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Difference between revisions of "Giovanni dall'Agocchie"

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| <p>Gio: It’s true that there are few differences, since ultimately all the blows resolve only into a cut or a thrust. And the reason is that wounding with either the true edge or the false one, be it to the right or left side, either high or low, will always be a cut. Similarly, if you wound with either an ''imbroccata'', or a ''stoccata'', or a ''punta riversa'', it will always be a thrust. And therefore everything resolves into a cut or a thrust. But to continue with the counters in the third guard, when the enemy hits your sword with the ''falso'', you’ll immediately turn a ''dritto tramazzone'', drawing your right foot back a pace in that ''tempo'', and your sword will go into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''; and with this defense you’ll have interrupted his intention. But when he hits your sword with a ''riverso ridoppio'' in order to wound you with an overhand thrust, in the hitting of your sword you’ll pass forward with your left foot, but during the extension of the thrust, you’ll parry it with a ''riverso sgualimbro''; having done which you’ll advance forward with your right foot, sticking an ''imbroccata'' into his flank; or, during the advance of your right foot, you’ll adjoin the true edge of your sword onto that of your enemy’s, sticking your point in his face in that ''tempo''. But if he pretends to give you the ''dritto tramazzone'', you’ll go with your sword into ''guardia di faccia'', and as he throws the ''riverso'' to your thigh, immediately casting your right foot behind your left one, you’ll turn a ''riverso'' to his arm. But when he beats with a ''riverso'' on your sword, you won’t make any movement, but during his pushing of a ''punta riversa'', you’ll parry with the false edge, and if he turns the ''mandritto tondo'', you’ll draw back your right foot and give him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to his sword hand. Then, if he extends a thrust to give you a ''riverso ridoppio'', you’ll parry that with your true edge <n.b. the ''riverso ridoppio'' eliciting this counter is not mentioned among the provocations above>, and as he turns the ''ridoppio'', you’ll guide your right foot toward his left side, turning a ''riverso sgualimbro'' in that ''tempo'', which will go into ''coda lunga stretta''. But if he throws the two thrusts, in the extension of the first one you’ll hit it with your false edge, but during the stepping that he makes with his right foot in order to give you the second one, you’ll parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', wounding him in the chest with a ''punta riversa'', followed by a ''riverso sgualimbro'' with which you’ll fix yourself in ''coda lunga stretta''. But if he puts the true edge of his sword on yours in order to wound you in the chest, you’ll immediately turn your left side behind your right one, throwing a ''riverso'' from beneath upwards to his arm in that ''tempo'', and your sword will ascend into  ''guardia d’alicorno''. You could also step diagonally with your right foot while he extends the said thrust, and disengage your sword under his in the same ''tempo'' and stick the point into his chest. And these are the counters that can be done when you’re in the aforesaid guard of ''porta di ferro stretta''. </p>
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| <p>Gio: It’s true that there are few differences, since ultimately all the blows resolve only into a cut or a thrust. And the reason is that wounding with either the true edge or the false one, be it to the right or left side, either high or low, will always be a cut. Similarly, if you wound with either an ''imbroccata'', or a ''stoccata'', or a ''punta riversa'', it will always be a thrust. And therefore everything resolves into a cut or a thrust. But to continue with the counters in the third guard, when the enemy hits your sword with the ''falso'', you’ll immediately turn a ''dritto tramazzone'', drawing your right foot back a pace in that ''tempo'', and your sword will go into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''; and with this defense you’ll have interrupted his intention. But when he hits your sword with a ''riverso ridoppio'' in order to wound you with an overhand thrust, in the hitting of your sword you’ll pass forward with your left foot, but during the extension of the thrust, you’ll parry it with a ''riverso sgualimbro''; having done which you’ll advance forward with your right foot, sticking an ''imbroccata'' into his flank; or, during the advance of your right foot, you’ll adjoin the true edge of your sword onto that of your enemy’s, sticking your point in his face in that ''tempo''. But if he pretends to give you the ''dritto tramazzone'', you’ll go with your sword into ''guardia di faccia'', and as he throws the ''riverso'' to your thigh, immediately casting your right foot behind your left one, you’ll turn a ''riverso'' to his arm. But when he beats with a ''riverso'' on your sword, you won’t make any movement, but during his pushing of a ''punta riversa'', you’ll parry with the false edge, and if he turns the ''mandritto tondo'', you’ll draw back your right foot and give him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to his sword hand. Then, if he extends a thrust to give you a ''riverso ridoppio'', you’ll parry that with your true edge,<ref>N.b., the ''riverso ridoppio'' eliciting this counter is not mentioned among the provocations above.</ref> and as he turns the ''ridoppio'', you’ll guide your right foot toward his left side, turning a ''riverso sgualimbro'' in that ''tempo'', which will go into ''coda lunga stretta''. But if he throws the two thrusts, in the extension of the first one you’ll hit it with your false edge, but during the stepping that he makes with his right foot in order to give you the second one, you’ll parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', wounding him in the chest with a ''punta riversa'', followed by a ''riverso sgualimbro'' with which you’ll fix yourself in ''coda lunga stretta''. But if he puts the true edge of his sword on yours in order to wound you in the chest, you’ll immediately turn your left side behind your right one, throwing a ''riverso'' from beneath upwards to his arm in that ''tempo'', and your sword will ascend into  ''guardia d’alicorno''. You could also step diagonally with your right foot while he extends the said thrust, and disengage your sword under his in the same ''tempo'' and stick the point into his chest. And these are the counters that can be done when you’re in the aforesaid guard of ''porta di ferro stretta''. </p>
 
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{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/57|3|lbl=26r.3|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf|58|lbl=26v|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/59|1|lbl=27r.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/57|3|lbl=26r.3|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf|58|lbl=26v|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/59|1|lbl=27r.1|p=1}}
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| <p>Gio: In two tempi, one ''tempo'', and half a ''tempo''.<ref>I.e. “''mezzo tempo''”.</ref> The two tempi are when the sword parries, and then strikes. One ''tempo'' is when one attacks without parrying the blow, or when one parries and attacks in one instant. The half, and last, is when one attacks while the enemy is throwing his blow. But to return to the discussion of attacking outside of ''tempo'', someone who proceeds determinedly without any advantage to attack an enemy who is fixed in guard will proceed outside of ''tempo'', because in that case he’ll find him free to perform the counters as I described to you in the fifth heading. </p>
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| <p>Gio: In two tempi, one ''tempo'', and half a ''tempo''.<ref>I.e., “''mezzo tempo''”.</ref> The two tempi are when the sword parries, and then strikes. One ''tempo'' is when one attacks without parrying the blow, or when one parries and attacks in one instant. The half, and last, is when one attacks while the enemy is throwing his blow. But to return to the discussion of attacking outside of ''tempo'', someone who proceeds determinedly without any advantage to attack an enemy who is fixed in guard will proceed outside of ''tempo'', because in that case he’ll find him free to perform the counters as I described to you in the fifth heading. </p>
 
