[63v] Den man für zu werffen	[87v] (right pair) (with two daggers) Aber für den obern Stich würff den linken Arm für vnd mit dem Tegen vmb sin arm vnd würff In von dir. Der hatt sin stich volbracht vnd des bruchs nit gedacht.
	This ‘closes around’ (encloses) the arm. As this one has made the "shield."	[88r] [No text] (similar)	[31r] Das schlüssen umb den arm.	[32v] Ain schlüssen vmb den arm	[39v] das arm wirgen		[93r] (left image matches others) Als der den schilt hat gemacht
	Thus this one then twists the stab-over and thrusts the dagger with the handle between his arms against the "shield" and throws him away from himself. He accomplishes the same piece.						So hatt der den obern stich verwent vnd Stotzt den tegen mit dem hefft zwüschen sinen arm über den schilt vnd würft In von Im. Da Verbringt er dasselb Stuck.
	The capture of the dagger and the taking. The catching, thus the scissors – for countering over-stab…	[89v] [No text] (similar)	[31v] Das fachen Im tegen vnd das füren.	[33r] Das fachen im tegen vnd das füren	[42r] das vachen	[66v] Das fahen
	The break (defense) against the taking.	[90r] [No text]	[32r] Der bruch uber das füren.	[33v] Der bruch v¨ber das füren	[42v] der bruch fu°r das beschliese[n]
	This one then traps out of the "Shear." This one brings the "Shear."						[93v] Der hatt den gefangen vsz der schäre. Der bringt dem die Schäre.
	Thus this one also finishes off with the "Shear" around the throat. Thus this one makes a break and throws him.	[90v]					So hatt och der den beschlossen mit der schäre vmb den hals. So macht der den Bruch vnd wirf In werffen.
	Here he goes out with the "shield" against the stab-over. Thus this one falses (feints) the stab and strikes from below and stabs.						[94r] Hie ist er vffgangen mit dem Schilt für den obern stich. So hatt der den stich erlogen vnd slecht vnden vff vnd sticht.
	However, this one makes an "over the shield." Thus this one, however, then falses the stab and grapples him with both arms and puts him in a throw.						Der hatt aber den obern Schilt gemacht. So hat der aber den Stich erlogen vnd vbergryfft Im bayd Arm vnd tut In werffen.
	Against the stab-over, he throws out his right arm and blocks away his stab and thrusts into him. This one thrusts and breaks the stab to him.						[90r] Für den obern stich hatt er sinen rechten Arm vff geworffen vnd sinem Stich hinweg geholffen vnd ersticht In. Der hatt gestochen vnd Ist Im der stich gebrochen.
	In this he shall seize the arm or the throat out of the "Shear."						Das sol sin ain vahen vsz der schäre den arm oder den hals.
	Again, an arm break against the stab-above and trap his stab with the left arm and grasp with the right hand under his arm and draw him to you.	[91r] [No text]					[90v] Aber für den oben stich ain armbruch vnd fas sin stich vff den linchen arm vnd griff mit der Rechten hand vnder sinen Arm vnd zuch an dich.
	Again, against the thrust-over, trap his thrust with the right arm and step forth and at his throat with the left arm and thow him over the hip.						Aber für den obern stich fach sin stich vff din Rechten Arm vnd Tryt für vnd schlah Im din lincken arm an sin halsz vnd würff In vber die huffen.
300px	The over-counter and death-stab.					[68r] Der bruch und dot stich
300px	The under-counter and heart-stab. Against the low stab thus this one strikes with the right fist at his arm and thrust your dagger into him.					[68v] Der under bruch und hertz stich	[91v] (left pair) Für den vndern stich so schlah mit der rechten funst In sin arm vnd stosz din Tegen In In.
	They have both parried a thrust. Here is one just as good as the other.		[32v] Da Hand sie baide die stich verseczt.	[34r] Da haut sÿ baid die stich v°setztt	[41r] da hand sy die stich bed gewent		[91v] (right pair) Hie hatt einer als gutt als der ander.
	Against the stab from above, make a big throw with the right arm and trap with the left arm over his right arm and throw him away from you.						[89r] Für den obern stich Ain grosser wurff gang mit dem rechten Arm vff vnd fal mit dem linchen arm vber sinen rechten arm vnd würff In von dir.
	There he is in a throw and he has lifted (levered) him by force. Throwing, with dominance, the foe who overstabs. This is the piece and throw accomplished.	[96r] [No text]	[33r] Da hat er In geworffen vnd hebt In mit gewalt.	[34v] Da haut er im geworffen vnd hept in mit gewaltt	[41v] der letzst wrff zü dem end etc item von jechtlichem stuk im degen kumend allu ringen vñ der degen halt gatz das ringen in	[65v] Den man werffen mit gewalte	Da Ist das stuck vnd wurff volbracht.
300px	Throw foe down as you lunge your dagger through and pull it toward yourself to counter his over-stab. As this one thrusts over towards him, thus this one breaks with the left arm and seizes him with the dagger between the legs and draws him in and throws him away from himself.					[66r] Für werffen und durch schiessen zuck an dich	[88r] (left pair) Als der ober Inn hat gestochen So hatt der Es mit dem lincken arm gebrochen vnd grifft Im mit dem Tegen zwischen die bain vnd zuckt In vff vnd würfft In von Im.
300px	The throw over the hip countering the over-stab. As the over-hand blow is thrust, thus he displaces it with the right arm and wrings the dagger up his arm and therewith steps forth and throws him away from himself.					[65r] Der wurff uber die hufft	[88r] (right pair) Als der oben hinyn hatt gestochen So hatt er mit dem rechten Arm versetzt vnd wint den Tegen umb sinen arm vnd tryt damit für vnd würfft in von Im.
	…And the counter thereover. This is the surround and the break against the seizure. As this one thrusts at him.					[67r] Der bruch darüber	[88v] Da ist der vszgangen vnd der bruch über das fahenn. Als der In beschlossen hatt.
	Thus this one thrusts in with the "Shear." This one thrusts inwards from above.						So hatt der In beschlossen mit der schär. Der hatt gestochen oben Inn.
200px		[90r] [No text]
200px		[91r] [No text]
200px		[91v] [No text]
	Again, against the stab-below, strike his stab away with your right hand and slash around his throat with the left hand and stride forth and throw him away from you.						[92r] Aber für den vndern stich schlah mit diner rechten hand Sin stich hinweg vnd Slah In mit der lincken hand an sinen hals vnd Tryt mit für vnd würff In von dir.
	Against the stab-below, trap his stab with both hands and throw his arm over your left shoulder and break it.						Für den vndern stich fach sin stich In din bayd hend vnd wirf (wirg??) Im Sin arm vff die lincken Achsel vnd brich In ab.
300px	The ending play – throw and stab the overstabbing foe in his belly.					[71r] Das end stuck
	Like this I charge-over with a downward open stab from above. Thus I throw up the left arm and displace and with my right arm I have him in a hold around his throat and strangle him to the ground.						[96r] Als der mich überloffen hat mit aim fryen stich oben Nyder. So hab ich den lincken arm vff geworffen vnd versetzt vnd mit mym rechten Arm hab ich In vmb sin hals gefaszt vnd wirg In Nider.
	Here he strangles him down and finishes him off.						Hie hatt er In Nyder gewirckt und macht ain end.
	Thus this one displaces with the left arm and also stabs from above. As this one thrusts from above.						[96v] (right side only) So hatt der versetzt mit dem lincken Arm vnd Sticht och von Tach. Als der gestochen hatt von Tach.

