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| <p>''Parrying with the sword: in how many ways it can be done.''</p>
 
| <p>''Parrying with the sword: in how many ways it can be done.''</p>
  
<p>You have to know that the sword can only parry in two ways: either with its true edge, or with the false one. The said ''falso'' is divided into two types, namely ''dritto'' and ''manco''. You can avail yourself of the ''falso dritto'' to hit the enemy’s sword toward the outside, that is, toward his right side; and of the ''falso manco'', toward his left side. And any time that you hit the blow with a ''falso manco'', you can wound thereafter with either a cut or a thrust, but when you hit it with a ''falso dritto'', you can’t wound except with a cut. Now I want to advise you that when you’re in motion to hit the enemy’s blow with a ''falso dritto'' and want to wound with a ''mandritto'', that you should immediately turn your wrist downwards and your body behind your right side. By doing this you’ll hit the enemy’s sword almost with your true edge. And in the same tempo you’ll turn a ''dritto tramazzone'', so that you’ll be more secure, because you’ll distance the enemy’s sword further from you, and also come to parry and strike almost in one tempo. Moreover, your sword will always be in your adversary’s presence. But you need to have a limber body and a very fast wrist, because otherwise it will do you no good. </p>
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<p>You have to know that the sword can only parry in two ways: either with its true edge, or with the false one. The said ''falso'' is divided into two types, namely ''dritto'' and ''manco''. You can avail yourself of the ''falso dritto'' to hit the enemy’s sword toward the outside, that is, toward his right side; and of the ''falso manco'', toward his left side. And any time that you hit the blow with a ''falso manco'', you can wound thereafter with either a cut or a thrust, but when you hit it with a ''falso dritto'', you can’t wound except with a cut. Now I want to advise you that when you’re in motion to hit the enemy’s blow with a ''falso dritto'' and want to wound with a ''mandritto'', that you should immediately turn your wrist downwards and your body behind your right side. By doing this you’ll hit the enemy’s sword almost with your true edge. And in the same ''tempo'' you’ll turn a ''dritto tramazzone'', so that you’ll be more secure, because you’ll distance the enemy’s sword further from you, and also come to parry and strike almost in one ''tempo''. Moreover, your sword will always be in your adversary’s presence. But you need to have a limber body and a very fast wrist, because otherwise it will do you no good. </p>
 
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{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/31|5|lbl=13r.5|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/32|1|lbl=13v.1|p=1}}
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| <p>''On the motion of the feet and the body.''</p>
 
| <p>''On the motion of the feet and the body.''</p>
  
<p>Gio: Now coming to the motion of the feet and body together, when you find yourself in guards with your right foot forward, and it happens that you take two tempi, that is, parrying and then striking, that you’ll draw your left foot near your right one in the tempo in which you parry, and then while striking you’ll step forward with your right. And so your left foot accompanies your parry, and your right one accompanies your attack. And on the contrary, when you parry and strike in a single tempo, while you move your sword you’ll also go forward with your right foot, making your left one follow it, and in this case the right foot will accompany both. But when you’re in guards with the left foot forward, the right foot will almost always accompany both the parry and the attack, and the left leg must follow the right. And regardless of which foot you have forward, you‘ll turn your body and rear leg to the opposite of the side on which you parry or hit the enemy’s blow, because by doing so you’ll make two defenses in one tempo, one with the sword and the other with the body. Moreover, you’ll distance yourself from the said sword and draw significantly closer to his opening, and it will be easier and safer for you to strike him. I also want to advise you to keep your arm well extended during your defense of both sides, because thereby you’ll push your enemy’s blows further away from your body, and also be stronger and faster in striking. Observing these rules, you cannot err. </p>
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<p>Gio: Now coming to the motion of the feet and body together, when you find yourself in guards with your right foot forward, and it happens that you take two tempi, that is, parrying and then striking, that you’ll draw your left foot near your right one in the ''tempo'' in which you parry, and then while striking you’ll step forward with your right. And so your left foot accompanies your parry, and your right one accompanies your attack. And on the contrary, when you parry and strike in a single ''tempo'', while you move your sword you’ll also go forward with your right foot, making your left one follow it, and in this case the right foot will accompany both. But when you’re in guards with the left foot forward, the right foot will almost always accompany both the parry and the attack, and the left leg must follow the right. And regardless of which foot you have forward, you‘ll turn your body and rear leg to the opposite of the side on which you parry or hit the enemy’s blow, because by doing so you’ll make two defenses in one ''tempo'', one with the sword and the other with the body. Moreover, you’ll distance yourself from the said sword and draw significantly closer to his opening, and it will be easier and safer for you to strike him. I also want to advise you to keep your arm well extended during your defense of both sides, because thereby you’ll push your enemy’s blows further away from your body, and also be stronger and faster in striking. Observing these rules, you cannot err. </p>
 