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| <p>''Way of putting oneself in guard with the sword and dagger.''</p>
 
| <p>''Way of putting oneself in guard with the sword and dagger.''</p>
  
<p>Gio: Then I’ll tell you that when you step in the guards, while your sword goes into ''coda lunga stretta'', in the same ''tempo'' you’ll go into ''cinghiale porta di ferro alta'' with your dagger. And when your sword is fixed in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', you’ll fix your dagger in ''guardia di testa''. But when your sword falls into ''porta di ferro'' <i.e. ''stretta'', see p. 38recto>, you’ll lower your dagger into ''coda lunga alta''. And when you guide your sword into ''coda lunga alta'', you’ll also guide your dagger into ''porta di ferro alta''. Then when you raise your sword into  ''guardia d’alicorno'', you’ll lower your dagger into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. And this is the manner that you’ll have to follow in adopting the guards whether stepping forward or back, and on the diagonal as well, which can be done similarly with the sword accompanied by the cape. As for the recommendations, when you happen to parry with the dagger and you knock the enemy’s sword to the outside, that is, toward his right side, and especially his thrusts, you’ll hit it either with the flat or with the true edge thereof, depending upon the need, turning your wrist outwards well, and holding your arm well extended; but in the same ''tempo'' you’ll turn your body behind your right side, because doing so you’ll push the enemy’s blows further away, and protect yourself from them greatly. But when you knock it toward his left side, always hit it with the true edge of the dagger, turning your body in the opposite manner. And this is the first recommendation. The second: as you move your dagger to parry, also move the sword to attack, always accompanying the foot with the hand together with rotations of the body, as I’ve said. Third: when you want to join both weapons together in order to defend yourself, put your dagger on the inside of your sword, in such a fashion that its true edge touches the false edge of the said sword. Conjoined together, they’ll come to make an “X”, and over all hold your arms extended directly toward your enemy’s face, for your greater safety. Fourth and last: Once you’ve wounded your enemy, if he responds to your upper body and you want to protect yourself from his response with accompanied arms, you’ll follow the same rule as above. And also, when I speak of defending and offending hereafter, and I make mention of accompanying the arms together, you’ll follow the same method told above, always making the dagger be on the inside of the sword, so that you’ll have a great advantage, since you’ll have your sword freer to be able to wound the enemy, and especially so with a ''riverso'', and also when parrying your sword will be stronger by virtue of being supported by the dagger. </p>
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<p>Gio: Then I’ll tell you that when you step in the guards, while your sword goes into ''coda lunga stretta'', in the same ''tempo'' you’ll go into ''cinghiale porta di ferro alta'' with your dagger. And when your sword is fixed in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', you’ll fix your dagger in ''guardia di testa''. But when your sword falls into ''porta di ferro'',<ref>I.e., ''stretta'', see p. 38r</ref> you’ll lower your dagger into ''coda lunga alta''. And when you guide your sword into ''coda lunga alta'', you’ll also guide your dagger into ''porta di ferro alta''. Then when you raise your sword into  ''guardia d’alicorno'', you’ll lower your dagger into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. And this is the manner that you’ll have to follow in adopting the guards whether stepping forward or back, and on the diagonal as well, which can be done similarly with the sword accompanied by the cape. As for the recommendations, when you happen to parry with the dagger and you knock the enemy’s sword to the outside, that is, toward his right side, and especially his thrusts, you’ll hit it either with the flat or with the true edge thereof, depending upon the need, turning your wrist outwards well, and holding your arm well extended; but in the same ''tempo'' you’ll turn your body behind your right side, because doing so you’ll push the enemy’s blows further away, and protect yourself from them greatly. But when you knock it toward his left side, always hit it with the true edge of the dagger, turning your body in the opposite manner. And this is the first recommendation. The second: as you move your dagger to parry, also move the sword to attack, always accompanying the foot with the hand together with rotations of the body, as I’ve said. Third: when you want to join both weapons together in order to defend yourself, put your dagger on the inside of your sword, in such a fashion that its true edge touches the false edge of the said sword. Conjoined together, they’ll come to make an “X”, and over all hold your arms extended directly toward your enemy’s face, for your greater safety. Fourth and last: Once you’ve wounded your enemy, if he responds to your upper body and you want to protect yourself from his response with accompanied arms, you’ll follow the same rule as above. And also, when I speak of defending and offending hereafter, and I make mention of accompanying the arms together, you’ll follow the same method told above, always making the dagger be on the inside of the sword, so that you’ll have a great advantage, since you’ll have your sword freer to be able to wound the enemy, and especially so with a ''riverso'', and also when parrying your sword will be stronger by virtue of being supported by the dagger. </p>
 
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| <p>''Defense and offense of the sword and dagger together.''</p>
 