Grappling

Images	Draft Translation Gotha version by Tyrone Artur Budzin Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull Munich version by Mark Rector	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1450s) by Brian Hunt	Königseggwald Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
			[34r] [No text]	[35r] Da will lw¨told von küngs egg lernen ringen von dem talhoffer	[51r] der anfang im ringen
	How to push away from you when someone closes in.	[125v] Das von dir stossen wer in dich dringt
	This is the vertigo spin when you raise him.	[126r] Da hat die swindel wag ain end
	This is the ending of the vertigo spin.	[126v] Da hat die swindel wag ain end
	This is the knee kick against the limb.	[127r] Das ist das knye ab tretten wider das glit
	This is the arm break against the shoulder.	[127v] Das ist das arm~ ab prechen vber dy achsel			[61r] [No text]
	One should play on a board like this.	[128r] Also sol man auff aim In dem pret spilen
	The twist at the arm.	[128v] Das vmb dreen bey dem arm~
	The French Wrestling.	[129r] Das franczosis ringen
	This is how to go through back to back.	[129v] Das ist das mit durch gen ruck ruck an
	Back to back is finished.	[130r] Ruck an rück hat ein end
300px	A beginning, with same grasping of the arms. Thus rushing-wrestling the outer arms. They fall to wrestling.	[116v] Ain an hebung czw gleichm~ fassen auß den armen	[35r] [No text]	[36v] Da hãnd sÿ gefasset vnd begrüffen ainander bÿ dem armen	[52r] das fasnn	[49r] Item zulouffend ringen uß den armen	[96v] Der anfall vsz den Armen zu ringen.
300px	Thus seizing by wambeson. This one has them mutually holding an arm beneath and on top of the other and lying in the brace.					[52r] Item daz vassen im wammeß	[97r] Die habent birlichs gefasst ain Arm vnden den anndern oben vnd ligend In dem streb.
300px	The counter for that seizing of the wambeson. In the brace thus he drags his head across his arm and draws him upward.					[52v] Der bruch über daz vassen im wammeß	[97r] In dem Streb So schlefft er sin hopt durch sin Arm vnd zuckt In vff.
300px	The play over arm and foot. As this one grasps around his arms. Thus this one thrusts his right arm over the other’s right elbow and with that thrust, thus he grasps him under his right foot and draws him in and throws him over.		[38r] [No text]	[39v] Das v¨ber grüffen nach dem fu°ß	[38r] das u°ber grifen P	[53r] Daz stuck uber den arm und inn fuoß	[97v] Als der gefaszt hatt vsz den Armen So stoszt der mit sinem Rechten Elbogen vff sinen Rechten arm vnd mit dem stosz So gryfft er Im vnder sinen rechten fusz vnd zuckt In vff vnd wirfft In über vssz.
	This is the break against the slip-through the outside at the leg, grasp to send him into a vertigo spin.	[124r] Das ist der pruch vber das durch sliffen aussen an dem pain faß In In dy swindel wag
300px	This is the hurl by the arm. Throwing over the hip. This one doesn’t have him in a good hold. This one then means to throw him over the thigh.	[124v] Das sit das sleuderñ pey dem arm~				[53v] Daz werffen uber die huffte	[97v] Der hutt es nit gutt. Der wyl den werffen vber den schenckel.
300px	This is a strike, to come at the man. The arm-break. Here this one means to trap him if he wants to break his arm.	[117r] Das ist ain abslahen czw komen an den man (similar)	[35v] [No text]	[37r] Das vß brechen vnd den arm würgen	[52v] das vss brechen	[54r] Der armbruch	[98r] Hie wyl der den bringen In Trapen ob er Im möcht Brechen den Arm.
300px	The arm-break over the shoulder. Here this one breaks his arm over his shoulder and means to take him down.					[55r] Der armbruch uber die achsel	[98r] Hie hatt der Im den arm Bracht vff die achsel vnd wöllen Im den abbrechen.
300px	This is the hip-wrestle by the neck. The hinter-treading. From the hold, thus he throws him over the thigh.	[117v] Das ist das hueff ringen beÿ dem hals			[44r] [No text]	[54v] Das hinder tretten	[98v] Vsz dem Fasen So würfft er In vber den Schenckel.
	This is a break against the hip wrestle by the neck.	[118r] Das ist der bruch vber das hueff ringen pey dem hals
					[44v] [No text]
300px	Yet another hinter-treading. Here he steps behind him and thrusts him over the thigh.					[55v] Duch ain hinder tretten	[98v] Hie hatt er In hinder Tretten vnd Stosst In über den schenckel.
300px	This is the forward step when equal in grasp. Thus bear-clinching. Again, the same mutual hold.	[119v] Das ist das fur treten czw gleichem fassen	[39r] [No text]	[40v] Das schlechtt vassen ain arm vnden den andern oben	[58r] pu°rlins vasen	[50r] Item das burn vassen	[99r] Aber ain glichs Byrlichs Fasen.
			[39v] [No text]	[41r] Da haut er den arm zuckt vnd fasset in vorder ölenbogen	[58v] der wrff
300px	This is the break against the slip-through on the outside of the leg, grasp to send him into a vertigo spin. Thus tugging out of that and throwing foreward upon the elbows. From the mutual hold, thus he draws beneath his arm and grasps him by the head and swings him away from himself.	[122v] Das ist der bruech vber das durch sliffñ aussen an dem pain faß In in dy swindel wait (similar)				[50v] Item daz uß zucken und werffen vor der elenbogen	[99r] Vss dem Byrlichs fasen So zuckt Er den vndern Arm vnd ergryfft In by dem hopt vnd Swenckt In von Im.
300px	Trying to go through or to hinter-tread. In this hold, thus this one means to pass through.		[34v] [No text]	[36r] Das erst grüffen in dem anuang	[51v] das erst an grifen	[57r] Daz versuchen durchgan oder hinder tretten	[99v] In dem Fasen So wyl Der durchgon.
	He who presses you, throw over your head like so.	[120r] Wer dich tringt den burf vber das haubt also
300px	This is the slip-through outside of the leg. Thus going through. Here he passes through him and throws him over his back.	[120v] Das ist das durch sliffen aussen pey dem pain				[51r] Item das durchgan	[99v] Hie Ist er Im durchgangen vnd würfft In über den Rücken.