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| <p>''Ways of defending yourself from the enemy, and of harming him.''</p>
 
| <p>''Ways of defending yourself from the enemy, and of harming him.''</p>
  
<p>Gio: In this fifth heading I want to show you all of the ways of defending yourself from the enemy, and harming him, when he wants to wound you either with a cut or a thrust, be it high or low, when you’re fixed in ''coda lunga stretta''. Taking our beginning in this guard, I’ll tell you that when you’re fixed in it against your enemy, and he wants to hit you in the head with a ''dritto fendente'', you can draw your left foot near your right one, turning your body as I’ve said behind your right side, and in that tempo you’ll raise your sword into ''guardia di testa'', parrying the blow. Then you’ll immediately step forward with your right foot, throwing a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' to his head, followed by a ''riverso'', with you’ll return into the said guard. Or, once you’ve parried the said blow in ''guardia di testa'', you’ll be able to wound him with two ''dritti tramazzoni'', or thrust an ''imbroccata'' into his chest followed by a ''dritto tramazzone''. You could also step toward the enemy’s left side with your right foot and parry him with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and immediately turn a ''riverso'' to his face, followed with another ''riverso''; or thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest, together with a ''riverso tramazzone'', which will end you in the aforesaid guard. You can also step forward with your right foot, making the left one follow it, and parry the said ''fendente'' in ''guardia di faccia'', thrusting the point into his face in that tempo, and for your shelter you’ll turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' with which you’ll go into the aforesaid guard. You could also, in the same tempo in which he wants to throw a blow at your head, thrust a ''punta riversa'' to his chest, or wound the enemy’s hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and for your defense immediately go with your sword into ''guardia di faccia'', parrying the enemy’s blow, and having done this, you’ll settle yourself back into the same guard. But if he wants to hit you in the head with a ''mandritto'', either ''sgualimbro'' or ''tondo'', you’ll be able to follow the same rule given above, for parrying as for striking; except that when you go to parry with your sword in ''guardia di testa'', you’ll lower your point somewhat toward the ground, turning your body behind your right side, keeping your arm will extended, so that thereby you’ll render yourself more secure. You could also let his blow go in vain, and immediately wound him with whatever seems most convenient to you. </p>
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<p>Gio: In this fifth heading I want to show you all of the ways of defending yourself from the enemy, and harming him, when he wants to wound you either with a cut or a thrust, be it high or low, when you’re fixed in ''coda lunga stretta''. Taking our beginning in this guard, I’ll tell you that when you’re fixed in it against your enemy, and he wants to hit you in the head with a ''dritto fendente'', you can draw your left foot near your right one, turning your body as I’ve said behind your right side, and in that ''tempo'' you’ll raise your sword into ''guardia di testa'', parrying the blow. Then you’ll immediately step forward with your right foot, throwing a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' to his head, followed by a ''riverso'', with you’ll return into the said guard. Or, once you’ve parried the said blow in ''guardia di testa'', you’ll be able to wound him with two ''dritti tramazzoni'', or thrust an ''imbroccata'' into his chest followed by a ''dritto tramazzone''. You could also step toward the enemy’s left side with your right foot and parry him with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and immediately turn a ''riverso'' to his face, followed with another ''riverso''; or thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest, together with a ''riverso tramazzone'', which will end you in the aforesaid guard. You can also step forward with your right foot, making the left one follow it, and parry the said ''fendente'' in ''guardia di faccia'', thrusting the point into his face in that ''tempo'', and for your shelter you’ll turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' with which you’ll go into the aforesaid guard. You could also, in the same ''tempo'' in which he wants to throw a blow at your head, thrust a ''punta riversa'' to his chest, or wound the enemy’s hand with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and for your defense immediately go with your sword into ''guardia di faccia'', parrying the enemy’s blow, and having done this, you’ll settle yourself back into the same guard. But if he wants to hit you in the head with a ''mandritto'', either ''sgualimbro'' or ''tondo'', you’ll be able to follow the same rule given above, for parrying as for striking; except that when you go to parry with your sword in ''guardia di testa'', you’ll lower your point somewhat toward the ground, turning your body behind your right side, keeping your arm will extended, so that thereby you’ll render yourself more secure. You could also let his blow go in vain, and immediately wound him with whatever seems most convenient to you. </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: Now, having returned into ''coda lunga stretta'', if the enemy wants to wound you in the leg with a ''mandritto'', you can parry it with the false edge of the sword, stepping forward with your right foot, and turning two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head in that tempo, making your left leg follow behind your right, and immediately returning into the aforesaid guard. Or, once you’ve parried, you can turn a ''riverso'' from beneath upwards, followed by an ''imbroccata''. You could also draw your right foot near your left one, and stick your point in his face in that tempo; then immediately adopt the aforesaid guard. But if he wants to throw a ''mandritto ridoppio'' at you, you can protect yourself with a ''mezzo mandritto sgualimbro'', and give him a ''riverso tondo'' to the head in response, or a ''punta riversa'' to the chest followed by a ''riverso tramazzone'', with which you’ll settle yourself in the aforesaid guard. But if perchance he wants to wound you in the head with a ''riverso fendente'', you can go with your sword into ''guardia di testa'', and parry it there, then immediately step toward his right side with your right foot, turning two ''mandritti'' to his head with your wrist, or wound him with an ''imbroccata'' to the chest. You can also parry him in ''guardia d’entrare'', stepping toward his right side with your right foot, and stick your point in his face in that tempo, and having done so, return into the same guard. But if instead the enemy throws a ''riverso'', ''sgualimbro'' or ''tondo'', at your head, you can hit it with the true edge of your sword, and immediately turn a ''riverso'' to