| <p>''Defense and offense of the sword and dagger together.''</p>
  
<p>Gio: First we’ll present the case that you find yourself facing your enemy with your sword in ''coda lunga stretta'', and your dagger in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'' <''alta''>, and that he throws a ''mandritto'' to your head. You’ll step forward with your left foot and go into ''guardia di testa'' with your dagger in order to protect yourself, and thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest in the same ''tempo'', followed by a ''riverso'' to the leg; or, once you’ve parried with the dagger, you can cut him with a ''riverso'' to the thigh, or turn a ''mandritto'' to the head or leg as you wish, and then you’ll immediately withdraw your left foot back a pace, raising your weapons together into ''guardia di testa'' in order to secure yourself against the response that comes to your upper body, having done which, you’ll return into the aforesaid guard. You can also parry with your weapons united, drawing your left foot near your right one in that ''tempo'', knock the enemy’s sword outwards with your dagger, and immediately advance with your right foot and slice him in the leg with a ''riverso''; and for your protection, draw your right foot near to your left one, extending a thrust at him under your dagger, having done which, you’ll put yourself back into the aforesaid guard. In addition to which you can defend yourself from the said ''mandritto'' with your sword accompanied by your dagger in ''guardia di faccia'', advance with your right foot in that ''tempo'', and thrust the point into his face, having done which you’ll settle yourself back into the guard named above. But if he wants to wound you with a ''mandritto'' to your leg, you can defend yourself with the true edge of your dagger, lowering its point toward the ground, and gliding forward with your right foot all in one ''tempo'', making your left one follow behind the right one. You can also draw your right leg along side your left one, thrusting the point toward his face in the company of your dagger, and immediately return into the guard that we’re discussing. But if he turns a ''riverso'' to your head, you can parry it with the true edge of your sword, sticking an ''imbroccata'' in his flank, so that your left foot pushes your right one forward; or, after you’ve parried the blow with your sword, you can turn a ''riverso'', either high or low, whichever seems better. Moreover, you can parry the said blow with your sword accompanied by your dagger in ''guardia d’entrare'', stepping forward with your left foot, and advance and thrust the point in his chest all in one ''tempo''. One can also defend said ''riverso'' with the sword, advancing somewhat with the right foot, then immediately passing forward with the left one, and giving him a thrust in the flank with the dagger; but once this is done, you’ll return to the guards employed. Now if perchance he throws a ''riverso'' to your leg, you can defend yourself with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance with your right foot and thrust an ''imbroccata'' into his face, making your dagger guard your head; having done which, you’ll settle into your guards. But if the enemy throws an overhand thrust, send your left foot forward and knock it toward your right side in that ''tempo'' with the true edge of your dagger, turning an overhand ''riverso'' to his head and making your right foot follow behind. You can also draw your left foot near to your right one, and parry with a ''mezzo mandritto'', then immediately advance with your right and thrust a ''punta riversa'', or cut him with a ''riverso tondo'', followed by another ''riverso'' with which you’ll go into your said guards along with your dagger. But if he throws a ''stoccata'', you can knock that outwards with your dagger and step forward with your right foot in that ''tempo'', thrusting the point into his chest, or giving him a ''mandritto'' to the leg. You can also withdraw you right foot back a pace and give him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to the sword hand in that ''tempo'', and having done so, return to the aforesaid guards. And this is the means you must follow in both defending yourself and offending the enemy when you’re fixed with your sword and dagger in these two guards named above. Now, coming to the second guards, when you have your sword in ''coda lunga alta'' and your dagger in ''porta di ferro alta'', and your enemy throws a ''mandritto'' to your head, you’ll raise your dagger into ''guardia di testa'', and then, protecting yourself from it, you’ll step forward with your right foot all in one ''tempo'', thrusting your point into his chest; or, in stepping forward, you can give him a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' across his sword arm, and immediately return back a pace with your right foot with both weapons together, and put yourself back into the said guards. Moreover, in stepping forward with your right foot, you can parry the said blow with your weapons accompanying each other, and cut him with a ''riverso'' to the leg, making your dagger remain in defense of your head. Additionally, in the advance of your feet you can proceed to protect yourself from the said ''mandritto'' with your sword in ''guardia di faccia'', together with your dagger, and thrust your point into his face in that ''tempo'', having done which, you’ll restore yourself into the aforesaid guards. But if he responds with a ''mandritto'' to your leg, you can parry it with the true edge of your dagger, lowering its point toward the ground, and in that instant you’ll step forward with your right foot and stick a ''stoccata'' into his face, followed by a ''mandritto'' to the leg; or draw your left leg back a pace, turning a ''riverso'' to his sword arm, and this accomplished, return into the guards named above. But if he turns a ''riverso'' to your head, you’ll parry it with the dagger, and immediately go forward with your right foot, thrusting a ''punta riversa'' to his chest, or cutting him with a ''riverso'' to the thigh. You could also parry the said blow with your sword in ''guardia d’entrare'', supported with your dagger, and step forward in the same ''tempo'' and thrust the point into his face, then immediately return your right foot back, accompanying yourself with a thrust with which you’ll settle into the aforesaid guards. But if perchance he responds with a ''riverso'' to your leg, you’ll draw your left foot near your right one, and thrust the point to his face in the same ''tempo''. Beyond which, you can pass forward with your right foot toward his left side, turning a ''riverso sgualimbro'' to his sword arm, having done which, you’ll return into the guards whereof we speak. But if the enemy wants to wound you with an ''imbroccata'' to the chest, you’ll knock that toward his left side with the true edge of your dagger, and turn an overhand ''riverso'' to his head in that ''tempo'', making your right foot follow behind your left one. Moreover, you could pass forward with your right foot, and in that passage parry the said thrust with a ''mandritto sgualimbro'', wounding his chest with a ''punta riversa'', and for your shelter you’ll return your right foot back a pace, raising both your weapons all in one ''tempo'' into ''guardia di testa'', and then you’ll settle yourself into the guards of which we speak. But if he throws an underhand thrust at you, you’ll knock that outwards with the dagger, that is, toward his right side, stepping forward with your right foot in that ''tempo'', and thrusting a ''stoccata'' to his flank, or turning a ''mandritto'' to his head or leg. Beyond which, while taking the step you could parry with the true edge of your sword and immediately cut him with a ''riverso'' to the face; or, while taking the step, you could adjoin the true edge of your sword with that of your enemy, and thrust the point into his chest. You could also draw your left foot back a pace, and wound him in the sword hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'' all in one ''tempo'', and immediately return into the aforesaid guards. And I believe that now you’ve heard well how to parry and attack when you’re facing your adversary arranged in them. </p>
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<p>Gio: First we’ll present the case that you find yourself facing your enemy with your sword in ''coda lunga stretta'', and your dagger in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'' [''alta''], and that he throws a ''mandritto'' to your head. You’ll step forward with your left foot and go into ''guardia di testa'' with your dagger in order to protect yourself, and thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest in the same ''tempo'', followed by a ''riverso'' to the leg; or, once you’ve parried with the dagger, you can cut him with a ''riverso'' to the thigh, or turn a ''mandritto'' to the head or leg as you wish, and then you’ll immediately withdraw your left foot back a pace, raising your weapons together into ''guardia di testa'' in order to secure yourself against the response that comes to your upper body, having done which, you’ll return into the aforesaid guard. You can also parry with your weapons united, drawing your left foot near your right one in that ''tempo'', knock the enemy’s sword outwards with your dagger, and immediately advance with your right foot and slice him in the leg with a ''riverso''; and for your protection, draw your right foot near to your left one, extending a thrust at him under your dagger, having done which, you’ll put yourself back into the aforesaid guard. In addition to which you can defend yourself from the said ''mandritto'' with your sword accompanied by your dagger in ''guardia di faccia'', advance with your right foot in that ''tempo'', and thrust the point into his face, having done which you’ll settle yourself back into the guard named above. But if he wants to wound you with a ''mandritto'' to your leg, you can defend yourself with the true edge of your dagger, lowering its point toward the ground, and gliding forward with your right foot all in one ''tempo'', making your left one follow behind the right one. You can also draw your right leg along side your left one, thrusting the point toward his face in the company of your dagger, and immediately return into the guard that we’re discussing. But if he turns a ''riverso'' to your head, you can parry it with the true edge of your sword, sticking an ''imbroccata'' in his flank, so that your left foot pushes your right one forward; or, after you’ve parried the blow with your sword, you can turn a ''riverso'', either high or low, whichever seems better. Moreover, you can parry the said blow with your sword accompanied by your dagger in ''guardia d’entrare'', stepping forward with your left foot, and advance and thrust the point in his chest all in one ''tempo''. One can also defend said ''riverso'' with the sword, advancing somewhat with the right foot, then immediately passing forward with the left one, and giving him a thrust in the flank with the dagger; but once this is done, you’ll return to the guards employed. Now if perchance he throws a ''riverso'' to your leg, you can defend yourself with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance with your right foot and thrust an ''imbroccata'' into his face, making your dagger guard your head; having done which, you’ll settle into your guards. But if the enemy throws an overhand thrust, send your left foot forward and knock it toward your right side in that ''tempo'' with the true edge of your dagger, turning an overhand ''riverso'' to his head and making your right foot follow behind. You can also draw your left foot near to your right one, and parry with a ''mezzo mandritto'', then immediately advance with your right and thrust a ''punta riversa'', or cut him with a ''riverso tondo'', followed by another ''riverso'' with which you’ll go into your said guards along with your dagger. But if he throws a ''stoccata'', you can knock that outwards with your dagger and step forward with your right foot in that ''tempo'', thrusting the point into his chest, or giving him a ''mandritto'' to the leg. You can also withdraw you right foot back a pace and give him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to the sword hand in that ''tempo'', and having done so, return to the aforesaid guards. And this is the means you must follow in both defending yourself and offending the enemy when you’re fixed with your sword and dagger in these two guards named above. Now, coming to the second guards, when you have your sword in ''coda lunga alta'' and your dagger in ''porta di ferro alta'', and your enemy throws a ''mandritto'' to your head, you’ll raise your dagger into ''guardia di testa'', and then, protecting yourself from it, you’ll step forward with your right foot all in one ''tempo'', thrusting your point into his chest; or, in stepping forward, you can give him a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' across his sword arm, and immediately return back a pace with your right foot with both weapons together, and put yourself back into the said guards. Moreover, in stepping forward with your right foot, you can parry the said blow with your weapons accompanying each other, and cut him with a ''riverso'' to the leg, making your dagger remain in defense of your head. Additionally, in the advance of your feet you can proceed to protect yourself from the said ''mandritto'' with your sword in ''guardia di faccia'', together with your dagger, and thrust your point into his face in that ''tempo'', having done which, you’ll restore yourself into the aforesaid guards. But if he responds with a ''mandritto'' to your leg, you