300px	The throat-strangling. In this pass-through, thus this one breaks and chokes him about the throat.					[56v] Daß halß würgen	[100r] In dem durchgon So ist das der Bruch vnd wirckt In by dem halsz.
300px	Thus the counter for that going-through. Again, a break against the pass-through. In this pass through, thus draw the foot behind him and grip him about the throat.					[51v] Item der bruch uber daz durchgan	[100r] Aber ain Bruch vber das durch gon In dem durchgon So zuck den fusz hindersich vnd ergryff In by dem halsz.
	The "Hecklin" against oneself.						[100v] Das Hechlin Fürsich.
	This one breaks the "Hecklin" with a strike.						Das Hecklin der Bruch mit dem Schlag.
			[36r] [No text]	[37v] Als der in begrüffen haut in der waichen so druckt er in bÿ dem hals von Im	[48r] das durch grifen
	This is the slip-through inside of the leg.	[121r] Das ist das durch sliffen In wen dem pain
	That is the wrong slip-through when back to back.	[121v] Das ist das ebich durch sliffen ruck an ruck
	Here is the throw completed just as it was described before. Again, a break against the "Hecklin"; when he strikes the "Hecklin" at you, thus trap him by the hollow of the knee with your knee (without an illustration).		[36v] [No text]	[38r] Das durch gän vnd v¨ber rugg werffen	[48v] das durch schliefen		[112r] Hie ist der wurff vollbracht wie hernach geschriben stat. Aber ein Bruch über das hecklin wen es dir das hecklin schlecht So fal Im In die kniekellen mit dem knü (ohne Bild).
			[37r] [No text]	[38v] Das ist der bruch für daz durchschlüffen	[43r] das beschliesen
			[37v] [No text]	[39r] Das arm brechen	[43v] das arm brechen P
	When somebody gets you in a backwards-lying hold, strive thus if you want to get his thigh and draw and direct him across.						[101r] Wen ainer ain ergryfft hinderwertligen So wartt oh dir möcht Sin schenckel werden vnd züch In her durch vnd Richt dich vff.
	Again, when somebody gets you in a backwards hold, step thus with your foot behind yourself between his leg and grasp his thigh.		[38v] [No text]	[40r] Wen ainer ain fürt gefangen So ist das der bruch darüber	[38v] das fu°ren		Aber so ainr ain faszt hinderwertz so Tryt mit dinem fusz hinder sich zwüschen Sine bain vnd gryff im nach dem schenckel.
300px	The counter for heaving behind oneself. This one breaks over this backwards hoist, grasp him by the hair and draw him over your shoulder.					[60v] hinder sich der bruch für daz heben	[101v] Das ist ain heben hinderwertz der Bruch darüber Nem In by dem har vnd züch In über die achsel.
300px	The locking-clinch. This is called a lock-up, he then means to be free from it, thus break to his finger or he crouches and throw him over your back.					[60r] Daz beslossen vassen	[101v] Das haiszt ain beschulsz wyl er den ledig werden So brich Im die finger oder Buck sich vnd werff In vber Rücken.
300px	This is the defense against a hard press. Getting away from foe. When in a hold and both of his arms are under yours and he draws you in, grasp his face with both hands and thus he lets you shove him away from you.	[130v] Das ist al pruch vber hart trücken				[59v] vom man zu komen	[102r] Wen ainr ain ergryfft vnd bayd arm vnden hatt vnd dich vff zucken wyl So gryff Im mit bayden Henden In sin Antlit vnd schüb In von dir so latt er dich.
300px	Attack and counter. / Play and break. This one lets himself be grasped and throws him instead.					[58r] Stuck und bruch	[102r] Der latt sich mit wylen Faszen vnd er mag In dennocht nit von Im werffen er würfft In.
	The throw with the "half-Hecklin" and from out of the half-hip wrestle.						[102v] Der wirfft den mit dem halben hecklin vnd vsz dem halben hufft Ringen.
	Here he throws them both down to fight.						Hie hatt er In geworffen vsz derselben Arbaitt.
	A wrestle over the hip.						[103r] Ain ober huff Ringen.
	Against the wrestle over the hip, thus he tries a break.						Vber das oberhuff Ringen so Sucht er ain Bruch.
	That is how one should close one arm with both arms. Thus arm-breaking and throwing over the shank. In the wrestling, thus he steps behind him over the foot…	[131v] Das ist das wie man aim ain arm~ sol slissen mit payden arm~				[49v] Item daz arm brechen und uber den schenckel werffen	[103v] In dem Ringen So hatt er Im hinder Tretten vnd In über den Fus
	In this brace, thus this one means to strike from beneath the foot.						In dem streben so wyl der dem den Fus vnden vsz Slahen.
	In this wrestle he draws him up and spins him around.						[104r] In dem Ringen hatt er In vffzuckt vnd lofft mit Im vmb das haiszt ain Schwindelringen.
	The neck-clinching. This one grasps him by the throat with both hands and shakes him, thus this one thrusts him away from himself.					[58v] Daz genick vassen	Der hatt den gefaszt mit bayden henden by dem halsz vnd erschitt In so stoszt der In von Im.
	However, an inverted wrestler is tough to hoist.						[104v] Ain verkert Ringen Ist Aber Swer zu heben.
	An arm wrestle, as with the dagger, both of us turning away from it.						Ain Ringen vsz dem Tegen mit dem arm wirgen von Im kern.
	That is how you can close in with the elbow in his shoulder.	[132r] Das ist wie man aim sol enfaln mit dem elpogen In sein achsel glit
	That is the defense when one has the leg on the others arm.	[132v] Das ist der bruch wen ainer hat das pain auff der achsel
	This one traps and leads him by the arm.						[105v] Der hatt den gefangen vnd fürt In by dem arm.
	The inverted throw. Here he allows himself to be led and goes willingly and then draws him in and throws him behind himself onto his back.	[133r] [No text]				[59r] Der verkertt wurff (similar)	Hie latt er sich fürn vnd gatt gern vnd In den gon so zuckt er In vff vnd würfft in hinder sich an Rucken.