his head; or stick an ''imbroccata'' through his flanks. You can also defend yourself if you go into ''guardia d’entrare'', and thrust the point into his chest in the same tempo. You can also feint as if to parry, and let the blow turn in vain, then wound him with whatever seems most opportune; however, immediately restore yourself to the aforesaid guard. But when he wants to respond to you with a ''riverso'' to the leg, you can parry that with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance with your right foot, turning a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his head, or thrust an ''imbroccata'' to his chest. You can also draw your leg back, sticking your point in his face, or turn a ''riverso'' to his sword arm, and immediately return into ''coda lunga stretta''. But if he throws a ''riverso ridoppio'', you can parry it with a ''riverso'', and wound him with whatever seems most suitable, and immediately resume the aforesaid guard. But if perchance he wants to wound you with an overhand thrust, you can hit it with the false edge of the sword, dropping its point toward the ground, turning your wrist well and your body behind your right side, and, all in one tempo, turning two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head, making the last one fall into ''porta di ferro''. One can also parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', thrusting him in the breast with a ''punta riversa'', or slicing him in the face with a ''riverso'', followed by another ''riverso'' with which you’ll return into the aforesaid guard. During the thrusting of the said ''imbroccata'' you could also draw your right foot near your left one, and beat it away upwards in that tempo with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance and push an overhand thrust into his face. You’ll similarly defend yourself from the said ''imbroccata'' if you draw back your right foot a pace, wounding him in the hand in that tempo with a ''mezzo mandritto'' which will descend into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. Then immediately do a ''falso'' and a ''riverso'', returning your right foot forward, settling yourself into the previously named guard. But when the enemy wants to thrust a ''stoccata'' into your chest, you can parry it with a ''falso dritto'', turning your wrist and body well as I’ve said, and in the same tempo you’ll turn two ''mandritti'' to his head with your wrist. Next, you could parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and immediately extend a thrust to his face, then for your shelter turn a ''riverso sgualimbro'', with which you’ll resume the aforesaid guard. To this same ''stoccata'' you can also join your true edge against the enemy’s sword, extending the point into his breast all in one tempo, and you’ll find yourself with your sword in ''guardia di faccia'', whence for your protection you’ll turn a ''riverso tramazzone'', returning into the aforesaid guard. You’ll also protect yourself if you throw a ''mezzo mandritto'' at the enemy’s hand, drawing your right foot back a pace in that tempo, and then immediately return to the guard of which we’ve discussed; or, when he throws the said ''stoccata'' at you, in that instant turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' to his sword arm, but your left foot will have to follow your right one. And these are the defenses and attacks that can be performed against ''mandritti'', ''riversi'', and thrusts, finding yourself fixed in ''coda lunga stretta''. </p>
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| <p>Gio: Now, having returned into ''coda lunga stretta'', if the enemy wants to wound you in the leg with a ''mandritto'', you can parry it with the false edge of the sword, stepping forward with your right foot, and turning two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head in that ''tempo'', making your left leg follow behind your right, and immediately returning into the aforesaid guard. Or, once you’ve parried, you can turn a ''riverso'' from beneath upwards, followed by an ''imbroccata''. You could also draw your right foot near your left one, and stick your point in his face in that ''tempo''; then immediately adopt the aforesaid guard. But if he wants to throw a ''mandritto ridoppio'' at you, you can protect yourself with a ''mezzo mandritto sgualimbro'', and give him a ''riverso tondo'' to the head in response, or a ''punta riversa'' to the chest followed by a ''riverso tramazzone'', with which you’ll settle yourself in the aforesaid guard. But if perchance he wants to wound you in the head with a ''riverso fendente'', you can go with your sword into ''guardia di testa'', and parry it there, then immediately step toward his right side with your right foot, turning two ''mandritti'' to his head with your wrist, or wound him with an ''imbroccata'' to the chest. You can also parry him in ''guardia d’entrare'', stepping toward his right side with your right foot, and stick your point in his face in that ''tempo'', and having done so, return into the same guard. But if instead the enemy throws a ''riverso'', ''sgualimbro'' or ''tondo'', at your head, you can hit it with the true edge of your sword, and immediately turn a ''riverso'' to his head; or stick an ''imbroccata'' through his flanks. You can also defend yourself if you go into ''guardia d’entrare'', and thrust the point into his chest in the same ''tempo''. You can also feint as if to parry, and let the blow turn in vain, then wound him with whatever seems most opportune; however, immediately restore yourself to the aforesaid guard. But when he wants to respond to you with a ''riverso'' to the leg, you can parry that with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance with your right foot, turning a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his head, or thrust an ''imbroccata'' to his chest. You can also draw your leg back, sticking your point in his face, or turn a ''riverso'' to his sword arm, and immediately return into ''coda lunga stretta''. But if he throws a ''riverso ridoppio'', you can parry it with a ''riverso'', and wound him with whatever seems most suitable, and immediately resume the aforesaid guard. But if perchance he wants to wound you with an overhand thrust, you can hit it with the false edge of the sword, dropping its point toward the ground, turning your wrist well and your body behind your right side, and, all in one ''tempo'', turning two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head, making the last one fall into ''porta di ferro''. One can also parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', thrusting him in the breast with a ''punta riversa'', or slicing him in the face with a ''riverso'', followed by another ''riverso'' with which you’ll return into the aforesaid guard. During the thrusting of the said ''imbroccata'' you could also draw your right foot near your left one, and beat it away upwards in that ''tempo'' with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance and push an overhand thrust into his face. You’ll similarly defend yourself from the said ''imbroccata'' if you draw back your right