can parry it with the true edge of your dagger, lowering its point toward the ground, and in that instant you’ll step forward with your right foot and stick a ''stoccata'' into his face, followed by a ''mandritto'' to the leg; or draw your left leg back a pace, turning a ''riverso'' to his sword arm, and this accomplished, return into the guards named above. But if he turns a ''riverso'' to your head, you’ll parry it with the dagger, and immediately go forward with your right foot, thrusting a ''punta riversa'' to his chest, or cutting him with a ''riverso'' to the thigh. You could also parry the said blow with your sword in ''guardia d’entrare'', supported with your dagger, and step forward in the same ''tempo'' and thrust the point into his face, then immediately return your right foot back, accompanying yourself with a thrust with which you’ll settle into the aforesaid guards. But if perchance he responds with a ''riverso'' to your leg, you’ll draw your left foot near your right one, and thrust the point to his face in the same ''tempo''. Beyond which, you can pass forward with your right foot toward his left side, turning a ''riverso sgualimbro'' to his sword arm, having done which, you’ll return into the guards whereof we speak. But if the enemy wants to wound you with an ''imbroccata'' to the chest, you’ll knock that toward his left side with the true edge of your dagger, and turn an overhand ''riverso'' to his head in that ''tempo'', making your right foot follow behind your left one. Moreover, you could pass forward with your right foot, and in that passage parry the said thrust with a ''mandritto sgualimbro'', wounding his chest with a ''punta riversa'', and for your shelter you’ll return your right foot back a pace, raising both your weapons all in one ''tempo'' into ''guardia di testa'', and then you’ll settle yourself into the guards of which we speak. But if he throws an underhand thrust at you, you’ll knock that outwards with the dagger, that is, toward his right side, stepping forward with your right foot in that ''tempo'', and thrusting a ''stoccata'' to his flank, or turning a ''mandritto'' to his head or leg. Beyond which, while taking the step you could parry with the true edge of your sword and immediately cut him with a ''riverso'' to the face; or, while taking the step, you could adjoin the true edge of your sword with that of your enemy, and thrust the point into his chest. You could also draw your left foot back a pace, and wound him in the sword hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'' all in one ''tempo'', and immediately return into the aforesaid guards. And I believe that now you’ve heard well how to parry and attack when you’re facing your adversary arranged in them. </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: Because having already shown to you in the discussion of the unaccompanied sword how to defend yourself from all the blows that can be thrown by the enemy, and the way to injure him, which (as I told you) also applies to these arts, whereof you’ll be able to avail yourself at your ease, I won’t repeat them to you. So, continuing, instead, to discuss the guards, I’ll tell you that finding yourself with your sword in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'' and your dagger in ''guardia di testa'', if your enemy throws a ''mandritto'' to your head, you can pass forward with your right foot and parry with the dagger, and thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest all in one ''tempo'', or wound him in the head with an underhand ''riverso''. You can also parry with your weapons adjoined, passing forward immediately with your right foot, thrusting an ''imbroccata'' to his face. Next, you can pass forward with your right foot and parry the said blow with the true edge of your sword, and wound him in the flank with an overhand thrust, having done which, you’ll return back a pace with your right foot together with a ''dritto tramazzone'', and fix yourself in the said guards. But if he throws a ''mandritto'' to your leg, you’ll draw back your left foot somewhat, thrust your point into his face in that ''tempo'', and swiftly return into your guards. And if he responds with a ''riverso'' to your head, you can parry it with your sword in ''guardia d’entrare'', accompanied by your dagger, passing forward with your right foot in that instant and thrusting your point into his face. You can also step forward with your right foot, and defend against it with a ''riverso sgualimbro'', and then wound him with an ''imbroccata'' to the chest, or turn a ''riverso'' to his head or leg, promptly returning back with your right foot with your weapons adjoined in ''guardia di testa'', and having done so settle yourself into the aforesaid guards. But if perchance he throws a ''riverso'' to your leg, you can glide forward with your right foot and protect yourself with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and throw a thrust to his face. Moreover, you could draw your left leg back a pace, and turn a ''tramazzone'' to his sword arm in the same ''tempo'', having done which, you’ll settle yourself in to the aforesaid guards. But when the enemy throws an overhand thrust to your chest, you’ll hit it toward his left side with the true edge of your dagger without taking any step, turning an overhand ''riverso'' all in one ''tempo'', making your right foot follow behind your left one. You could also parry it with the false edge of your sword, and step forward with your right foot in the same ''tempo'', turning a ''riverso'' to his leg, and having done so, return your right foot back a pace together with a thrust accompanied by your dagger, with which you’ll return yourself into the guards whereof we speak. But if he thrusts a ''stoccata'' to your face, you’ll ward that with the true edge of your sword, stepping forward with your right foot, thrusting the point into his chest, or immediately upon having parried, you’ll turn a ''riverso'' to his leg. During the taking of a step you could, moreover, place the forte of the true edge of your sword along with that of your dagger upon the said ''stoccata'' and immediately thrust your point into his face all in one ''tempo''. Additionally, you can parry it with your dagger and cut his thigh with a ''riverso'', and immediately return into the guards employed. And these are the defenses that can be done when you’re in these guards of which we’ve now spoken. At present the  ''guardia d’alicorno'' with the right foot forward remains to be discussed. When your sword is fixed therein and your dagger is in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', and your enemy wants to wound you with a ''mandritto'' to the head, you can pass forward with your left foot and raise your dagger into ''guardia di testa'', with which you’ll protect yourself from it. But in the same ''tempo'', turn a ''mandritto'' to his head or leg, or thrust the point into his chest. While he throws the said ''mandritto'', you can also step forward with your right foot and give him a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' to his sword hand, but having done so, you’ll put yourself back into the aforesaid guards. And if he throws a ''mandritto'' to your leg instead, you’ll draw your right foot back a pace, thrusting an ''imbroccata'' into his face, or turn a ''mandritto'' to his right arm, having done which, you’ll restore yourself into your guards. But if he responds to you with a ''riverso'' to the head, you’ll draw your left foot behind your right one <this should probably be “near your right one”>, and protect yourself in that ''tempo'' with your sword in the same guard, then immediately step forward with your right foot, thrusting the point into his chest and making your dagger lie in defense of your head. You can also step forward with your left foot and parry it with your dagger, and wound him with a ''mandritto'' to the leg, having done which, you’ll return into the guards that we’re speaking of. But if your enemy turns a ''riverso'' to your leg, you’ll draw your right foot back, throwing an ''imbroccata'' to his face, or turn a ''mandritto'' to his sword hand, and having done so, return into the said guards in use. But if he throws an overhand thrust, you can parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and immediately cut him with a ''riverso tondo'', making your left foot push your right one forward, after which you’ll restore yourself similarly to the said guards. But if he throws a ''stoccata'' to your face, you’ll hit it toward his right side with your dagger, drawing your left foot near your right one in that ''tempo'', and immediately advance with your right foot, thrusting the point into his flank or turning a ''mandritto'' to his leg. Next, you can parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto sgualimbro'', and wound him in the chest with a ''punta riversa'', and after this you’ll return to the aforesaid guards. </p>
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| <p>Gio: Because having already shown to you in the discussion of the unaccompanied sword how to defend yourself from all the blows that can be thrown by the enemy, and the way to injure him, which (as I told you) also applies to these arts, whereof you’ll be able to avail yourself at your ease, I won’t repeat them to you. So, continuing, instead, to discuss the guards, I’ll tell you that finding yourself with your sword in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'' and your dagger in ''guardia di testa'', if your enemy throws a ''mandritto'' to your head, you can pass forward with your right foot and parry with the dagger, and thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest all in one ''tempo'', or wound him in the head with an underhand ''riverso''. You can also parry with your weapons adjoined, passing forward immediately with your right foot, thrusting an ''imbroccata'' to his face. Next, you can pass forward with your right foot and parry the said blow with the true edge of your sword, and wound him in the flank with an overhand thrust, having done which, you’ll return back a pace with your right foot together with a ''dritto tramazzone'', and fix yourself in the said guards. But if he throws a ''mandritto'' to your leg, you’ll draw back your left foot somewhat, thrust your point into his face in that ''tempo'', and swiftly return into your guards. And if he responds with a ''riverso'' to your head, you can parry it with your sword in ''guardia d’entrare'', accompanied by your dagger, passing forward with your right foot in that instant and thrusting your point into his face. You can also step forward with your right foot, and defend against it with a ''riverso sgualimbro'', and then wound him with an ''imbroccata'' to the chest, or turn a ''riverso'' to his head or leg, promptly returning back with your right foot with your weapons adjoined in ''guardia di testa'', and having done so settle yourself into the aforesaid guards. But if perchance he throws a ''riverso'' to your leg, you can glide forward with your right foot and protect yourself with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and throw a thrust to his face. Moreover, you could draw your left leg back a pace, and turn a ''tramazzone'' to his sword arm in the same ''tempo'', having done which, you’ll settle yourself in to the aforesaid guards. But when the enemy throws an overhand thrust to your chest, you’ll hit it toward his left side with the true edge of your dagger without taking any step, turning an overhand ''riverso'' all in one ''tempo'', making your right foot follow behind your left one. You could also parry it with the false edge of your sword, and step forward with your right foot in the same ''tempo'', turning a ''riverso'' to his leg, and having done so, return your right foot back a pace together with a thrust accompanied by your dagger, with which you’ll return yourself into the guards whereof we speak. But if he thrusts a ''stoccata'' to your face, you’ll ward that with the true edge of your sword, stepping forward with your right foot, thrusting the point into his chest, or immediately upon having parried, you’ll turn a ''riverso'' to his leg. During the taking of a step you could, moreover, place the forte of the true edge of your sword along with that of your dagger upon the said ''stoccata'' and immediately thrust your point into his face all in one ''tempo''. Additionally, you can parry it with your dagger and cut his thigh with a ''riverso'', and immediately return into the guards employed. And these are the defenses that can be done when you’re in these guards of which we’ve now spoken. At present the  ''guardia d’alicorno'' with the right foot forward remains to be discussed. When your sword is fixed therein and your dagger is in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', and your enemy wants to wound you with a ''mandritto'' to the head, you can pass forward with your left foot and raise your dagger into ''guardia di testa'', with which you’ll protect yourself from it. But in the same ''tempo'', turn a ''mandritto'' to his head or leg, or thrust the point into his chest. While he throws the said ''mandritto'', you can also step forward with your right foot and give him a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' to his sword hand, but having done so, you’ll put yourself back into the aforesaid guards. And if he throws a ''mandritto'' to your leg instead, you’ll draw your right foot back a pace, thrusting an ''imbroccata'' into his face, or turn a ''mandritto'' to his right arm, having done which, you’ll restore yourself into your guards. But if he responds to you with a ''riverso'' to the head, you’ll draw your left foot behind your right one,<ref>This should probably be “near your right one”.