		[133v] [No text]
			[40v] [No text]	[42r] Da zuckt er Im den fu°ß vnd stost in oben von im	[59v] das zuken vnd stosen
	The boys-wrestling / knaves-wrestling overhead. This is called a "Knave wrestle".		[41r] [No text]	[42v] Da wirfft er Inn v¨be~ vß	[53r] das falen	[57v] Der buobnwurff überß houpt -	[105r] Das haiszt ain Buben Ringen.
	This one breaks over it, trapping him with his knee in his groin.						Der bruch darüber Fall Im mit dem knü In sin macht.
			[41v] [No text]	[43r] Da ist er vff in komen In dem wurff	[53v] da kumt er in dem wrff vff in
						[138v] [No text]
			[42r] [No text] (similar)	[43v] Da sÿtz er vff Im vnd wigtt In (similar)	[57r] ain heben (similar)	[No text]
			[42v] [No text]	[44r] Das schlüssen vnd heben	[57v] aber ain heben
	This is an advance to grasp the same leg. This one meant to pass through. Thus he draws him in and grasps him and presses him down.	[119r] Das ist das dringen pey dem pain zu gleichm~ fassen (similar)	[40r] [No text]	[41v] Da haut er in bÿ dem fu°ß so druckt in der nÿder (similar)	[59r] stuk vñ bruch (similar)		[106r] Der hatt wöllen durch gon. So hatt er Im zuckt vnd ergryfft In vnd truckt In Nyder.
	This is known as a shoulder wrestle and comes from the throat hold.						Das haiszt ein Achsel Ringen vnd kumpt von dem halsz fassen.
	From this hold, thus this one kicks him in the thigh.						[106v] Vsz dem fassen So Tryt der dem den Schenckel ab.
	When you mean to wrestle somebody in an emergency, hold him thus and hoist him between the legs and hang him towards you, thus you have him in a lock-up.						Wen dich ainr Nötten wyl In dem Ringen vnd fast hept So heb mit Im vnd In dem heben So gib dich In die Schwechin vnd heng Im nach so wirt er dir In ain schlossz.
	This one seizes him by the collar and strikes him under the foot.						[107r] Der hat den by dem goller gefaszt vnd Schlecht Im vnden den fus vsz.
	From the preceeding fight, thus he throws him over beneath the hip.						Vsz der vorigen arbait So würfft Er In über die undere huffen.
	An arm hoist if he wants to bring him between the legs.						[107v] Am arm winden ob er In möcht bringen zwüschen die Bain.
	Here he has completed the before-described piece.						Hie hatt er das vor geschryben Stuck volbracht.
	This one brings him into a trap.						[108r] Der hatt den gebracht In den Trappen.
	In the trap, he draws him into himself and strikes around his throat and throws him over the hip.						In dem trapen zuckt er In an Sich In dem zucken schlecht er In an sinen halsz vnd würfft In über die huffen.
	This one breaks against the hold. Thus step with your foot behind yourself between his legs and throw him over the flank.						[108v] Der bruch über das Fassen. So Tryt mit dinem fus hinder sich zwüschen sine bain vnd würff In über die Siten ab.
	This one holds both arms behind the back.						Der hatt den gefasst by bayden Armen vff dem Rucken.
	This is the break against the slip-through inside the leg.	[123r] Das ist der bruch vb° das durch sliffñ In an dem pain
	Right against right left against left. Again, a hold about the throat. Thus he grasps him upon the elbow and steps against him and thrusts him over the thigh.	[123v] Recht gein recht glinck gein glinck					[109r] Aber ain Fasen by dem halsz. So gryfft er Im In die Elbogen vnd tryt für vnd stoszt In über den schenckel.
	This is the step-behind in the arm where you press. A step behind with the left arm upon his throat and then a thrust over the thigh.	[125r] Das ist das hintter tretten In dem arme~ wer dich truckt					Ain hindertretten vnd mit dem lincken Arm In sinen halsz vnd stosz den über den Schenckel.
	This has him in the "Hecklin" manner.						[109v] Da hatt der den In dem hecklin Recht.
	This one breaks against the "Hecklin." Grasp him when he’s in the "Hecklin," and thus wrestle him over the hip, thus is the "Hecklin" broken.						Der Bruch über das hecklin. Im gryff als er das hecklin schutzt so nem das ober huff Ringen So ist das hecklin Brochen.
	This is a special break against the "Hecklin" and against the over the hip wrestle.						[110r] Das ist ain vszbindiger bruch vber das Hecklin vnd über das ober huff Ringen.
	The shoulder-breaking. This is also a break against the "Hecklin" or the hip.					[56r] Dea achsel brechen	Das ist och ain bruch übers hecklin oder huff.
	This one completes the break against the "Hecklin."						[110v] Da hatt der den bruch volbracht vber das hecklin.
	This one seizes upon the "Hecklin" or the over-the-hip, turns himself thus and makes the break.						Der hatt wollen louffen In das hecklin oder In die obern huff So went sich der vnd macht den bruch.
	From the throat-grip, thus finish this one off.						[111r] Vsz dem halszfaszen so macht der ain schlosz.
	Here he finishes him off and throws him over the thigh.						Hie hatt er In beschlossen vnd würfft In über die schenckel.
	The arm close over the hip.	[118v] Das arm~ slyssen vber dy hueff
	Here he grapples him and throws him over the lower hip and wrestles to a finish.						[111v] Hie hatt er In über gryffen vnd würfft In über die vnder hufft Ringen In ain schlosz.
	As you come to grips at the same time, thus he thrusts over the other’s right arm with his elbow and traps him around his thigh and throws him.						Als sie glich gefaszt haben So stoszt er mit sinem Elbogen In sinen rechten Arm vnd übersch ützt vnd felt Im vmb sinen schenckel vnd würfft In.
	How the man who is caught throws two.	[131r] Wye ainer czwen sol werffen den man gefangñ fürt
						[138r] [No text]
	The limb breaking at the outside of the arm.	[122r] Das glit prechen aussen an den arm~			[32v] [No text]	[139r] [No text]
						[No text]