foot a pace, wounding him in the hand in that ''tempo'' with a ''mezzo mandritto'' which will descend into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. Then immediately do a ''falso'' and a ''riverso'', returning your right foot forward, settling yourself into the previously named guard. But when the enemy wants to thrust a ''stoccata'' into your chest, you can parry it with a ''falso dritto'', turning your wrist and body well as I’ve said, and in the same ''tempo'' you’ll turn two ''mandritti'' to his head with your wrist. Next, you could parry it with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and immediately extend a thrust to his face, then for your shelter turn a ''riverso sgualimbro'', with which you’ll resume the aforesaid guard. To this same ''stoccata'' you can also join your true edge against the enemy’s sword, extending the point into his breast all in one ''tempo'', and you’ll find yourself with your sword in ''guardia di faccia'', whence for your protection you’ll turn a ''riverso tramazzone'', returning into the aforesaid guard. You’ll also protect yourself if you throw a ''mezzo mandritto'' at the enemy’s hand, drawing your right foot back a pace in that ''tempo'', and then immediately return to the guard of which we’ve discussed; or, when he throws the said ''stoccata'' at you, in that instant turn a ''riverso tramazzone'' to his sword arm, but your left foot will have to follow your right one. And these are the defenses and attacks that can be performed against ''mandritti'', ''riversi'', and thrusts, finding yourself fixed in ''coda lunga stretta''. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: The rule you followed in discussing this guard was truly of the greatest satisfaction to me. Therefore continue with the remainder. </p>
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| <p>Gio: It will serve you well to follow the same rule with regard to the others, since this is the best and the easiest route that can be used to lead you to understanding of this art. And therefore I say to you, that finding yourself before your enemy with your sword in ''coda lunga alta'', if he happens to throw a ''mandritto'' to your head, you’ll pass forward with your right foot and go with your sword into ''guardia di testa'' all in one ''tempo'' in order to defend yourself, making your left foot follow your right one, and immediately thrust an ''imbroccata'' into his chest, or turn two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head. But for your shelter, you’ll return your right foot back a pace together with a ''riverso'', which will stop in the said guard. One can also let the blow pass, and wound him with whatever will seem most opportune. During your stepping with the right foot, you could as well parry it with a ''mandritto sgualimbro'', and immediately give him a ''mandritto tondo'' to the head, or slice him in the face with a ''riverso'', having done which, you’ll return your right foot to the rear, throwing a ''riverso tramazzone'' in that ''tempo'', with which you’ll return to the same guard above. Similarly, when your enemy throws the said ''mandritto'', you can pass forward with your right foot and go with your sword into ''guardia di faccia'' to protect yourself, sticking the point immediately into his face. And having done so, you’ll resume the same named guard. Beyond which, while he throws the blow, one can give him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to the sword hand, stepping somewhat toward his left side with the right foot, and immediately place oneself in the aforesaid guard. But when he responds to you with a ''mandritto'' to the leg, you’ll parry it with a ''falso dritto'', advancing forward with your right foot during that parry, and all in one ''tempo'' you’ll turn a ''riverso'' from beneath upwards to the enemy’s arm, or turn a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his head. You could also draw back your leg and thrust a ''stoccata'' into his face, and then immediately place yourself back into ''coda lunga alta''. But if the enemy throws a ''riverso'' to your head, you’ll immediately go into ''guardia di testa'' to defend yourself, stepping with your right foot in that ''tempo'', turning two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head, or thrusting an ''imbroccata'' to his chest. You could also parry in ''guardia d’entrare'', and thrust the point into his face in that ''tempo''. One could equally allow the blow to go in vain and immediately wound him with whatever will be most convenient, and having done so, return to the aforesaid guard. But when he responds to you with a ''riverso'' to the leg, you’ll draw back your foot and stick the point in his face in that ''tempo'', returning immediately back to the customary guard. But when the enemy throws an overhand thrust at you, you can step forward with your right foot, parrying with the ''falso'' in the way I told you in the advice above, namely by turning your body well behind your right side, along with turning two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head with your wrist, having done which, you’ll arrange yourself in the same guard. You can also step forward with your right foot, and parry with a ''mezzo mandritto sgualimbro'', and immediately wound him in the chest with a ''punta riversa'', or slice him in the face with a ''riverso tondo'' followed by another ''riverso'', with which you’ll return into ''coda lunga alta''. You can similarly retire back a pace with your left foot and wound the enemy’s hand all in one ''tempo'' with a ''mezzo mandritto'', and after this make a turn of the fist, returning forward with your foot, and setting yourself in the aforesaid guard. But if he throws a ''stoccata'' to your chest, you can parry it with a ''falso'', turning your wrist well, together with your body, and advancing forward all in one ''tempo'' wound him in the head with two ''dritti'' done with your wrist, making the last one fall into ''porta di ferro''. It will also turn out well for you if you parry with the true edge of your sword and immediately stick the point in his face, or cut him with a ''riverso tondo'' to the face. Next, as you step with your feet you can adjoin the forte of the true edge of your sword onto that of your enemy, sticking your point into his chest. Moreover, you can turn your left foot back, and give him a ''mezzo mandritto'' to his sword hand in that ''tempo''. Similarly, one could step into a large pace toward the enemy’s left side with the right foot, and in that step, push an overhand thrust into his flank. Beyond which you could defend yourself from the said thrust by stepping toward his left side with your right foot, turning a ''riverso tramazzone'' to his right arm all in one ''tempo''. And this is the manner in which to defend yourself from the enemy and harm him when he wants to wound you either with a cut or a thrust, be it high or low, when you find yourself in the aforesaid guard of ''coda lunga alta''. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: These defenses and attacks of which you’ve just spoken seem to be similar to those of ''coda lunga stretta''. </p>
 