</ref> and protect yourself in that ''tempo'' with your sword in the same guard, then immediately step forward with your right foot, thrusting the point into his chest and making your dagger lie in defense of your head. You can also step forward with your left foot and parry it with your dagger, and wound him with a ''mandritto'' to the leg, having done which, you’ll return into the guards that we’re speaking of. But if your enemy turns a ''riverso'' to your leg, you’ll draw your right foot back, throwing an ''imbroccata'' to his face, or turn a ''mandritto'' to his sword hand, and having done so, return into the said guards in use. But if he throws an overhand thrust, you can parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and immediately cut him with a ''riverso tondo'', making your left foot push your right one forward, after which you’ll restore yourself similarly to the said guards. But if he throws a ''stoccata'' to your face, you’ll hit it toward his right side with your dagger, drawing your left foot near your right one in that ''tempo'', and immediately advance with your right foot, thrusting the point into his flank or turning a ''mandritto'' to his leg. Next, you can parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto sgualimbro'', and wound him in the chest with a ''punta riversa'', and after this you’ll return to the aforesaid guards. </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: Then, finding yourself with your sword in ''coda lunga stretta'' and your dagger in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'' <''alta''>, if your enemy thrusts a ''punta riversa'' to your face in order to give you a ''riverso'' to your leg, you’ll defend yourself from the said thrust with the false edge of your sword. But when he turns the ''riverso'', you’ll immediately draw your right foot back a pace and turn a ''dritto tramazzone'' in that ''tempo'' to his sword arm, which will fall into ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', and you’ll go into ''guardia di testa'' with your dagger. Now, if your enemy responds to you with a ''stoccata'' to your flank in order to give you a ''mandritto'' to your head, you’ll parry it with the true edge of your sword, but during the turning of the ''mandritto'' toward you, you’ll swiftly direct your right foot forward, and go into guard <not specified> with your sword all in one ''tempo'', thrusting the point into his face, followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'' with which you’ll fix yourself in ''porta di ferro stretta'' with your dagger in ''coda lunga alta''. But if he feints a ''riverso'' to your head for the purpose of wounding you with a similar one to the leg, to the first one you’ll raise your sword into ''guardia di testa'', but in the turning of the second one, you’ll draw your right foot back a pace and in one same ''tempo'' give him a ''riverso'' to his right arm, and thereby your sword will rest in ''coda lunga alta'' and your dagger in ''porta di ferro''. Now if he throws a ''mandritto'' to your head or leg (but we’ll posit that it’s to the head), you’ll go into ''guardia di testa'' with your dagger in order to defend yourself, stepping promptly forward with your right foot, thrusting a ''stoccata'' to his chest. And if he throws it to your leg, you’ll parry with the true edge of your dagger, lowering its point toward the ground, and you’ll pass forward with your right foot in that instant, giving him a ''mandritto'' to the head or the leg which will be followed by a ''riverso ridoppio'', and with it you’ll thereby go into  ''guardia d’alicorno'', and your dagger will rest in ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. But if he happens to give you a false thrust to the face in order to wound you with a ''mandritto'' to the leg, you’ll assure yourself against the said thrust with your dagger without moving your feet. And if he indeed wishes to wound you with the ''mandritto'', you’ll immediately draw your right foot back a pace, accompanied by a ''riverso'' from beneath upward, with which you’ll restore yourself to  ''guardia d’alicorno'' with the left foot forward, and with your dagger in ''porta di ferro alta''. Now if the enemy responds to you with a ''mandritto'', or a ''riverso'', or a thrust, you can parry with your dagger and immediately advance toward his left side with your right foot and thrust the point into his chest, and with this I’ll put an end to the variations of the guards, in which I’ve shown how they can be done. It is indeed true that they could be spoken of more extensively, but since we’re studying briefly we’ll refrain from discussing them more for now, especially since I want to show the method that you’ll have to follow in provoking your enemy, and also in wounding him, when he doesn’t want to throw any blows, so that you’ll be able to avail yourself of it when the occasion arises. </p>
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| <p>Gio: Then, finding yourself with your sword in ''coda lunga stretta'' and your dagger in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'' [''alta''], if your enemy thrusts a ''punta riversa'' to your face in order to give you a ''riverso'' to your leg, you’ll defend yourself from the said thrust with the false edge of your sword. But when he turns the ''riverso'', you’ll immediately draw your right foot back a pace and turn a ''dritto tramazzone'' in that ''tempo'' to his sword arm, which will fall into ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', and you’ll go into ''guardia di testa'' with your dagger. Now, if your enemy responds to you with a ''stoccata'' to your flank in order to give you a ''mandritto'' to your head, you’ll parry it with the true edge of your sword, but during the turning of the ''mandritto'' toward you, you’ll swiftly direct your right foot forward, and go into guard<ref>Not specified.</ref> with your sword all in one ''tempo'', thrusting the point into his face, followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'' with which you’ll fix yourself in ''porta di ferro stretta'' with your dagger in ''coda lunga alta''. But if he feints a ''riverso'' to your head for the purpose of wounding you with a similar one to the leg, to the first one you’ll raise your sword into ''guardia di testa'', but in the turning of the second one, you’ll draw your right foot back a pace and in one same ''tempo'' give him a ''riverso'' to his right arm, and thereby your sword will rest in ''coda lunga alta'' and your dagger in ''porta di ferro''. Now if he throws a ''mandritto'' to your head or leg (but we’ll posit that it’s to the head), you’ll go into ''guardia di testa'' with your dagger in order to defend yourself, stepping promptly forward with your right foot, thrusting a ''stoccata'' to his chest. And if he throws it to your leg, you’ll parry with the true edge of your dagger, lowering its point toward the ground, and you’ll pass forward with your right foot in that instant, giving him a ''mandritto'' to the head or the leg which will be followed by a ''riverso ridoppio'', and with it you’ll thereby go into  ''guardia d’alicorno'', and your dagger will rest in ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. But if he happens to give you a false thrust to the face in order to wound you with a ''mandritto'' to the leg, you’ll assure yourself against the said thrust with your dagger without moving your feet. And if he indeed wishes to wound you with the ''mandritto'', you’ll immediately draw your right foot back a pace, accompanied by a ''riverso'' from beneath upward, with which you’ll restore yourself to  ''guardia d’alicorno'' with the left foot forward, and with your dagger in ''porta di ferro alta''. Now if the enemy responds to you with a ''mandritto'', or a ''riverso'', or a thrust, you can parry with your dagger and immediately advance toward his left side with your right foot and thrust the point into his chest, and with this I’ll put an end to the variations of the guards, in which I’ve shown how they can be done. It is indeed true that they could be spoken of more extensively, but since we’re studying briefly we’ll refrain from discussing them more for now, especially since I want to show the method that you’ll have to follow in provoking your enemy, and also in wounding him, when he doesn’t want to throw any blows, so that you’ll be able to avail yourself of it when the occasion arises. </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: It can, but it needs to be done with great judgment, owing to it being less safe, which isn’t the case when done with the accompanied sword. Now note the counters to the aforesaid provocations, which are: when he performs the ''falso'' and ''mandritto'' on your sword, you’ll immediately step forward toward his left side with your right foot and turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' in that step, with which you’ll return into your guards. But if he turns the ''tramazzone'', draw back your hands and body somewhat, putting your weight on your back foot, letting his blow miss you, and immediately thrust your point into his face. But if he throws the ''falso'' to your hands from beneath upwards, you can drive it toward the ground with the true edge of your sword, swiftly slicing him in the face with a ''riverso''. But when he throws the false thrust to your left temple <above, the blow is “a false thrust to his face from under your dagger”> in order to give you a ''mandritto'' to the leg, you can parry the said thrust with your dagger, and when he turns the ''mandritto'', you’ll go forward with your right foot, hitting it with the false edge of your sword, accompanied by your dagger, making its <i.e. your sword’s—“di essa”> point go towards the ground, and immediately slice him in the thigh with a ''riverso'', or draw back your right foot a pace and give him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to his sword hand in that ''tempo''. But if after the aforesaid thrust <possibly the ''punta riversa'' feinted to the face, above; if so, the counter to the ''mandritto tondo'' to the head appears to have been omitted> he turns a ''riverso'' to your leg, you can parry it with a ''riverso ridoppio'', thrusting an ''imbroccata'' to his chest, or draw back your right foot, hitting his right arm with a ''riverso sgualimbro'' all in one ''tempo''. But if he throws the ''stoccata'' to your chest, you’ll immediately turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' to his sword arm, stepping diagonally with your right foot in that ''tempo'', making your left foot follow behind it, and your sword will lie in ''coda lunga stretta'' and dagger in ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. Then if your enemy advances forward to press you, you can direct your right foot along the diagonal, turning your body behind your right side and turning a ''riverso tramazzone'' to his arms in the same ''tempo'', or giving him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to the hands instead. And these are the counters to the aforesaid provocations. </p>
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| <p>Gio: It can, but it needs to be done with great judgment, owing to it being less safe, which isn’t the case when done with the accompanied sword. Now note the counters to the aforesaid provocations, which are: when he performs the ''falso'' and ''mandritto'' on your sword, you’ll immediately step forward toward his left side with your right foot and turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' in that step, with which you’ll return into your guards. But if he turns the ''tramazzone'', draw back your hands and body somewhat, putting your weight on your back foot, letting his blow miss you, and immediately thrust your point into his face. But if he throws the ''falso'' to your hands from beneath upwards, you can drive it toward the ground with the true edge of your sword, swiftly slicing him in the face with a ''riverso''. But when he throws the false thrust to your left temple<ref>Above, the blow is “a false thrust to his face from under your dagger”.</ref> in order to give you a ''mandritto'' to the leg, you can parry the said thrust with your dagger, and when he turns the ''mandritto'', you’ll go forward with your right foot, hitting it with the false edge of your sword, accompanied by your dagger, making its<ref>I.e., your sword’s—“di essa”.</ref> point go towards the ground, and immediately slice him in the thigh with a ''riverso'', or draw back your right foot a pace and give him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to his sword hand in that ''tempo''. But if after the aforesaid thrust<ref>Possibly the ''punta riversa'' feinted to the face, above; if so, the counter to the ''mandritto tondo'' to the head appears to have been omitted.</ref> he turns a ''riverso'' to your leg, you can parry it with a ''riverso ridoppio'', thrusting an ''imbroccata'' to his chest, or draw back your right foot, hitting his right arm with a ''riverso sgualimbro'' all in one ''tempo''. But if he throws the ''stoccata'' to your chest, you’ll immediately turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' to his sword arm, stepping diagonally with your right foot in that ''tempo'', making your left foot follow behind it, and your sword will lie in ''coda lunga stretta'' and dagger in ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. Then if your enemy advances forward to press you, you can direct your right foot along the diagonal, turning your body behind your right side and turning a ''riverso tramazzone'' to his arms in the same ''tempo'', or giving him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to the hands instead. And these are the counters to the aforesaid provocations. </p>
 