Messer

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull Munich version by Mark Rector	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
	Here starts the Messer. Ours won't be forgotten, God willing. He will strike from above. But he will parry the strike strongly.		[113r] Hie Facht an das Messer. Gott wöll vnnsr nit vergessen. Der wyl howen von Tach. So wyl der Im den how versetzen mit macht.
	He has completed his strike. He has parried the strike and will grasp over.		[113v] Der hat sin how volbracht. Der hatt den schlag versetzt vnd wyl In übergryffen.
	Here he has gripped over and strikes through the head, and the just described play is ended.		[114r] Hie hatt er In übergryffen vnd howt In durch den kopff vnd hat das vor geschriben Stuck ain end.
	He strikes freely from above. He has parried with an inverted hand (Quarte) and will step forward and wrench.		[114v] Der howt Fry von dach. Der hatt versetzt mit gewenter hand vnd wyl für tretten vnd Ryssen.
	Here he has stepped forward and wrenches with the Messer. One shall not forget the push against the elbow.		[115r] Hie hatt er für getretten vnd Ryszt mit dem messer. des stosz zu der Elbogen sol man nit vergessen.
	He had meant to step forward with Wrath and strike him through the head. He has parried strongly from below and in flashing out has cut the hand off.		[115v] Der hatt den angeloffen In Zorn vnd hatt In wöllen howen durch den kopff. So hatt der versetzt vnden vff mit macht vnd In sinem vffziehen hat er Im sin hand abgehowen.
	Here he steps forward and strikes him right down dead.		[116r] Hie Tryt er für vnd Slecht In gar Nider zu tod.
	But he has parried and has grasped over the arm and thrusts his Messer in him. He has struck to the man from above.		[116v] So hatt der Im versetzt vnd hatt In übergryffen mit dem Arm vnd stoszt messer In In. Der hatt gehowen von Tach vff den man.
300px	The needed stance with the messer.	[79r] Der nott stand im messer
	…And the play whereby the hand is lost.	[79v] Daz stuck [da die Hand verlohren.]

Sword and Buckler

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull Munich version by Mark Rector	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
	These are both the free positions with the buckler and the messer. (Left figure only)		[117v] [No text]	[117r] Das sind die Zwen fryen Stend mit dem buckeller vnd mit dem Messer.
300px			[118r] [No text]
300px	These are both the free positions with the buckler and the messer. (Left figure only)		[118v] [No text]	[117r] Das sind die Zwen fryen Stend mit dem buckeller vnd mit dem Messer.
		[54r] hie versetzt er mit dem meser vnd grift mit dem bukler	[120v] [No text]
	He has parried with the buckler and the Messer, he shall not forget the gripping over. He has struck into the displacement.			[117v] Hie hatt der versetzt mit dem Buckeller vnd messer. des übergryffens sol er nit vergessen. Der hatt gehowen dem In sin versatzung.
	There he has struck to me, I have parried him and from the Stance grip over and strike him through the head.		[119v] [No text]	[118r] Als der vff mich hatt gehowen So hab ich Im versetzt vnd vsz der versatzung übergryffen vnd how Im durch den kopff.
			[120r] [No text]
	There he has parried and thrusts him from himself and wrenches with the Messer.			[118v] Da hatt der Im versetzt vnd Stoszt In von Im vnd Ryszt mit dem messer.
	After he has thrust him from himself, he completes the play and thrusts the sword through him.			[119r] Als er In von Im gestossen hatt So volendet er das stuck vnd Stoszt das schwert durch In.
		[54v] duÿ vnder vñ duÿ ober in den rechten bunt etc	[121r] [No text]
	Again he strikes from above. He has parried freely and thereby charges in to him.			[119v] Aber howt der von Tach. Hie hatt der versetzt fry vnd loufft Im daby Inn.
	Here he has charged in, and he has thrust the sword through him.		[121v] [No text]	[120r] Hie Ist Im der Ingeloffen vnd hat das Swert durch In gestochen.
			[122r] [No text]
	He stands in guard against the stab. He will stab him.			[120v] Der statt für den Stich. Der Wyl In stechen.
	As he has stabbed, he strikes to his Arm, as the downstrike is good against the stab.		[122v] [No text]	[121r] Als der gestochen hatt So hott Im der In Sinen Arm der ober how ist och gutt für den stich.
			[123r] [No text]
			[123v] [No text]
	The true distress of two against one.		[119r] Der recht not stand gen zwainen.
	This is the distress of when two are against one. Here I wish to cut him. Here he displaces that with inverted hand and will turn around and cut the one standing behind. Here this one also means to strike. Here here displaces with the dagger and the buckler.			[121v] Das Ist der Notstand wen zwen über nin Sind. Hie wyl ich vff In howen. Da versetzt der mit Eppicher hand vnd wirt sich wenden vnd howen zu dem hindn. Hie wyl der och howen. Da versetzt er mit dem tegen vnd buckeller.
	In the twist he strikes him through the head, thus he falls upon the opponent behind him, he then catches but one.			[122r] Im wenden so howt er In durch den kopff So fellten der hinder an So beschlüszt er In och.