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{{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/40|2|lbl=17v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/41|1|lbl=18r.1|p=1}}
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| <p>Gio: It’s true, because these two guards are of one same nature, nor is there any other difference except for the stepping that’s done with the right foot, which one can’t help but do when wishing to parry the enemy’s blows and harm him. And although there’s no other difference between them than what I’ve just said, I still didn’t want to refrain from discussing it with you just because of this, nor from fully showing you everything that can be done in the said guard, the better to bring you to a complete understanding. </p>
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| <p>Lep: I hope by this rule to obtain from you as much as I desire. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf/41|3|lbl=18r.3}}
  
 
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| <p>''Porta di ferro stretta''</p>
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<p>Gio: Now, coming to the discussion of the third guard, which will be ''porta di ferro stretta'', if you’re fixed in it in front of your enemy and he throws a ''mandritto fendente'' to your head, you can hit it with a ''falso manco'', making your left foot push your right one forward, then immediately slice him in the face with a ''mandritto'', which will return you to the same guard, or, having parried the said blow, you’ll step toward the enemy’s right side with your left foot, turning a ''riverso'' to his head in that ''tempo''. You could also, once you’ve parried said ''fendente'' with the ''falso'', turn your fist downwards and immediately stick your point into his face, followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'' which will end in the aforesaid guard. Similarly, while the enemy is throwing the ''fendente'', you could parry it in ''guardia di testa'', passing presently toward his left side with your right foot, and give him two ''dritti tramazzone'' to his head, or thrust an ''imbroccata'' into his chest, which will fall into the guard named above. Next, you can protect yourself with a ''riverso sgualimbro'', stepping somewhat toward his right side with your left foot, and immediately advance forward with your right one, throwing an overhand thrust to his flank or turning a ''riverso'' to his head, and having done this, return to the guard employed. You could also parry the said blow in ''guardia di faccia'', and thrust the point into his face in the same ''tempo'', and immediately return into the aforesaid guard. But if the enemy throws a ''mandritto'', ''sgualimbro'' or ''tondo'', at your upper body, you’ll protect yourself against those either in ''guardia di testa'' or ''guardia di faccia'', whichever is easier, giving him whatever response is most opportune, because against these you can do almost all of the same defenses that you’d done against the ''mandritto fendente''. But to get back to the discussion, when he throws a ''mandritto'' to your leg, you can draw your right foot near your left one, thrusting the point into his face in that ''tempo'', and having done so, return into ''porta di ferro''. But if he throws a ''riverso'' to your upper body, you can hit it with the false edge of your sword, and promptly turn a ''riverso'' to his head, or after having hit the blow, you could turn your fist downward and thrust the point into his face, followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'' with which you’ll reassume the aforesaid guard. You can also parry in ''guardia di testa'' and immediately wound him either with a ''mandritto'' or an overhand thrust. Beyond which, you can hit the said ''riverso'' with the true edge of your sword and immediately turn your hand upwards and cut him in the face with a ''mandritto'', or, having hit the blow, you can stick an ''imbroccata'' in his chest. One could also parry in ''guardia d’entrare'' and stick the point in his face in one ''tempo'', having done which, one must return to the guard employed. But if he throws a ''riverso'' to your leg, you’ll protect yourself with a ''riverso ridoppio'' and in one stroke turn a ''riverso'' to his head or push the point into his flanks, or draw your leg back somewhat, pushing the point into his face in that instant. But if perchance he throws a ''riverso ridoppio'' at you, you’ll parry it with the true edge of your sword, and promptly wound him either with a ''riverso tondo'' or a ''punta riversa'', followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'', with which you’ll reassume the aforesaid guard. But if he thrusts an ''imbroccata'' to your chest, you can parry that with the false edge of your sword, passing in that ''tempo'' toward his right side with your right foot, turning a ''riverso'' to your enemy’s arm and then immediately returning into ''porta di ferro''. You will also be a good defender against the said ''imbroccata'' with a ''riverso sgualimbro'', swiftly pushing an overhand thrust into his flank. You can also join your true edge with your enemy’s sword, immediately thrusting the point into his face. Beyond which, you can parry it with a ''dritto tramazzone'', drawing your right foot behind your left in that ''tempo'', and making your sword go into ''cinghiale porta di ferro'', having done which, you’ll advance forward a pace with your right foot, accompanied by a ''dritto tramazzone'', with which you’ll return to the aforesaid guard. But if he throws an underhand thrust at you, you can parry it with a ''falso manco'', and then slice him in the face with a ''mandritto'' or turn a ''riverso'' to his head, making one foot push the other one forward. In addition, once you’ve hit the said thrust with the false edge of your sword, you can make a half turn of your fist and push the point into his face all in one ''tempo'', followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'' with which you’ll go into the guard named above. Similarly, one can defend against it with a ''riverso sgualimbro'', advancing forward somewhat with the left foot toward the enemy’s right side, then gliding forward with the right one and wounding him with a ''riverso'' to the thigh, or, after you’ve parried, you can thrust an ''imbroccata'' to his flank, with which you’ll fix yourself in the aforesaid guard. You can also go into ''guardia d’entrare'' against the said ''stoccata'', placing the forte of your true edge against the enemy’s sword, pushing the point into his chest, or as he throws the said ''stoccata'', you can retire back a pace with your right foot, and in that ''tempo'' you’ll turn a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his sword arm, which will fall into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. Then you’ll immediately pass forward with your right foot, together with a ''mandritto'' with your wrist, with which you’ll settle yourself into said guard. And these are the ways you must follow in protecting yourself from your enemy’s blows, and in harming him, being fixed in ''porta di ferro stretta''. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: Now tell me, if I were in ''porta di ferro larga'' or ''porta di ferro alta'', could the same defenses be performed? </p>
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| <p>Gio: Almost all of them could be done, because these three guards are of one same nature, so there is still but little difference between one of them and another. And so that you understand, the wide guards serve in the wide play, and the narrow ones in the narrow. But to return to the discussion of them, when you find yourself before your adversary in ''cinghiale porta di ferro'' and he wants to strike you with a ''mandritto'' to the head, you can step forward with your right foot and parry in ''guardia di testa'', and immediately turn two ''dritti tramazzone'' to his upper body or thrust an ''imbroccata'' into his chest, making your left leg follow behind your right one, and immediately return your right foot back a pace together with a ''dritto tramazzone'' with which you’ll fix yourself in the said guard. You can also parry him in ''guardia d’entrare'', advancing forward with your right foot, and thrust the point into his face in the same ''tempo''. You will also defend yourself if you hit the said blow with a ''falso manco'' from beneath upwards, stepping forward right away with your right foot, and immediately turning a ''riverso'' to the head, or cutting him with a ''mandritto'' to the arm. And having done so, you’ll