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| <p>''Second manner of provoking and offending the enemy.''</p>
 
| <p>''Second manner of provoking and offending the enemy.''</p>
  
<p>Gio: Now, turning to the second manner of provoking the enemy, when both are lying with their swords in ''coda lunga alta'' and daggers in ''porta di ferro'' <i.e. ''alta'', see p. 35recto>, you can provoke him with a ''falso dritto'' or two directed toward his dagger hand, and then advance with your right foot all in one ''tempo'' and thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest from outside his right side, followed by a ''riverso'' to the leg. You can also advance with your right foot, throwing a ''mezzo mandritto'' to his dagger hand followed by a ''riverso sgualimbro'', or, during the advance, extend an overhand thrust with which you’ll fix yourself in ''porta di ferro stretta'' with your dagger in ''coda lunga alta''. Next, during the advance of your right foot you can extend a false thrust to his face, followed by a ''mandritto'' to his leg; or, after you’ve extended the said thrust, you can make a pretense of turning a ''mandritto'' to his head, but instead turn a ''riverso'' to his leg. And this is the second manner of provoking the enemy and also of wounding him, being in the two guards mentioned above. </p>
+
<p>Gio: Now, turning to the second manner of provoking the enemy, when both are lying with their swords in ''coda lunga alta'' and daggers in ''porta di ferro''<ref>I.e., ''alta'', see p. 35r.</ref>, you can provoke him with a ''falso dritto'' or two directed toward his dagger hand, and then advance with your right foot all in one ''tempo'' and thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest from outside his right side, followed by a ''riverso'' to the leg. You can also advance with your right foot, throwing a ''mezzo mandritto'' to his dagger hand followed by a ''riverso sgualimbro'', or, during the advance, extend an overhand thrust with which you’ll fix yourself in ''porta di ferro stretta'' with your dagger in ''coda lunga alta''. Next, during the advance of your right foot you can extend a false thrust to his face, followed by a ''mandritto'' to his leg; or, after you’ve extended the said thrust, you can make a pretense of turning a ''mandritto'' to his head, but instead turn a ''riverso'' to his leg. And this is the second manner of provoking the enemy and also of wounding him, being in the two guards mentioned above. </p>
 
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| <p>''Third manner of provoking and attacking.''</p>
 