Flail

Images	Draft Translation	Gotha Version (1443) by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1450s) by Brian Hunt	Königseggwald Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
					[60r] wie sich ainer sol halten fu°r den schlag
					[60v] das flegel [A portion of the page is missing.] der stos etc

Staff Weapons

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull	Vienna Version (1450s) by Brian Hunt	Königseggwald Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann
		[43r] [No text]	[44v] Der stich v¨ber den arm Der stand Im spüß
		[44r] [No text]
		[43v] [No text]	[45r] Der schlag von oben nÿder Der stand für den grossen schlag	[33r] da will er den grossen schlag weren P
			[45v] Da haut er den grossen schlag gewert vnd stost sein glän durch In	[33v] da hat ers volbracht
			[46r] Der haut v°schlagen Der wirfft den ort für vnd will zu° Im tretten	[56r] da ver setzt er mit stal [?]
			[46v] Hie ist er zu° im getretten vnd haut in mit der glän gevangen bÿ dem hals vnd will in werffen	[56v] da hat er versetzt vñ tribt das risen vm~ den hals
			[47r] Als der geschlagen hautt So haut der gewappett v°setzt vnd laut daz ortt durch in gãn	[45r] da hat er versetzt vñ lat den ort durchin gan
			[47v] So der geschlagen haut Als haut eß der gewertt vnd wil in werffen bÿ dem fu°ß	[45v] das werfen in der glen
			[48r] Als der in geloffen ist vnd hautt wellen schlachen So hautt der den spüß für geworffen gewappett vnd im mit der glinggen hand den arm v¨ber grüffen vnd stost mit der rechtten den spüß durch Inn	[55r] [The lower half of the page is missing, no text]
300x300px	With the sword one counters the strike with the spear.				[75r] Mit dem schwert fur den Slag mit dem spieß
300x300px	The woven thrust.				[75v] Der gewäbet Stich
300x300px	The over-hew countering the thrust.				[76r] Der oberhow fur den stich
300x300px	Oone blinds the other at the head and thereby he throws into the body.				[77r] Daz blenden ab dem huopt Darby der wurff [in leib]
300x300px	The forsetting of the spear.				[78r] Daz versetzen gen dem spiess
300x300px	The short-pike counters a long-spear with its shaft.				[78v] Ain billgerin für ain langen spieß mit sinem stab
		[44v] [No text]	[48v] Das ist der vortaill mit der glän gen aim rÿttenden	[55v] [The lower half of the page is missing, no text]