place yourself back in the aforesaid guard. It will also be useful during the stepping forward to go into ''guardia di faccia'' with your sword in order to protect yourself, and in that ''tempo'' thrust the point into his chest. Beyond which, once you’ve parried in ''guardia di faccia'', you can advance toward the enemy’s right side with your left foot and turn a ''riverso'' to his head, and immediately return into your guard. But if he throws a ''riverso'' to your head, you can parry it with the false edge of your sword and strike him in the head with a similar ''riverso'', or, having parried with the false edge, you’ll turn your fist downwards, pushing the point into his face. You could also hit it with a ''riverso sgualimbro'', advancing forward with your right foot, and stick an ''imbroccata'' through his flank. Next, you could go into ''guardia d’entrare'' with your sword, and protect yourself from him there, thrusting the point in his face in the same ''tempo''; having done which, you’ll return to the employed guard. But if he wants to respond to you with a ''riverso'' to your leg, you can advance with your right foot, and parry with a ''riverso ridoppio'', thrusting an ''imbroccata'' to his chest in response, or, while he’s throwing the blow to your leg, draw your foot back, sticking a thrust in his face in that ''tempo'', and having done such, reassume the aforesaid guard. But if perchance he pushes an overhand thrust at you, you can parry that with the false edge, and turn a ''riverso'' to his head or cut him in the face with a ''mandritto''. You can also hit it with the true edge of your sword, stepping forward with your right foot at once and thrust your point through his flank. Otherwise, during his thrusting of the ''imbroccata'', you can adjoin your true edge upon his sword and step forward all in one ''tempo'' and thrust your point into his face. You can similarly defend yourself by drawing your left foot behind your right one and turning a ''dritto tramazzone'' in that ''tempo'' to his sword hand, and then immediately return into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. But if your enemy wants to wound you with an underhand thrust, you can parry it with a ''falso manco'', advancing forward with your right foot, and immediately turn a ''riverso'' to his head or cut him in the face with a ''mandritto''; or, having parried with the false edge, you can make a half turn of your fist, and thrust your point into his face. It will also avail you against the said ''stoccata'' to draw your left foot back and turn a ''dritto tramazzone'' to your enemy’s hand in that ''tempo'', or, as he thrusts the ''stoccata'', you can meet it with the forte of your true edge, advancing with your right foot, and thrust your point into his chest in the same ''tempo''. Next, you can parry with a ''riverso sgualimbro'', stepping forward immediately and wounding him with an ''imbroccata'' to the flank, followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'' which will go into ''porta di ferro'', and then you’ll immediately return your right foot back a pace, together with a ''mandritto'' from the wrist, with which you’ll fix yourself in the said guard. And with this I’ve finished the explication of these four most necessary guards, in which I’ve demonstrated the defenses with both the false and true edge of the sword, along with the attacks that can be delivered in each of them. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: Which of these two defenses do you hold to be better? </p>
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| <p>''Which is the surer defense.''</p>
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<p>Gio: Both are good, however the defenses that are done with the true edge of the sword are better and surer. Because they are almost always done with the forte of the sword, that is, from the middle back, and also (as I’ve told you), one can always wound with either the thrust or the cut; and moreover, the point of the sword almost never departs from the enemy’s presence. But on the contrary, the defenses that are done with the false edge are less strong and sure, because most of them are done with the debole of the sword, which is from the middle forward, nor can one ever wound with a thrust, and it also departs from the enemy’s presence; so for these reasons I hold parrying with the true edge of the sword to be better and surer. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: I’d maintained that the sword has greater strength from its middle forward than from its middle back. </p>
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| <p>Gio: In striking it has greater strength, but not in parrying. </p>
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| <p>Lep: Since you’ve clarified this for me, I pray you to discuss as well ''guardia d’alicorno'' with the right foot forward, which I long to understand, since it is also prized and often used. </p>
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| <p>''Guardia d’alicorno.''</p>
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<p>Gio: I’ll gladly speak of it. Accordingly, I’ll tell you that if you found yourself in the said guard and your enemy wanted to throw a ''fendente'' to your head, you could draw your left foot near your right one and go with your sword into ''guardia di testa'' to defend yourself, and immediately advance with your right foot and turn a ''mandritto'' to his head with your wrist or thrust an ''imbroccata'' to his chest. You could also, when parrying in ''guardia di testa'', pretend to give him a ''dritto tramazzone'' to his upper body, but all in one ''tempo'' turn a ''riverso'' to his thigh together with a ''riverso ridoppio'', with which you’ll return to the said guard. But if instead he wants to wound you with a ''mandritto'', either ''sgualimbro'' or ''tondo'', you’ll turn your left side behind your right, and you’ll defend yourself with your sword in ''guardia di testa'', lowering the point a bit toward the ground, and you’ll immediately turn two ''dritti tramazzoni'' to his head, or stick the point in his chest. Beyond which, you could parry in ''guardia di faccia'' and thrust the point into his face in the same ''tempo'', or parry with a ''mezzo mandritto sgualimbro'' and immediately respond to him with either a ''punta riversa'' or a ''riverso tondo'', and having done so, you’ll return to your guard. But if perchance he throws a ''mandritto'' or ''riverso'' to your leg, you’ll draw your right foot back somewhat, pushing an ''imbroccata'' into his chest or turning a ''mandritto'' to his right arm. But if he throws a ''riverso'' to your head, you’ll parry it with your sword in the same guard, and thrust your point through his flanks in one ''tempo'', having done which, you’ll return into the aforesaid guard with a ''riverso'' from beneath upwards. But if he wants to throw an overhand thrust at you, you can pass toward his left side with your right foot, making your left foot follow it, and parry with a ''mandritto sgualimbro'', and immediately cut him with a ''riverso'' to the head or thrust a ''punta riversa'' into his chest. Beyond which, it would be good against the said ''imbroccata'' to draw your right foot near your left one and smack it aside with a ''riverso ridoppio'', and immediately advance forward with your right foot and stick a thrust into his face. Or you could defend yourself by casting your right foot back a pace and giving him a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' to his sword hand in the same ''tempo'', which will go into ''cinghiale porta di ferro''; having done which, you’ll promptly return into the guard whereof we speak. But if he throws a ''stoccata'' in order to give it to you in the chest, you’ll step towards your enemy’s left side with your right foot, and in that ''tempo'' you’ll smack it with a ''mandritto'' and immediately wound him either with a cut or a thrust, depending on which seems good. Against the said thrust, you could also pass toward his right side with your left foot and beat it aside with your left hand, then turn a ''riverso'' to his head all in one ''tempo'', or thrust your point into his face, and having done thus, reassume the said ''guardia d’alicorno''. With which, as much as I’ve explained to you up to this point will suffice. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: As with the others, you’ve satisfied me about this one, and with much more ease than I’d thought, since it especially is held to be very difficult to learn. But the order that is seen in it would make anyone informed easily. </p>
 