| <p>''Third manner of provoking and attacking.''</p>
  
<p>Now listen to the third manner of provoking and attacking the enemy, which is that when both of you have your swords in ''porta di ferro stretta'' and daggers in ''coda lunga alta'', you can hit the false edge of your sword against that of the enemy and slice him in the face with a ''mandritto'', making your left foot push the right one forward; or instead feint a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his head, nonetheless turning a ''riverso'' to his thigh. You can also thrust a ''punta riversa'' to his face, passing forward with your left foot and immediately advancing with your right one, turn a ''riverso'' to his leg, or wound him in the flank with an overhand thrust. Moreover, you can throw the said thrust with a step of your right foot, and immediately pass forward with your left one and beat his sword outwards under yours with your dagger, and give him a ''mandritto'' to the leg all in one ''tempo''. After this you can also extend two punte riverse; the first is done passing toward his right side with your left foot, extending it toward his face, and as he raises his sword in order to defend against it, you’ll immediately advance with your right foot and beat his sword outward with your dagger, sticking the second one into his chest. And this is the third manner of provoking the enemy in these two guards. Now listen to its counters. The first one will be that as he hits your sword with the false edge, you’ll draw back your right foot, turning a ''mandritto'' to his sword hand all in one ''tempo'', which will fall into ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', and your dagger will go into ''guardia di testa''. Second, during his feint of the ''tramazzone'', you’ll raise your dagger into ''guardia di testa'', and as he turns the ''riverso'' to your thigh, you’ll parry it with the true edge of your sword, lowering its point toward the ground, and immediately push an overhand thrust into his chest. Third, when he thrusts the ''imbroccata'', or turns the ''riverso'' instead <note that no counter to this provocation’s initial ''punta riversa'' to the face is described>, you’ll draw your right foot back a pace, turning a ''riverso sgualimbro'' to his sword arm in that ''tempo''. Fourth, during his extension of the aforesaid thrust with the right foot forward in order to give you a ''mandritto'' to the leg, you’ll parry it with your sword in ''guardia d’entrare''; but in the step forward that he takes with his left foot in order to beat with the dagger, in defense of it you’ll draw your right foot back a pace, together with a ''riverso'' with which you’ll go into ''coda lunga alta''. Fifth and last, when he extends the two thrusts, you’ll defend against the first one with the false edge of your sword, but as he steps with his right foot in order to throw the second one, you’ll immediately step toward his right side with your left foot, and hit him with your dagger, but in the same instant you’ll turn an overhand ''riverso'' to his head, making your right foot follow behind your left one. And with this I’ve brought the counters to these other provocations and attacks to an end.</p>
+
<p>Now listen to the third manner of provoking and attacking the enemy, which is that when both of you have your swords in ''porta di ferro stretta'' and daggers in ''coda lunga alta'', you can hit the false edge of your sword against that of the enemy and slice him in the face with a ''mandritto'', making your left foot push the right one forward; or instead feint a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his head, nonetheless turning a ''riverso'' to his thigh. You can also thrust a ''punta riversa'' to his face, passing forward with your left foot and immediately advancing with your right one, turn a ''riverso'' to his leg, or wound him in the flank with an overhand thrust. Moreover, you can throw the said thrust with a step of your right foot, and immediately pass forward with your left one and beat his sword outwards under yours with your dagger, and give him a ''mandritto'' to the leg all in one ''tempo''. After this you can also extend two punte riverse; the first is done passing toward his right side with your left foot, extending it toward his face, and as he raises his sword in order to defend against it, you’ll immediately advance with your right foot and beat his sword outward with your dagger, sticking the second one into his chest. And this is the third manner of provoking the enemy in these two guards. Now listen to its counters. The first one will be that as he hits your sword with the false edge, you’ll draw back your right foot, turning a ''mandritto'' to his sword hand all in one ''tempo'', which will fall into ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', and your dagger will go into ''guardia di testa''. Second, during his feint of the ''tramazzone'', you’ll raise your dagger into ''guardia di testa'', and as he turns the ''riverso'' to your thigh, you’ll parry it with the true edge of your sword, lowering its point toward the ground, and immediately push an overhand thrust into his chest. Third, when he thrusts the ''imbroccata'', or turns the ''riverso'' instead,<ref>Note that no counter to this provocation’s initial ''punta riversa'' to the face is described.</ref> you’ll draw your right foot back a pace, turning a ''riverso sgualimbro'' to his sword arm in that ''tempo''. Fourth, during his extension of the aforesaid thrust with the right foot forward in order to give you a ''mandritto'' to the leg, you’ll parry it with your sword in ''guardia d’entrare''; but in the step forward that he takes with his left foot in order to beat with the dagger, in defense of it you’ll draw your right foot back a pace, together with a ''riverso'' with which you’ll go into ''coda lunga alta''. Fifth and last, when he extends the two thrusts, you’ll defend against the first one with the false edge of your sword, but as he steps with his right foot in order to throw the second one, you’ll immediately step toward his right side with your left foot, and hit him with your dagger, but in the same instant you’ll turn an overhand ''riverso'' to his head, making your right foot follow behind your left one. And with this I’ve brought the counters to these other provocations and attacks to an end.</p>
  
 
<p>Now listen to the fourth, in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', which will be that when you and your enemy find yourselves lying with your swords in the said guard and your daggers in ''guardia di testa'', you can extend a thrust to his face, stepping forward with your right foot, and follow it with a ''riverso'' to his leg. Or, instead, once you’ve extended the said thrust, you can turn two ''mandritti'' to his head, making the last one fall into ''porta di ferro alta''. Next, you can step forward with your right foot, and immediately turn a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his sword arm, or, in the step with the said foot, you can make a sign of throwing a ''punta riversa'' to his face, but nonetheless make a half turn of your fist, immediately thrusting an ''imbroccata'' into his flank. And these are the ways that you can provoke your enemy, being in these two aforesaid guards; which provocations are performed more in order to incite the enemy to respond than for any other reason. </p>
 
<p>Now listen to the fourth, in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', which will be that when you and your enemy find yourselves lying with your swords in the said guard and your daggers in ''guardia di testa'', you can extend a thrust to his face, stepping forward with your right foot, and follow it with a ''riverso'' to his leg. Or, instead, once you’ve extended the said thrust, you can turn two ''mandritti'' to his head, making the last one fall into ''porta di ferro alta''. Next, you can step forward with your right foot, and immediately turn a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his sword arm, or, in the step with the said foot, you can make a sign of throwing a ''punta riversa'' to his face, but nonetheless make a half turn of your fist, immediately thrusting an ''imbroccata'' into his flank. And these are the ways that you can provoke your enemy, being in these two aforesaid guards; which provocations are performed more in order to incite the enemy to respond than for any other reason. </p>
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| <p>Gio: These are the counters. As he throws the thrust with his left foot forward, you’ll parry that with your true edge, and as he raises his cape in order to thrust the other one, immediately going toward his left side with your left foot you’ll hit it with your cape, and in the same ''tempo'' you’ll turn an overhand ''riverso'' to his head. But if after he’s thrown the aforesaid thrust he wants to wound you with a ''riverso'' to the leg, in defense against the thrust you’ll hit that with your false edge; but in the turning of the ''riverso'', you’ll draw your right foot behind your left one, giving him a ''riverso sgualimbro'' to the sword arm in that ''tempo''. But if he feints a ''mandritto'' in order to give you a ''riverso'' to the head <the provocation specified a ''mandritto'' to the head followed by a ''riverso'' to the thigh>, without stepping you’ll wound him in the sword hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and for defense from the ''riverso'' you’ll go into ''guardia d’entrare'' with your sword, thrusting your point into his face. Now as he steps with his left foot and turns the ''tramazzone'', you’ll immediately go into ''porta di ferro'' with your sword in order to render yourself secure. But if he throws the thrust to your cape hand, you’ll lift up your left arm somewhat, turning your body behind your right side, wounding your enemy’s hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'' in that ''tempo''. Then, when he wants to throw the thrust between your sword and your cape, you’ll knock that down with your true edge. But in the step that he takes with his left foot in order to enfold you in his cape or cast it into your face, you’ll promptly draw your right foot back a pace, slicing him in the leg with a ''riverso'' in that ''tempo'', making your cape protect your head. And these are the counters. Now note the second manner of provoking the enemy, when both of you have your swords in ''coda lunga alta'' and your capes in ''porta di ferro alta''. You can pass forward with your right foot and provoke him with a ''falso'' and a ''mandritto'', with which you’ll fix yourself in ''porta di ferro'', and with your cape in ''coda lunga alta''. After you’ve stepped with the aforesaid foot you can also feint a thrust to his face over your cape, and immediately turn a ''mandritto'' to his leg, or thrust a ''punta riversa'' instead, followed by a ''riverso'' to his leg with which you’ll go into ''coda lunga stretta'' with your cape in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', and with these provocations he’ll be forced to respond to you. </p>
+
| <p>Gio: These are the counters. As he throws the thrust with his left foot forward, you’ll parry that with your true edge, and as he raises his cape in order to thrust the other one, immediately going toward his left side with your left foot you’ll hit it with your cape, and in the same ''tempo'' you’ll turn an overhand ''riverso'' to his head. But if after he’s thrown the aforesaid thrust he wants to wound you with a ''riverso'' to the leg, in defense against the thrust you’ll hit that with your false edge; but in the turning of the ''riverso'', you’ll draw your right foot behind your left one, giving him a ''riverso sgualimbro'' to the sword arm in that ''tempo''. But if he feints a ''mandritto'' in order to give you a ''riverso'' to the head,<ref>The provocation specified a ''mandritto'' to the head followed by a ''riverso'' to the thigh.</ref> without stepping you’ll wound him in the sword hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and for defense from the ''riverso'' you’ll go into ''guardia d’entrare'' with your sword, thrusting your point into his face. Now as he steps with his left foot and turns the ''tramazzone'', you’ll immediately go into ''porta di ferro'' with your sword in order to render yourself secure. But if he throws the thrust to your cape hand, you’ll lift up your left arm somewhat, turning your body behind your right side, wounding your enemy’s hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'' in that ''tempo''. Then, when he wants to throw the thrust between your sword and your cape, you’ll knock that down with your true edge. But in the step that he takes with his left foot in order to enfold you in his cape or cast it into your face, you’ll promptly draw your right foot back a pace, slicing him in the leg with a ''riverso'' in that ''tempo'', making your cape protect your head. And these are the counters. Now note the second manner of provoking the enemy, when both of you have your swords in ''coda lunga alta'' and your capes in ''porta di ferro alta''. You can pass forward with your right foot and provoke him with a ''falso'' and a ''mandritto'', with which you’ll fix yourself in ''porta di ferro'', and with your cape in ''coda lunga alta''. After you’ve stepped with the aforesaid foot you can also feint a thrust to his face over your cape, and immediately turn a ''mandritto'' to his leg, or thrust a ''punta riversa'' instead, followed by a ''riverso'' to his leg with which you’ll go into ''coda lunga stretta'' with your cape in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', and with these provocations he’ll be forced to respond to you. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: So it is, but tell me, why is carrying the lance in the pouch <borsetta> almost never done anymore? </p>
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| <p>Lep: So it is, but tell me, why is carrying the lance in the pouch<ref>Borsetta.</ref> almost never done anymore? </p>
 