Mounted Fencing

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull Munich version by Mark Rector	Vienna Version (1450s) by Brian Hunt	Königseggwald Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
		[45r] [No text]	[49v] Als er die glän nach im züchtt Da haut ers vff die glinggen achssel gebrachtt vnd wils in daz gerist werffen
		[45v] [No text]	[50r] Da tu°t er sich v°su°chen Da wirfft er die glän vmb den arm
		[46r] [No text]	[50v] Also sol ainer sin glän füren inder fluchtt So man In geÿchtt
		[46v] [No text]	[51r] Also sol sich ainer schicken mit dem schwertt gen dem der vff in rÿtt mit der glän
	This one defends against the lance with the sword.				[129r] [No text]	[134r] Der Entwert dem den Spiesz mit dem Schwertt.
	Here the piece is completed, as it was described before.	[47r] [No text]	[51v] Also nÿmpt man aim die glän mit de~r schwertt			[134v] Hie Ist das stuck volbracht als vorgeschriben statt.
		[47v] [No text]	[52r] Also nÿmptt man aim die glän mit der hand
		[48r] [No text]	[52v] Als er in erritten hautt inder fluchtt So grifft der nach der glän vnd würfft sy vß dem ruggen		[129v] [No text]
300x300px	The lance counters half and whole.				[96v] Daz glen bruchen halb und gantz
		[48v] [No text]	[53r] Wen man dir die glän well vnder rÿten So zucks vß dem gerist vff den arm vnd stichs wider zu° Im Das an rÿten mitt dem schwertt in ain huffen
		[49r] [No text]	[53v] Hie ventt er sich wider vmb in der fluchtt Als er in nitt erritten mag So will er die glän schüsse~
					[130v] [No text]
300x300px	Advancing to the foe.				[94v] Daz anryten zu den vynden
300x300px	For forsetting during skirmishing.				[95r] Daz versetzen im schärmitzlen
300x300px	The thrust done out of the forsetting.				[97r] Der stich uß versatzunge
	From the "Rash Cut" (over-hasty, miss-the-mark), thus this one means to displace with the stab. This one springs at him and means to "Rash Cut" him.				[124r] [No text]	[127r] Vsz dem über Illen So wyl der versetzen mit dem Stich. Der Sprengt In an vnd wyl In über Illen.
	Thus, this one displaces with a wild and an inverted hand. As this one cuts.	[49v] [No text]	[54r] Als der obnen nider schlechtt So haut der v°setztt vñ also ist eß zu° baide~ sÿten ze v°setzen		[124v] [No text]	[127v] So hatt der versetzt mit epicher hand vnd wüst für (?). Als der gehowen hatt.
	Here the piece is completed and he cuts him in the thigh.				[125r] [No text]	[128r] Hie ist das stuck volbracht vnd hatt In gehowen In den schenckel.
		[50r] [No text]	[54v] Da tu°nd sÿ die äbichen schleg Ainer vnder der ander oben	[29v] [No text]
	In the onrush, thus this one traps his cut and twists his sword in his face. This one has cut.	[50v] [No text] (similar)	[55r] Da rÿtt er Im in das antlÿt mit de~ spitz So haut der geschlagen ain vngelertten straich (similar)	[29r] [No text] (similar)		[128v] In dem anrenen So facht der sinen how vnd wint Im Sin Swert In Sin antlit. Der hat gehowen.
	Here he displaces the blow and attacks him and wrenches the sword from him.					[129r] Hie hat er den schlag versetzt vnd über felt Im vnd ryszt das Swert von Im.
	The sword captured in the high guard.	[51r] [No text]	[55v] Als der haut geschlagen so haut Im diser das schwert genom~en		[125v] [No text]	[129v] Das schwert Nemen vnderougen.
	The sword captured in the rearwards guard.	[51v] [No text]	[56r] Also nÿmpt man aim sein schwertt inder flucht		[126r] [No text]	[130r] Das Swert Nemen hinderwertz.
	As this one cuts. This one displaces with an inverted hand and attacks him about the neck.					[130v] Als der halt gehowen. So hatt der Epich versetzt vnd Ist Im überfalen vmb den halsz.