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| <p>Gio: So you see how much those who say that theory isn’t needed in the art of fencing fool themselves, to which one can respond that if they don’t walk this path they’ll never teach perfectly, since this it is which reveals the principles, the causes, the effects, and finally teaches rationally and easily the rule and the method that one must follow in order to teach it adequately. But since I’ve always discussed one guard at a time, now I’ll speak of all of them together, that is, when in one and when in another, according to which of them you find yourself in, because you can’t always remain in a single guard without difficulty. </p>
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| <p>Lep: Why not? </p>
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| <p>Gio: As a result of the variations in attacking, from which, reasonably, no blow can be thrown that doesn’t result in some guard, as occurs with ''mandritti'' as well as with the ''imbroccata'', which end in ''porta di ferro'' or ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. The ''riversi'', then, finish in ''coda lunga'', whether with the right or the left foot forward. The ''stoccata'' and also the ''punta riversa'' can end themselves in either the one or the other guard; nonetheless the norm is for the ''punta riversa'' to finish in ''coda lunga stretta'', and the ''stoccata'' in ''porta di ferro'', and from here arises the difficulty. But I can still do more than this, so that you’ll make yourself well practiced in them. </p>
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| <p>Lep: I thank you, and this pleases me, because this is my desire. </p>
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| <p>Gio: Then we could pose the case that you were arranged with your sword in ''coda lunga stretta'', and that your enemy threw a ''mandritto'' to your head. You would proceed to parry it in ''guardia di faccia'', advancing forward with your right foot, and thrust the point in his face all in one ''tempo'', then immediately return your right foot back a pace, followed by a ''riverso sgualimbro'', with which you’ll fix yourself in ''coda lunga alta''. Now, if you’re in the said guard, and he wants to throw an overhand thrust at you, you’ll pass forward with your right foot, making your left one follow it, and parry it with a ''mandritto sgualimbro'' and turn a ''riverso tondo'' to his face all in one ''tempo'', followed by a ''riverso'' with which you’ll go into ''coda lunga stretta''. But if the enemy responds with a ''mandritto'' to your leg, you’ll protect yourself from that with the false edge of your sword, and turn two ''dritti tramazzone'' to his head in the same ''tempo'', making the last one fall into ''porta di ferro stretta''. But if you’re in said guard and he turns a ''riverso'' to your upper body, you’ll parry it with a ''riverso sgualimbro'', passing toward his right side in that ''tempo'' with your left foot, and advancing immediately with the right one, you’ll wound him with an ''imbroccata'' to his face, followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'' with which you’ll go into ''porta di ferro alta''. And if he throws a ''stoccata'' to your face, you’ll advance forward with your right foot and go with your sword into ''guardia d’entrare'', joining your true edge onto the enemy’s sword all in one ''tempo'', sticking the point into his chest. Having done which, you’ll draw your right foot back a pace, together with a ''dritto tramazzone'', with which you’ll fix yourself in ''cinghiale porta di ferro''. Now if you find yourself in the said guard, and he responds to you with a ''mandritto'', a ''riverso'', or a thrust, against any one of these blows you can hit your true edge into the enemy’s sword, and then immediately pass forward with your right foot and stick an ''imbroccata'' into his chest followed by a ''dritto tramazzone'' with which you’ll settle yourself into ''porta di ferro larga''. But if perchance he thrusts a ''punta riversa'' to your face in order to give you a ''mandritto tondo'', you’ll hit the said thrust with your false edge. And when he turns the ''mandritto'', you’ll immediately go into ''guardia di faccia'' with your sword, sticking your point into his face in that ''tempo'', and for your shelter you’ll turn your right foot back a pace together with a ''riverso tramazzone'' with which you’ll go into ''coda lunga alta''. And being in the said guard, if he wants to wound you with a ''fendente'' to your head you’ll pass forward with your right foot, raising your sword into ''guardia di testa'', and thereby you’ll protect yourself from it; but all in one ''tempo'' you’ll cast your left hand onto his sword from beneath your own, performing a grip on him and immediately giving him a ''mandritto'' to his head or leg, as you wish; having done which, you’ll return into ''coda lunga stretta''. And this is the manner that you must follow in playing with the guards, of which I could say many other things to you; but since we’ve discussed it sufficiently, it’s well that we leave it there, and that we return tomorrow in order to discuss as much as you’ll like. </p>
 