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| <p>''Armaments of the lance.''</p>
 
| <p>''Armaments of the lance.''</p>
  
<p>And beginning with the grapper, it should be placed about an inch from the grip; and that part of it that has to hit into the lance-rest shouldn’t be wider than two fifths of an inch, because if it were wider, when couching the lance it could easily touch the cuirass, whereby it would impede the blow. But being narrow, this danger wouldn’t occur. Now, coming to the coronel that goes on the head of the lance, it should be made of excellent steel, with six teeth on the tip which need to open well outwards, because by doing so it’ll break on the helm more safely; and it should be one inch long, not counting the teeth, or a bit longer, covered over in such a fashion that it can’t break through during the impact, and above all it should be well tempered so that it will bite into helms, which ordinarily are always very hard. And so that you understand, good coronels made with an excellent temper have very often won the prize of the joust. Then there is the vamplate which goes at least four inches above the grip of the lance, because if it were high <i.e. too distal> it would fail to armor the right shoulder and could easily be damaged by the adversary’s lance, the said vamplate being that which defends the entire right arm. And therefore it should be arranged in a manner that is steady and placed with good judgment, because if it were too low instead, its edge could touch the cuirass when wishing to deliver the blow, whereby it would impede the breaking of the lance. But if it were positioned in the way that I’ve said, these perils would be avoided. </p>
+
<p>And beginning with the grapper, it should be placed about an inch from the grip; and that part of it that has to hit into the lance-rest shouldn’t be wider than two fifths of an inch, because if it were wider, when couching the lance it could easily touch the cuirass, whereby it would impede the blow. But being narrow, this danger wouldn’t occur. Now, coming to the coronel that goes on the head of the lance, it should be made of excellent steel, with six teeth on the tip which need to open well outwards, because by doing so it’ll break on the helm more safely; and it should be one inch long, not counting the teeth, or a bit longer, covered over in such a fashion that it can’t break through during the impact, and above all it should be well tempered so that it will bite into helms, which ordinarily are always very hard. And so that you understand, good coronels made with an excellent temper have very often won the prize of the joust. Then there is the vamplate which goes at least four inches above the grip of the lance, because if it were high<ref>I.e., too distal.</ref> it would fail to armor the right shoulder and could easily be damaged by the adversary’s lance, the said vamplate being that which defends the entire right arm. And therefore it should be arranged in a manner that is steady and placed with good judgment, because if it were too low instead, its edge could touch the cuirass when wishing to deliver the blow, whereby it would impede the breaking of the lance. But if it were positioned in the way that I’ve said, these perils would be avoided. </p>
 
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| <p>''Lance-rest.''</p>
 
| <p>''Lance-rest.''</p>
  
<p>Gio: Now as for the jousting rest, it should be three inches long at most, because if it were longer it wouldn’t be reliable for putting the lance on, considering that your hand could easily go on the inside of it, or when lowering the lance your arm could bump into the lance-rest from it being too long, in consequence whereof you could only deliver the blow with great effort. On also has to be advised that the said lance-rest should be arched upward <i.e. so that the concavity is upward> somewhat so that the lance goes on top of it with greater surety, and finally it’s necessary to recommend that in attaching it to the cuirass, it’s better to be higher than low, namely, on the right breast. But above all, arrange it in such a fashion that the forward edge of the said lance-rest faces somewhat upward, so that the butt of the lance is placed upon it when wanting to deliver the blow, because if it were placed on the rear edge, the lance would not be as sure to break, as it could slip out of it. And these are the things relevant to the lance-rest. </p>
+
<p>Gio: Now as for the jousting rest, it should be three inches long at most, because if it were longer it wouldn’t be reliable for putting the lance on, considering that your hand could easily go on the inside of it, or when lowering the lance your arm could bump into the lance-rest from it being too long, in consequence whereof you could only deliver the blow with great effort. On also has to be advised that the said lance-rest should be arched upward<ref>I.e., so that the concavity is upward.</ref> somewhat so that the lance goes on top of it with greater surety, and finally it’s necessary to recommend that in attaching it to the cuirass, it’s better to be higher than low, namely, on the right breast. But above all, arrange it in such a fashion that the forward edge of the said lance-rest faces somewhat upward, so that the butt of the lance is placed upon it when wanting to deliver the blow, because if it were placed on the rear edge, the lance would not be as sure to break, as it could slip out of it. And these are the things relevant to the lance-rest. </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: I have at once drawn from my pocket this card, whereon is the diagram, at the time to show it to you. So have a look at it. This measure is only half a foot, that is, six inches, which as you see are divided evenly, and can be doubled in order to make a whole foot. <The diagram is reproduced along the right edge of the page of the original, labeled “This is the measure of the half foot, that is, six inches.”> </p>
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| <p>Gio: I have at once drawn from my pocket this card, whereon is the diagram, at the time to show it to you. So have a look at it. This measure is only half a foot, that is, six inches, which as you see are divided evenly, and can be doubled in order to make a whole foot.<ref>The diagram is reproduced along the right edge of the page of the original, labeled “This is the measure of the half foot, that is, six inches.”</ref></p>
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[[File:Agocchie 66r detail.png|400px|left]]
 
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Revision as of 02:18, 10 November 2023

Giovanni dall'Agocchie
Born March 9, 1547
Bologna, Italy
Died 16th century (?)
Occupation Fencing master
Patron Fabio Pepoli, Count of Castiglione (?)
Movement Dardi tradition
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (1572)
Translations Traduction française

Giovanni dall'Agocchie di Bologna (dalle Agocchie, Agucchi, Agocchia; b. March 9, 1547) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life apart from that he was a citizen of Bologna. In 1572, dall'Agocchie wrote and published a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, titled Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre ("Three Books on the Art of Defense"). He dedicated it to Fabio Pepoli, Count of Castiglione, but it's unclear if he was ever attached to the comital court.

Treatise

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. NdT – Cette image de l’ange associé aux initiales F.P renvoie au Vénitien Francesco Portonari - Voir Giuseppina Zappella, p89, Le marche dei tipografi e degli editori italiani del Cinquecento. Repertorio di figure, simboli e soggetti e dei relativi motti. Milano, Editrice Bibliografica, 1986, 2 v. "Grandi Opere, 1”.
  2. N.b., the riverso ridoppio eliciting this counter is not mentioned among the provocations above.
  3. I.e., “mezzo tempo”.
  4. I.e., stretta, see p. 38r
  5. This should probably be “near your right one”.
  6. Not specified.
  7. Above, the blow is “a false thrust to his face from under your dagger”.
  8. I.e., your sword’s—“di essa”.
  9. Possibly the punta riversa feinted to the face, above; if so, the counter to the mandritto tondo to the head appears to have been omitted.
  10. I.e., alta, see p. 35r.
  11. Note that no counter to this provocation’s initial punta riversa to the face is described.
  12. The provocation specified a mandritto to the head followed by a riverso to the thigh.
  13. Borsetta.
  14. I.e., too distal.
  15. I.e., so that the concavity is upward.
  16. The diagram is reproduced along the right edge of the page of the original, labeled “This is the measure of the half foot, that is, six inches.”