	Here this one displaces openly and then means to attack. This one cuts from above.					[131r] Hie versetzt der Fry vnd wyl den überfalen. Der hat gehowen vom Tach.
	Here he cuts him down and completes the fore-described piece.					[131v] Hie ist er Im Ingefallen vnd das vorgeschriben Stuck volbracht.
		[55r] [No text]	[59v] Da sitzt er hÿnderim
		[55v] [No text]	[60r] Da springt er in sattell aun stegraiff
		[54r] [No text]	[58v] Der griff hindersich an der fluchtt	[28r] [No text]
		[54v] [No text]	[59r] Daz hÿnder sitzen wen er beschlossen wirt	[28v] [No text]	[127r] [No text]
					[127v] [No text]
	Wrestling on horseback. Here this one locks him up and grapples the "Underougen."	[52r] [No text]	[56v] Das erst ringen fürsich	[31v] [No text]	[126v] [No text]	[132r] Das Ringen zu Rossz. Hie hatt der In beschlossen vnd vber gryffen vnderougen.
	In this break against the fore-described lock, he draws his grapple and … him by the throat.					[132v] Der bruch vber Das vorgeschriben Schlosz hatt Im gezuckt Sin übergriffen vnd In by dem halsz.
	Throwing the horse and the man.					[133r] Da würfft der Rossz vnd Man.
	The grapple and the lockhold behind himself. This one grapples him backwards.					[133v] Das übergryffen vnd der beschlusz hinder sich. Der hatt den hinderwertz ergryffen.
		[52v] [No text]	[57r] Das ander griffen für sich	[31r] [No text]
		[53r] [No text]	[57v] Der bruch mit äbicher hand vmb den hals	[30v] [No text]	[128r] [No text]
					[128v] [No text]
		[53v] [No text]	[58r] Der ander griff hÿndersich	[30r] [No text]

Mounted Archery

Images	Draft Translation Copenhagen version by Jeffrey Hull Munich version by Mark Rector	Vienna Version (1450s) by Brian Hunt	Königseggwald Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) by Dierk Hagedorn	Copenhagen Version (1459) by Dieter Bachmann	Munich Version (1467) by Gustav Hergsell
300x300px	Shooting while fleeing.				[95v] Daz schiessen an der flucht
300x300px	The crossbow and sword: Countering protectively. / Countering after the shot.				[96r] Daz armbrost und swert bruchen nach dem schutz
	The pursuer. Just so should one behave in the flight with the crossbow.					[135r] Die Illenden. Wie sich ainer halten sol In der flucht mit dem armprost.
	This one then means to run beneath the horse. Here this one discharges, and then thrusts the lance at him, with the crossbow away, and grasps him about the throat.					[135v] Der wyl den vnder das pfert Renen. Hie hatt der den geschossen vnd stoszt Im den Spiesz mit dem Armbrost hinweg vnd würt In ergryffen by dem halsz.
	Here this one means to receive the one on the right with the lance. Just so should one with the lance behave against one with a crossbow.				[130r] [No text]	[136r] Hie wyl der den Recht empfahen mit dem Spiesz. Wie sich ainer halten sol mit dem Spiesz gegen ainem mit ainem Armbrost.
	Here Master Hans Talhoffer This book is bestowed and admittedly drawn by Hans Talhoffer.				[101v] Hie Maister Hanns Talhofer	[136v] Das buch hatt angeben hans talhoffer vnd gestanden zu Mallen.
	Here the fore-described piece with the crossbow and lance is completed and he grasps him about the throat.					Hie ist das vor geschriben Stuck mit dem Armbrost vnd Spiesz volbracht vnd hatt In ergryffen by dem halsz.
		[56r] [No text]	[60v] Da git Junckher lw¨told dem talhofer das gelaÿtt Da sitztt der talhoffer vff seinem haintzen vnd gaut vff den hÿndern füssen	[32r] [No text]
	"Bethink Thee Right"				[102r] bedenck dich Recht

References

Hans Talhoffer/Complete

References

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