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| <p>Lep: I’ll report myself to you in this and in every other thing. </p>
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! <p>{{rating|C}} (2007)<br/>by [[W. Jherek Swanger]]</p>
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! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf}}<br/>by [[Andrea Morassutto]]</p>
  
 
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! <p>{{rating|C}} (2007)<br/>by [[W. Jherek Swanger]]</p>
 
! <p>Transcription{{edit index|Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (Giovanni dall'Agocchie) 1572.pdf}}<br/>by [[Andrea Morassutto]]</p>
 
  
 
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Revision as of 20:48, 9 November 2023

Giovanni dall'Agocchie
Born March 9, 1547
Bologna, Italy
Died 16th century (?)
Occupation Fencing master
Patron Fabio Pepoli, Count of Castiglione (?)
Movement Dardi tradition
Influences
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre (1572)
Translations Traduction française

Giovanni dall'Agocchie di Bologna (dalle Agocchie, Agucchi, Agocchia; b. March 9, 1547) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life apart from that he was a citizen of Bologna. In 1572, dall'Agocchie wrote and published a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, titled Dell'Arte di Scrima Libri Tre ("Three Books on the Art of Defense"). He dedicated it to Fabio Pepoli, Count of Castiglione, but it's unclear if he was ever attached to the comital court.

Treatise

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References

  1. NdT – Cette image de l’ange associé aux initiales F.P renvoie au Vénitien Francesco Portonari - Voir Giuseppina Zappella, p89, Le marche dei tipografi e degli editori italiani del Cinquecento. Repertorio di figure, simboli e soggetti e dei relativi motti. Milano, Editrice Bibliografica, 1986, 2 v. "Grandi Opere, 1”.